journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512175/the-unified-tradeoff-model
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marc Scholten, Daniel J Walters, Craig R Fox, Daniel Read
Evidence is steadily mounting that attribute-based models offer a more accurate description of intertemporal choices than traditional alternative-based models. Among the attribute-based models, the tradeoff model offers the broadest coverage of research findings, but at the cost of considerable complexity: There now are various instantiations of the model dealing with partially overlapping universes of choice options and preference patterns. Moreover, there are reports of preference patterns in intertemporal decisions about monetary losses that contradict all attribute-based models proposed so far...
March 21, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483516/correction-to-levels-of-analysis-and-explanatory-progress-in-psychology-integrating-frameworks-from-biology-and-cognitive-science-for-a-more-comprehensive-science-of-the-mind-by-al-shawaf-2024
#2
(no author information available yet)
Reports an error in "Levels of analysis and explanatory progress in psychology: Integrating frameworks from biology and cognitive science for a more comprehensive science of the mind" by Laith Al-Shawaf ( Psychological Review , Advanced Online Publication, Jan 22, 2024, np). Incorrect italic formatting was removed throughout the article, and an unnecessary paragraph of text was removed from the "Levels of Analysis and the Branches of Psychology: What Is Needed for a Complete Explanation of a Behavior or Cognitive System?" section...
March 14, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407322/pong-a-computational-model-of-visual-word-recognition-through-bihemispheric-activation
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua Snell
Orthographic processing is an open problem. Decades of visual word recognition research have fueled the development of various theoretical frameworks. Although these frameworks have had good explanatory power, various recent results cannot be satisfactorily captured in any model. In order to account for old and new phenomena alike, here I present a new theory of how the brain computes letter positions. According to PONG (which describes the Positional Ordering of N-Grams ), each hemisphere of the brain comprises a set of mono- and multigram detectors...
February 26, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38386395/prejudice-model-1-0-a-predictive-model-of-prejudice
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric Hehman, Rebecca Neel
The present research develops a predictive model of prejudice. For nearly a century, psychology and other fields have sought to scientifically understand and describe the causes of prejudice. Numerous theories of prejudice now exist. Yet these theories are overwhelmingly defined verbally and thus lack the ability to precisely predict when and to what extent prejudice will emerge. The abundance of theory also raises the possibility of undetected overlap between constructs theorized to cause prejudice. Predictive models enable falsification and provide a way for the field to move forward...
February 22, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38386394/the-gated-cascade-diffusion-model-an-integrated-theory-of-decision-making-motor-preparation-and-motor-execution
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edouard Dendauw, Nathan J Evans, Gordon D Logan, Emmanuel Haffen, Djamila Bennabi, Thibault Gajdos, Mathieu Servant
This article introduces an integrated and biologically inspired theory of decision making, motor preparation, and motor execution. The theory is formalized as an extension of the diffusion model, in which diffusive accumulated evidence from the decision-making process is continuously conveyed to motor areas of the brain that prepare the response, where it is smoothed by a mechanism that approximates a Kalman-Bucy filter. The resulting motor preparation variable is gated prior to reaching agonist muscles until it exceeds a particular level of activation...
February 22, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358717/how-getting-in-sync-is-curative-insights-gained-from-research-in-psychotherapy
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sigal Zilcha-Mano
We are all constantly going in and out of sync with the people we meet in our lives: significant others, incidental encounters, and strangers. Synchrony is a ubiquitous phenomenon, considered an evolution-based mechanism of survival. In recent years, technological development has made it possible to collect much data on synchrony across disciplines. The collected data show great potential to shed light on the benefits of this universal phenomenon. At the same time, mixed results emerged, stressing the need for a theory to navigate research inquiries and discoveries...
February 15, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358716/the-controllosphere-the-neural-origin-of-cognitive-effort
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clay B Holroyd
Why do some mental activities feel harder than others? The answer to this question is surprisingly controversial. Current theories propose that cognitive effort affords a computational benefit, such as instigating a switch from an activity with low reward value to a different activity with higher reward value. By contrast, in this article, I relate cognitive effort to the fact that brain neuroanatomy and neurophysiology render some neural states more energy-efficient than others. I introduce the concept of the "controllosphere," an energy-inefficient region of neural state space associated with high control, which surrounds the better known "intrinsic manifold," an energy-efficient subspace associated with low control...
February 15, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358715/sensory-perception-is-a-holistic-inference-process
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiang Mao, Alan A Stocker
Sensory perception is widely considered an inference process that reflects the best guess of a stimulus feature based on uncertain sensory information. Here we challenge this reductionist view and propose that perception is rather a holistic inference process that operates not only at the feature but jointly across all levels of the representational hierarchy. We test this hypothesis in the context of a commonly used psychophysical matching task in which subjects are asked to report their perceived orientation of a test stimulus by adjusting a probe stimulus (method-of-adjustment)...
February 15, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38300570/disinhibition-account-of-the-conditioned-response-dacr
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Youcef Bouchekioua, Paul Craddock, Nathan M Holmes
Pavlovian conditioning is widely used to study the substrates of learning and memory in the mammalian brain. In a standard protocol, subjects are exposed to pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., a tone) with an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., an electric shock). Subsequent presentations of the CS elicit a range of behaviors that relate to the US (e.g., freezing) showing that animals learned the CS-US relation. However, it is still unclear how neuronal activity pertaining to the CS comes to excite a representation of the US, and thereby, conditioned responses...
February 1, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38252109/levels-of-analysis-and-explanatory-progress-in-psychology-integrating-frameworks-from-biology-and-cognitive-science-for-a-more-comprehensive-science-of-the-mind
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laith Al-Shawaf
Levels of analysis are crucial to the progress of science. They frame the epistemological boundaries of a discipline, chart its explanatory goals, help scientists to avoid needless conflict, and highlight knowledge gaps. Two frameworks in particular, Tinbergen's four questions from biology and Marr's three levels from cognitive science, hold immense potential for psychology. This article proposes ways to integrate the two frameworks and suggests that doing so helps resolve key confusions and unnecessary conflicts in psychology...
January 22, 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38346045/ideonamic-an-integrative-computational-dynamic-model-of-ideomotor-learning-and-effect-based-action-control
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diana Vogel-Blaschka, Wilfried Kunde, Oliver Herbort, Stefan Scherbaum
According to ideomotor theory, actions are represented, controlled, and retrieved in terms of the perceptual effects that these actions experientially engender. When agents perform a motor action, they observe its subsequent perceptual effects and establish action-effect associations. When they want to achieve this effect at a later time, they use the action-effect associations to preactivate the action by internally activating the effect representation. Ideomotor theory has received extensive support in recent years...
January 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38147050/deep-rest-an-integrative-model-of-how-contemplative-practices-combat-stress-and-enhance-the-body-s-restorative-capacity
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra D Crosswell, Stefanie E Mayer, Lauren N Whitehurst, Martin Picard, Sheyda Zebarjadian, Elissa S Epel
Engaging in contemplative practice like meditation, yoga, and prayer, is beneficial for psychological and physical well-being. Recent research has identified several underlying psychological and biological pathways that explain these benefits. However, there is not yet consensus on the underlying overlapping physiological mechanisms of contemplative practice benefits. In this article, we integrate divergent scientific literatures on contemplative practice interventions, stress science, and mitochondrial biology, presenting a unified biopsychosocial model of how contemplative practices reduce stress and promote physical health...
January 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37589706/reconciling-truthfulness-and-relevance-as-epistemic-and-decision-theoretic-utility
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Theodore R Sumers, Mark K Ho, Thomas L Griffiths, Robert D Hawkins
People use language to influence others' beliefs and actions. Yet models of communication have diverged along these lines, formalizing the speaker's objective in terms of either the listener's beliefs or actions. We argue that this divergence lies at the root of a longstanding controversy over the Gricean maxims of truthfulness and relevance. We first bridge the divide by introducing a speaker model which considers both the listener's beliefs (epistemic utility) and their actions (decision-theoretic utility)...
January 2024: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38095937/unique-effects-of-sedatives-dissociatives-psychedelics-stimulants-and-cannabinoids-on-episodic-memory-a-review-and-reanalysis-of-acute-drug-effects-on-recollection-familiarity-and-metamemory
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manoj K Doss, Jason Samaha, Frederick S Barrett, Roland R Griffiths, Harriet de Wit, David A Gallo, Joshua D Koen
Despite distinct classes of psychoactive drugs producing putatively unique states of consciousness, there is surprising overlap in terms of their effects on episodic memory and cognition more generally. Episodic memory is supported by multiple subprocesses that have been mostly overlooked in psychopharmacology and could differentiate drug classes. Here, we reanalyzed episodic memory confidence ratings from 10 previously published data sets (28 drug conditions total) using signal detection models to estimate two conscious states involved in episodic memory and one consciously controlled metacognitive process of memory: autonoetic retrieval of specific details (recollection), noetic recognition absent of retrieved details (familiarity), and retrospective introspection of memory decisions (metamemory)...
December 14, 2023: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38095936/the-relation-between-learning-and-stimulus-response-binding
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Frings, Anna Foerster, Birte Moeller, Bernhard Pastötter, Roland Pfister
Perception and action rely on integrating or binding different features of stimuli and responses. Such bindings are short-lived, but they can be retrieved for a limited amount of time if any of their features is reactivated. This is particularly true for stimulus-response bindings, allowing for flexible recycling of previous action plans. A relation to learning of stimulus-response associations suggests itself, and previous accounts have proposed binding as an initial step of forging associations in long-term memory...
December 14, 2023: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38095935/the-dual-role-of-culture-for-reconstructing-early-sapiens-cognition
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Bender, Larissa Mendoza Straffon, John B Gatewood, Sieghard Beller
Questions on early sapiens cognition, the cognitive abilities of our ancestors, are intriguing but notoriously hard to tackle. Leaving no hard traces in the archeological record, these abilities need to be inferred from indirect evidence, informed by our understanding of present-day cognition. Most of such attempts acknowledge the role that culture, as a faculty, has played for human evolution, but they underrate or even disregard the role of distinct cultural traditions and the ensuing diversity, both in present-day humans and as a dimension of past cognition...
December 14, 2023: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37956061/spatial-versus-graphical-representation-of-distributional-semantic-knowledge
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shufan Mao, Philip A Huebner, Jon A Willits
Spatial distributional semantic models represent word meanings in a vector space. While able to model many basic semantic tasks, they are limited in many ways, such as their inability to represent multiple kinds of relations in a single semantic space and to directly leverage indirect relations between two lexical representations. To address these limitations, we propose a distributional graphical model that encodes lexical distributional data in a graphical structure and uses spreading activation for determining the plausibility of word sequences...
November 13, 2023: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37956060/when-working-memory-may-be-just-working-not-memory
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andre Beukers, Maia Hamin, Kenneth A Norman, Jonathan D Cohen
The N -back task is often considered to be a canonical example of a task that relies on working memory (WM), requiring both maintenance of representations of previously presented stimuli and also processing of these representations. In particular, the set-size effect in this task (e.g., poorer performance on three-back than two-back judgments), as in others, is often interpreted as indicating that the task relies on retention and processing of information in a limited-capacity WM system. Here, we consider an alternative possibility: that retention in episodic memory (EM) rather than WM can account for both set-size and lure effects in the N-back task...
November 13, 2023: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37917445/the-violation-of-expectation-paradigm-a-conceptual-overview
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Margoni, Luca Surian, Renée Baillargeon
For over 35 years, the violation-of-expectation paradigm has been used to study the development of expectations in the first 3 years of life. A wide range of expectations has been examined, including physical, psychological, sociomoral, biological, numerical, statistical, probabilistic, and linguistic expectations. Surprisingly, despite the paradigm's widespread use and the many seminal findings it has contributed to psychological science, so far no one has tried to provide a detailed and in-depth conceptual overview of the paradigm...
November 2, 2023: Psychological Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37917443/probabilistic-origins-of-compositional-mental-representations
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacob Feldman
The representation of complex phenomena via combinations of simple discrete features is a hallmark of human cognition. But it is not clear exactly how (or whether) discrete features can effectively represent the complex probabilistic fabric of the environment. This article introduces information-theoretic tools for quantifying the fidelity and efficiency of a featural representation with respect to a probability model. In this framework, a feature or combination of features is "faithful" to the extent that knowing the value of the features reduces uncertainty about the true state of the world...
November 2, 2023: Psychological Review
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