journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403636/incidence-of-radiation-induced-nausea-and-vomiting-a-prospective-single-institution-pilot-study
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kayo Yoshida, Takashi Hanada, Junichi Fukada, Mariko Kawamura, Naoyuki Shigematsu
Radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) is a frequent adverse event that occurs in patients undergoing radiotherapy. However, research on RINV is underrepresented. This prospective single-institution exploratory pilot study investigated the incidence of RINV according to the irradiation site and observed the efficacy of symptomatic antiemetic treatment in controlling symptoms of RINV. The primary outcomes were the proportions of emesis-free days and nausea-free days. The secondary endpoints included the time to the first episode of RINV, frequency of vomiting, and severity of nausea, including its impact on eating habits and weight loss...
February 23, 2024: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369325/the-cornea-an-ideal-tissue-for-regenerative-medicine
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shigeto Shimmura, Emi Inagaki, Masatoshi Hirayama, Shin Hatou
Regenerative medicine is a highly anticipated field with hopes to provide cures for previously uncurable diseases such as spinal cord injuries and retinal blindness. Most regenerative medical products use either autologous or allogeneic stem cells, which may or may not be genetically modified. The introduction of induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has fueled research in the field, and several iPSC-derived cells/tissues are currently undergoing clinical trials. The cornea is one of the pioneering areas of regenerative medicine, and already four cell therapy products are approved for clinical use in Japan...
February 17, 2024: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522917/elucidation-of-molecular-mechanism-of-the-unfolded-protein-response
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazutoshi Mori
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where newly synthesized secretory and transmembrane proteins are folded and assembled, has the ability to discriminate folded proteins from unfolded proteins and controls the quality of synthesized proteins. Only correctly folded molecules are allowed to move along the secretory pathway, whereas unfolded proteins are retained in the ER.The ER contains a number of molecular chaperones and folding enzymes (ER chaperones hereafter), which assist productive folding of proteins, and therefore newly synthesized proteins usually gain correct tertiary and quaternary structures quite efficiently...
2024: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522916/molecular-basis-of-angiogenesis-and-its-application
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Napoleone Ferrara
Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels, is a fundamental physiological process. In addition, angiogenesis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including cancer and eye disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, identifying the regulators of angiogenesis proved challenging. Numerous factors that stimulated angiogenesis in various bioassays were identified, but their pathophysiological role remained unclear. In 1989, we reported the isolation and cloning of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGF-A) as an endothelial cell-specific mitogen and angiogenic factor...
2024: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38072449/pachyonychia-congenita-project-advancing-research-and-drug-development-through-collaboration
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janice N Schwartz, Holly A Evans, Edel A O'toole, C David Hansen
Pachyonychia Congenita Project (PC Project) is an international patient advocacy organization dedicated to patients who suffer from pachyonychia congenita (PC). This condition is a painful and debilitating skin disorder caused by a mutation in one of five keratin genes: KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16,or KRT17. Through two primary programs, namely the International Pachyonychia Congenita Consortium (IPCC) and the International Pachyonychia Congenita Research Registry (IPCRR), PC Project provides comprehensive patient support and diagnostics while uniting patients, researchers, physicians, and industry partners on a global level to advance research and drug development for meaningful treatments and, ultimately, a cure for PC...
December 8, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38030301/seizure-caused-by-hypocalcemia-as-a-rare-manifestation-in-an-infant-with-eosinophilic-gastroenteritis
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryunosuke Sugimoto, Tomohiro Inoguchi, Aiko Isobe, Sachiko Kaburagi, Masayuki Akashi
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) can occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon. Typical known symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In addition, lesions in the intestinal mucosa may cause weight loss, protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), and other problems. A 6-month-old girl with no previous medical history was brought to our hospital after an afebrile 1-min clonic seizure. Blood tests showed low concentrations of serum calcium and albumin. After the correction of hypocalcemia with gluconic acid, there was no recurrence of seizure...
November 30, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37766547/pachyonychia-congenita-clinical-features-and-future-treatments
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca L Mccarthy, Marianne De Brito, Edel O'toole
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare, autosomal dominant inherited disorder of keratinization that is characterized by a triad of focal palmoplantar keratoderma, plantar pain, and hypertrophic nail dystrophy. It can be debilitating, causing significantly impaired mobility. PC is diagnosed clinically alongside identification of a heterozygous pathogenic mutation in one of five keratin genes: KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16, or KRT17. Each keratin gene mutation is associated with a distinct clinical phenotype, with variable age of onset and additional features, which has allowed classification by genotype...
September 28, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37743529/aseptic-meningitis-after-bnt-162b2-covid-19-vaccination-case-report-and-literature-review
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuji Kato, Takashi Osada, Nobuo Araki, Shinichi Takahashi
We encountered a-27-year-old female patient who developed refractory severe headache and photophobia after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Despite her prior history of migraine, we diagnosed COVID-19 vaccine-induced aseptic meningitis. Symptoms were significantly resolved after methylprednisolone therapy. On reviewing the literature, we could find only nine similar cases, with over half of them affecting women aged 20-40 years. Although uncommon, aseptic meningitis should be suspected in patients with persistent or delayed onset of headache following COVID-19 vaccination...
September 23, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37635082/neurofibromatosis-1-von-recklinghausen-disease
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuichi Yoshida
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is one of the most common neurocutaneous genetic disorders. Loss of function of the NF1 gene results in overactivation of the RAS/MAPK pathway, leading to neurocutaneous manifestations and osseous abnormalities. Because of medical progress, molecular testing for NF1 after genetic counseling is now available in Japan. In addition, revised diagnostic criteria for NF1 were proposed by NF1 experts of an international panel in 2021. Because the overall degree of severity and manifestations in each patient are not predictable, age-specific annual monitoring and patient education by a multidisciplinary team are important for the management of NF1...
August 26, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37612093/current-management-of-chronic-constipation-in-japan
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatsuhiro Masaoka
Constipation is a complicated condition. Chronic constipation is diagnosed when constipation occurs for more than 3 months. Chronic constipation is classified using patient symptoms and the pathophysiology. New therapeutic agents to treat chronic constipation have recently been approved in Japan. However, treatments for constipation that is refractory to traditional laxatives have been approved, an algorithm for the treatment of chronic constipation has not yet been developed. The accumulation of knowledge and data is necessary to develop a new algorithm...
August 22, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37558433/gorlin-syndrome-and-cowden-syndrome
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroyuki Goto, Chiharu Tateishi, Daisuke Tsuruta
Gorlin syndrome and Cowden syndrome are hereditary diseases that are characterized by multiple malignancies, cutaneous symptoms, and various other abnormalities. Both disorders are caused by a mutation of the gene that regulates cell proliferation and growth, resulting in tumorigenesis. Representative mutations are mutation in the patched 1 gene (PTCH1) in Gorlin syndrome and mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene in Cowden syndrome. Making a diagnosis of these diseases in the early years of life is important because detection of malignancies at an early stage is linked to improved prognosis...
August 10, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37532517/tuberous-sclerosis-complex
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mari Wataya-Kaneda
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by systemic hamartomas, neuropsychiatric symptoms known as TAND (TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders), and vitiligo. These symptoms are attributed to the constant activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) caused by genetic mutations in the causative genes TSC1 or TSC2. The elucidation of the pathogenesis of this disease and advances in diagnostic technologies have led to dramatic changes in the diagnosis and treatment of TSC...
August 2, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37460327/senso-immunology-the-emerging-connection-between-pain-and-immunity
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kenta Maruyama
The sensory and immune systems have been studied independently for a long time, whereas the interaction between the two has received little attention. We have carried out research to understand the interaction between the sensory and immune systems and have found that inflammation and bone destruction caused by fungal infection are suppressed by nociceptors. Furthermore, we have elucidated the molecular mechanism whereby fungal receptors are expressed on nociceptors and skin epithelium, how they cooperate to generate fungal pain, and how colitis and bone metabolism are regulated by mechanosensors expressed on the gut epithelium...
July 15, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37407443/molecular-basis-of-hereditary-hair-diseases
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yutaka Shimomura
The hair follicle is an appendage of the skin that undergoes hair cycles throughout life. Recently, numerous genes expressed in the hair follicles have been identified, and variants in some of these genes are now known to underlie hereditary hair diseases in humans. Hereditary hair diseases are classified into non-syndromic and syndromic forms. In the Japanese population, the non-syndromic form of autosomal recessive woolly hair, which is caused by founder pathogenic variants in the lipase H (LIPH) gene, is the most prevalent hereditary hair disease...
July 4, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37380461/recent-advances-in-clinical-research-on-rare-intractable-hereditary-skin-diseases-in-japan
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masashi Akiyama, Takuya Takeichi, Shigaku Ikeda, Akira Ishiko, Michiko Kurosawa, Hiroyuki Murota, Yutaka Shimomura, Tamio Suzuki, Katsuto Tamai, Akio Tanaka, Tadashi Terui, Masayuki Amagai
Our Research Group for Rare and Intractable Skin Diseases operates within the Project for Research on Intractable Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan and is conducting research on eight rare intractable skin diseases. Five of these are monogenic disorders (epidermolysis bullosa, congenital ichthyoses, oculocutaneous albinism, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and hereditary angioedema), and for a sixth [generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP)], genetic predisposing factors are important. This review introduces our activities for raising public awareness of these six intractable hereditary skin diseases and summarizes our recent achievements in clarifying the situation of medical treatments for these diseases in Japan...
June 29, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36908132/network-approaches-to-uncover-pathogenesis-and-therapeutic-targets-of-inflammatory-bowel-diseases
#16
REVIEW
Yohei Mikami, Takanori Kanai
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are currently recognized to involve chronic intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals. Patients with IBD mainly develop gastrointestinal inflammation, but it is sometimes accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations such as arthritis, erythema nodosum, episcleritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, uveitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. These clinical aspects imply the importance of interorgan networks in IBD. In the gastrointestinal tract, immune cells are influenced by multiple local environmental factors including microbiota, dietary environment, and intercellular networks, which further alter molecular networks in immune cells...
June 25, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37271519/targeting-dna-methylation-in-podocytes-to-overcome-chronic-kidney-disease
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaori Hayashi
The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise worldwide, and there is urgent need for the development of effective plans against the increasing incidence of CKD. Podocytes, glomerular epithelial cells, are an integral part of the primary filtration unit of the kidney and form a slit membrane as a barrier to prevent proteinuria. The role of podocytes in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD is now recognized. Podocyte function depends on a specialized morphology with the arranged foot processes, which is directly related to their function...
June 3, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36948612/multiple-mutations-within-individual-oncogenes-examples-and-clinical-implications
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keisuke Kataoka, Yuki Saito
Gain-of-function mutations had been believed to function as a single mutation in oncogenes, although some secondary mutations, such as EGFR T790M mutations, are frequently acquired in patients that are resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Recently, we and other investigators have reported that multiple mutations (MMs) frequently occur in the same oncogene before any therapy. In a recent pan-cancer study, we identified 14 pan-cancer oncogenes (such as PIK3CA and EGFR) and 6 cancer type-specific oncogenes that are significantly affected by MMs...
March 21, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36740273/clinical-complete-response-of-recurrent-gastric-cancer-after-third-line-cpt-11-chemotherapy
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masato Hayashi, Takeshi Fujita, Hisayuki Matsushita
A 75-year-old man underwent distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in September 2018. During the adjuvant chemotherapy, computed tomography (CT) revealed recurrence sites in the liver and para-aortic lymph nodes. Therefore, chemotherapy was initiated. After first-line (capecitabine with oxaliplatin) and second-line (paclitaxel with ramucirumab) treatments, nivolumab was used as third-line chemotherapy. This treatment showed a strong effect against the tumor. However, following an immune-related adverse effect (irAE) because of nivolumab, the therapy was halted...
February 4, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36740272/pupil-dynamics-derived-sleep-stage-classification-of-a-head-fixed-mouse-using-a-recurrent-neural-network
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Goh Kobayashi, Kenji F Tanaka, Norio Takata
The standard method for sleep state classification is thresholding the amplitudes of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data, followed by manual correction by an expert. Although popular, this method has some shortcomings: (1) the time-consuming manual correction by human experts is sometimes a bottleneck hindering sleep studies, (2) EEG electrodes on the skull interfere with wide-field imaging of the cortical activity of a head-fixed mouse under a microscope, (3) invasive surgery to fix the electrodes on the thin mouse skull risks brain tissue injury, and (4) metal electrodes for EEG and EMG recording are difficult to apply to some experimental apparatus such as that for functional magnetic resonance imaging...
February 4, 2023: Keio Journal of Medicine
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