Journal of Radiation Research

Radiotherapy for breast cancer has attracted attention in Western countries because radiation to the heart can cause cardiac events. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the relationship between radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery and the frequency of cardiac events in Japanese patients and to investigate the risk factors of cardiac events after postoperative radiotherapy in those patients. Female patients who received postoperative radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery between 2007 and 2012 at our hospital were evaluated...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy in Southeast Asia and Southern China. Laminin subunit beta-3 (LAMB3) has been validated to participate in diverse cancers. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of LAMB3 in NPC remain unclear. In this study, LAMB3 expression is upregulated in NPC cells and tissues. Interestingly, knockdown of LAMB3 promoted apoptosis and reduced the radioresistance of NPC cells. Besides, shLAMB3 enhanced X-ray-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Mechanically, knockdown of LAMB3 deactivated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway via enhancing forkhead box 3 (FOXO3) expression...

This study aimed to develop and validate a collapsed cone convolution for magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (CCCMR). The 3D energy deposition kernels (EDKs) were generated in water in a 1.5-T transverse magnetic field. The CCCMR corrects the inhomogeneity in simulation geometry by referring to the EDKs according to the mass density between the interaction and energy deposition points in addition to density scaling. Dose distributions in a water phantom and in slab phantoms with inserted inhomogeneities were calculated using the Monte Carlo (MC) and CCCMR...

Aprataxin (APTX), the product of the causative gene for hereditary neurogenerative syndromes Ataxia-oculomotor apraxia 1 and early onset ataxia with oculomotor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia, has an enzymatic activity of removing adenosine monophosphate from DNA 5'-end, which arises from abortive ligation by DNA ligases. It is also reported that APTX physically binds to XRCC1 and XRCC4, suggesting its involvement in DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR) and DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) via non-homologous end joining pathway...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

There are several reports of hepatic resection for postoperative hepatic metastatic recurrence of esophageal cancer. However, it is unclear whether surgery is the best local treatment for liver metastases. Thus, this study aimed to retrospectively analyze proton beam therapy (PBT) for postoperative liver metastatic recurrence of esophageal cancer without extrahepatic lesions and examine outcomes and adverse events. This single-center historical cohort study selected patients who underwent PBT at our proton therapy center between 2012 and 2018...

While epidemiological data have greatly contributed to the estimation of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, studies using animal models have made significant contributions to provide quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The current article aims at compiling the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. This review focuses specifically on the results that explain the biological mechanisms underlying dose-rate effects and their potential involvement in radiation-induced carcinogenic processes...

While epidemiological data are available for the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, animal models have contributed significantly to providing quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The aim of the current review is to compile both the in vitro experiments with reference to the dose-rate effects of DNA damage and repair, and the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. In particular, the review focuses especially on the results pertaining to underlying biological mechanisms and discusses their possible involvement in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis...

Recently, the question of whether cancer risk is only accelerated but not increased by radiation exposure has been raised. To explore this matter, we analyzed whether the cumulative mortality of irradiated mice could be explained by x-axis (age) shifted cumulative mortality of nonirradiated mice. We reanalyzed publicly available data on observed cumulative mortality or prevalence in irradiated female B6C3F1 mice that lived their entire lifespan. The results showed that the irradiated curve was well matched to uniformly shifted nonirradiated curve for the cumulative mortality of all causes of death but not for the cumulative mortality of all solid tumors and prevalence of ovarian tumors as is...

Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mp53) or neo vector (SAS/neo) were inoculated subcutaneously into left hind legs of nude mice. After the subcutaneous administration of a 10B-carrier, boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA) or sodium mercaptododecaborate-10B (BSH), at two separate concentrations, the 10B concentrations in tumors were measured using γ-ray spectrometry. The tumor-bearing mice received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all intratumor proliferating (P) tumor cells, then were administered with BPA or BSH...

Chromatin-modifying enzymes are commonly altered in cancers, but the molecular mechanism by which they regulate cancers remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that Lysine acetyltransferase 7 (KAT7) was upregulated in breast cancer. KAT7 expression negatively correlated with the survival of breast cancer patients, and KAT7 silencing suppressed breast cancer radioresistance in vitro. Mechanistically, KAT7 activated Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) transcription, leading to enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling and radioresistance...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Health care institutions provide prevention strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 and non-infectious disease care. We investigated the characteristics of patient contamination in a radiotherapy room by examining the trajectory and number of airborne particles in the air when talking and coughing occurred and clarified the actual state of contamination in this closed space. Aerosols were visualized and evaluated in the vertical height and head-to-tail width directions when the participant was lying on the radiotherapy tabletop...

To analyze the association between radiation dose and thyroid cancer after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, external doses have often been used because of the difficulty to estimate internal thyroid doses individually due to the lack of human data. However, no evaluation has been made as to whether external dose is a good surrogate marker for internal thyroid dose individually. This study aimed at analyzing the relationship between external doses and internal thyroid doses estimated by recently developed methodology...

Catheterization for structural heart disease (SHD) requires fluoroscopic guidance, which exposes health care professionals to radiation exposure risk. Nevertheless, existing freestanding radiation shields for anesthesiologists are typically simple, uncomfortable rectangles. Therefore, we devised a new perforated radiation shield that allows anesthesiologists and echocardiographers to access a patient through its apertures during SHD catheterization. No report of the relevant literature has described the degree to which the anesthesiologist's radiation dose can be reduced by installing radiation shields...

Auger-emitting radionuclides have potential application in targeted radiotherapy, particularly for metastatic cancers. This possibility, especially, is stemmed from their characteristic short-range (a few μm) in biological systems allowing localization of high dose within small tumours. To explore this potential application, a Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit has been employed to simulate the energy deposition of different radionuclides in a water model. The Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit has model packages to simulate the interaction of radiation with matter and with diverse applications such as studies in science and medicine...

The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex has been implicated in various functions of the nuclear envelope, including nuclear migration, mechanotransduction and DNA repair. We previously revealed that the LINC complex component Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 1 (SUN1) is required for sublethal-dose X-ray-enhanced cell migration and invasion. This study focused on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cell migration. Hence, the present study aimed to examine whether sublethal-dose X-irradiation induces EMT and whether LINC complex component SUN1 is involved in low-dose X-ray-induced EMT...

Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a serious risk factor for cancer development. While the underlying mechanisms between obesity and cancer are still unknown, obesity disrupts the role of adipocytes in energy homeostasis, and the alteration of adipokine, insulin and sex steroid signaling. Recently, it has been identified that adipose tissue-derived exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) regulate metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we collected ELVs from adipose tissue of an obese mouse (ob/ob) strain and control mouse (C57BL/6) strain, and checked whether adipose ELVs influence radiation-induced cell death on mouse fibroblast cells (m5S)...

Irradiated cells can propagate signals to neighboring cells. Manifestations of these so-called bystander effects (BEs) are thought to be relatively more important after exposure to low- vs high-dose radiation and can be mediated via the release of secreted molecules, including inflammatory cytokines, from irradiated cells. Thus, BEs can potentially modify the inflammatory environment of irradiated cells. To determine whether these modifications could affect the functionality of bystander immune cells and their inflammatory response, we analyzed and compared the in vitro response of primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to low and high doses of radiation and assessed their ability to modulate the inflammatory activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)...

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of curcumin as a natural compound against radiation induced γ-foci and stable chromosome aberrations. Whole blood samples form three human volunteers were pretreated with curcumin at different concentrations (0.5, 10, 20 and 100 μg/ml). After 1-hour incubation, the lymphocytes were exposed to γ-rays (0.05, 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy). Radiation induced changes in cells were quantified using γ-H2AX/53BP1 assay and FISH analysis...