Journal of Psychiatric Research

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of music intervention on perinatal depressive symptoms (PDS), especially the effectiveness of specific aspects of the intervention. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music intervention and explore the role of different intervention features. METHODS: Six databases were searched from inception to May 21, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of music intervention on PDS...

BACKGROUND: Objective diagnostic approaches need to be tested to enhance the efficacy of depression detection. Non-invasive EEG-based identification represents a promising area. AIMS: The present EEG study addresses two central questions: 1) whether inner or overt speech condition result in higher diagnositc accuracy of depression detection; and 2) does the affective nature of the presented emotion words count in such diagnostic approach. METHODS: A matched case-control sample consisting of 10 depressed subjects and 10 healthy controls was assessed...

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons have been found to substantially associate with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) pathology, however, whether and how these DA neurons affect fear memory management in PTSD individuals remains largely unknown. In this study, we utilized auditory conditioned foot-shock to evaluate the fear memory retrieval and retention characteristics in a single prolonged stress-induced PTSD rat model. We employed chemogenetic technology to specifically activate VTA DA neurons to examine the freezing behaviors responding to the conditioned stimuli...

BACKGROUND: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) represent a diverse class of medications widely prescribed for depression and anxiety. Despite their common use, there is an absence of large-scale, real-world evidence capturing the heterogeneity in their effects on individuals. This study addresses this gap by utilizing naturalistic search data to explore the varied impact of six different SSRIs on user behavior. METHODS: The study sample included ∼508 thousand Bing users with searches for one of six SSRIs (citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline) from April-December 2022, comprising 510 million queries...

Verbal fluency (VF) has been proposed as a putative neurocognitive endophenotype in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, this hypothesis has not been examined using a longitudinal family approach. We conducted a five-group, comparative study. The sample comprised 323 adult participants, including 81 BD patients, 47 unaffected relatives of BD BD-Rel), 76 SZ patients, 40 unaffected relatives of SZ (SZ-Rel), and 79 genetically unrelated healthy controls (HC). All subjects were assessed twice with semantic VF (sem-VF) and phonological VF (ph-VF) tests over a 2-year follow-up period...

Coronaphobia represents the fears and phobias attributed to the COVID-19 virus and pandemic. The COVID-19 Phobia Scale, previously validated as a four-factor structure, is a widely used multidimensional measure to assess coronaphobia. The current study scrutinized various competing factor structures of this instrument to identify the optimal psychometric representation of coronaphobia. Adults (N = 412) ranging in age from 19 to 84 years completed the COVID-19 Phobia Scale. Several theoretically plausible factor structures of coronaphobia were tested and compared using confirmatory factor analysis: four-factor structure, one-factor structure, higher-order factor structure, and five-factor bifactor structure...

Disturbed sleep is a common feature after exposure to a traumatic event, especially when PTSD develops. However, although there is evidence suggesting a potential role of sleep disturbance in the progression of PTSD symptoms, the interrelationship between sleep and PTSD symptoms has yet to be determined. In order to address this knowledge gap, we have investigated the influence of initial sleep characteristics on the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over 4 years of follow-up among individuals exposed to the Brazilian Kiss nightclub fire...

The evaluation of the effects of architecture and design in psychiatric hospitals primarily focuses on final outcomes, such as disease progression, and is made from the perspective of evidence-based medicine. Meanwhile, the evidence-informed, realist approach addresses how the intervention works. Understanding the underlying action mechanisms of the intervention is needed to facilitate its scaling-up and adaptation in new environments. This umbrella review reports in which ways architecture and design have an effect on patients' and staff experience in inpatient psychiatric hospital...

Strict social isolation and physical distancing measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic had significant implications for the psychological well-being of middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with depressive symptoms during the pandemic period among individuals who reported no significant depressive symptoms before the pandemic. Individuals from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging without a previous report of significant depressive symptoms across Waves 6 (2016) and 7 (2018) were investigated for the development of depressive symptoms in Wave 8 (2020)...

OBJECTIVE: Depression is a global health challenge, but only a few studies have fully assessed and predicted the disease burden. This study described the trend of global depression burden from 1990 to 2019 through age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized disability-adjusted life rate (ASDR), and predicted the number of cases of depression during 2020-2030. METHODS: Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the age-standardized rates...

OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with an unclear etiopathogenesis. This study investigates the plasma G72 protein levels in drug-naive schizophrenia patients (DNS), those in acute psychotic episodes (AES), and healthy controls (HC). It also examines the correlation between the plasma G72 protein levels and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. METHODS: The study included 138 schizophrenia patients (84 DNS, 54 AES) and 83 HCs...

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is an emerging intervention that has been used to treat various mental illnesses. However, previous studies have not comprehensively compared the efficacies of various NIBS modalities in alleviating anxiety symptoms among patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of NIBS for patients with GAD...

Reinforcement sensitivity is a hypothesized attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) intermediate phenotype but its role in transgenerational transmission of ADHD-linked psychopathology risk is largely unknown. We examined, in a carefully phenotyped, N = 123 sample of adolescents (Mage  = 15.27 years, SD = 0.984; 61.78% boys), whether (1) parental psychopathology is differentially associated with fMRI-indexed neural response to reward receipt and (2) both maternal and paternal psychopathology are associated with neural response to reward; across adolescents at-risk for and not at-risk for ADHD...

Substance use disorder (SUD) treatment completion was intertwined with various factors. However, few studies have explored the intersections of psychosocial and system-related factors with SUD treatment completion, particularly for individuals receiving publicly funded SUD treatment services. This study aimed to examine the intersections of these factors with treatment completion. We analyzed the psycho-social assessment data of 2909 young adults who participated in publicly funded outpatient-based substance use treatments in 2021...

Trauma type moderates the impact of trauma exposure on clinical symptomatology; however, the impact of trauma type on the neural correlates of emotion regulation is not as well understood. This study examines how violent and nonviolent trauma differentially influence the neural correlates of conditioned fear and extinction. We aggregated psychophysiological and fMRI data from three studies; we categorized reported trauma as violent or nonviolent, and subdivided violent trauma as sexual or nonsexual. We examined skin conductance responses (SCR) during a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm...

BACKGROUND: Accurately predicting the probability of aggressive behavior is crucial for guiding early intervention in patients with mood disorders. METHODS: Cox stepwise regression was conducted to identify potential influencing factors. Nomogram prediction models were constructed to predict the probabilities of aggressive behavior in patients with mood disorders, and their performance was assessed using consistency index (C-index) and calibration plots. RESULTS: Research findings on 321 patients with mood disorders indicated that being older (HR = 0...

BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is a prevalent issue resulting from loud noise exposure, aging, diseases, and genetic differences. As individuals age, the likelihood of experiencing hearing loss and depression escalates; yet, the link between hearing loss and the risk of depression remains ambiguous. This study explores the relationship between hearing and depression risk, taking into account sociodemographic and health-related factors. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2018, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted, focusing on adult participants...

Monozygotic twins share the same genotype; however, they can be phenotypically discordant on various traits. Studying discordant monozygotic twins allows the investigation of differences in associations between symptoms and psychopathological risk factors, controlled for shared genetic liability. The network approach to psychopathology suggests that depressive symptoms, along with risk and protective factors (e.g., cognition, daily activities), form a complex system of mutually interacting components. We compared monozygotic twins discordant for lifetime depression on their respective extended networks of depressive symptoms, cognitive functions and daily activities (intellectual, physical, social), and evaluated if these networks differ in their associations between variables and in the role of each variable within the network...

BACKGROUND: Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (Hb-tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that utilizes low-intensity electric currents delivered via scalp electrodes to modulate brain activity. It holds significant promise for addressing inattention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, its effectiveness varies among individuals, and predicting outcomes remains uncertain, partially due to the influence of individual differences in ADHD-related brain anatomy...

The role of cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity (CC-FC) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its trajectory post-pharmacotherapy, and its potential as a prognostic biomarker and genetic mechanism remain uncertain. To address these gaps, this study included 37 drug-naive OCD patients and 37 healthy controls (HCs). Participants underwent baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), followed by four weeks of paroxetine treatment for patients with OCD, and another fMRI scan post-treatment. We examined seed-based CC-FC differences between the patients and HCs, and pre- and post-treatment patients...