journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491781/an-evaluation-of-the-cannabinoid-content-of-the-liquid-and-thermal-degradation-analysis-of-cannabis-labeled-vape-liquids
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Moreno, Ashley Trouten-Ebert, Lauren L Richards-Waugh, Rosalynn Quiñones
Cannabidiol (CBD) vape pen usage has been on the rise given the changing political and scientific climate as well as the promotion of these delivery systems as a more accessible and lower-risk option for consumers. Despite being marketed as a safer way to use cannabis, CBD vape liquids are sold without restrictions or meticulous quality control procedures such as toxicological and clinical assessment, standards for product preservation, or investigative degradation analyses. Nine CBD-labeled vape liquid samples purchased and manufactured in the United States were evaluated and assessed for cannabinoid content...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491780/development-research-of-latent-fingermarks-based-on-aggregation-induced-emission-technique
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuai Liang, Shu-Hui Gao
Fingerprints hold evidential value for individual identification; a sensitive, efficient, and convenient method for visualizing latent fingermarks (LFMs) is of great importance in the field of crime scene investigation. In this study, we proposed an aggregation-induced emission atomization technique (AIE-AT) to obtain high-quality fingermark images. Six volunteers made over 1566 fingerprint samples on 17 different objects. The quality of fingermark development was evaluated using grayscale analysis for quantitative assessment, combining the fluency of fingermark ridges and the degree of level 2 and level 3 features...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491762/the-influence-of-altitude-on-the-abundance-and-occurrence-of-species-of-the-family-calliphoridae-diptera-in-corpses-in-a-mediterranean-area
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María Pérez-Marcos, Laura Ruiz-Franco, Mª Dolores García, Elena López-Gallego, Mª Isabel Arnaldos
A carcass is defined as a temporary resource that can support high levels of diversity compared to other resources. The level of diversity often depends on the environmental conditions in which the corpse is found. Calliphoridae (Diptera) are the most important necrophagous insects used in forensic investigations because this family is common, widespread, abundant, and usually the first to colonize a corpse. However, understanding the processes responsible for variation in calliphorid species abundance and richness along gradients in ecology remains a key challenge...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491758/postmortem-chondrocyte-viability-in-porcine-articular-cartilage-influence-of-time-temperature-and-burial-under-winter-conditions
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marko Cvetko, Tanja Knific, Robert Frangež, Helena Motaln, Boris Rogelj, Armin Alibegović, Mitja Gombač
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of time, temperature, and burial in a natural environment on the viability of chondrocytes in porcine femoral condyles using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Hind trotters from 10 pigs were buried or left unburied. Samples were collected daily and stained with a combination of vital dyes (calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer-1). The chondrocytes showed an intense staining corresponding to their vitality. In the first 3 days, viability decreased slowly and showed no statistical difference between buried and unburied samples...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481368/is-it-really-possible-to-kill-with-insulin-without-leaving-traces-from-lifesaver-to-killer-the-issues-surrounding-the-analytical-characterization-of-postmortem-insulin-illustrated-by-an-exemplary-case
#5
Nadia Arbouche, Audrey Farrugia, Laurie Gheddar, Alice Ameline, Adeline Blanchot, Jean-Sébastien Raul, Pascal Kintz
Evidence of an insulin overdose is very complicated in the medico-legal field. The analysis and subsequent interpretation of results is complex, especially when treating postmortem blood samples. The instability of insulin, the special pre-analytical conditions and the absence of specific analytical methods has led most laboratories not to analyze insulin in their routine with a consequent underestimation of cases. This paper aims to assess the difficulties associated with the analytical characterization of insulin by describing a case that typically represents most of the inconveniences encountered following a suspected insulin overdose...
March 14, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443323/forensic-analysis-of-ios-binary-cookie-files
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hudan Studiawan
iPhone operating system (iOS) devices utilize binary cookies as a data storage tool, encoding user-specific information within an often-neglected element of smartphone analysis. This binary format contains details such as cookie flags, expiration, and creation dates, domain, and value of the cookie. These data are invaluable for forensic investigations. This study presents a comprehensive methodology to decode and extract valuable data from these files, enhancing the ability to recover user activity information from iOS devices...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415957/the-effect-of-the-anti-coagulant-edta-on-the-deposition-and-adhesion-of-whole-blood-deposits-on-non-porous-substrates
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deborah A Hughes, Roland A H van Oorschot, Bianca Szkuta, Xavier A Conlan
An investigation into whether the addition of a commonly used anti-coagulant agent like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has an impact on the adhesion potential of blood to non-porous substrates was conducted. Two non-porous substrates (aluminum and polypropylene) exhibiting six different surface roughness categories (R1-R6) were used as test substrates upon which either whole blood or blood treated with EDTA was deposited. Samples were exposed to different drying periods (24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week) before undergoing a tapping agitation experiment in order to evaluate the adhesion to the surface...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415845/targeted-enrichment-of-whole-genome-snps-from-highly-burned-skeletal-remains
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew V Emery, Katelyn Bolhofner, Laure Spake, Suhail Ghafoor, Cyril J Versoza, Erin M Rawls, Stevie Winingear, Jane E Buikstra, Odile Loreille, Laura C Fulginiti, Anne C Stone
Genetic assessment of highly incinerated and/or degraded human skeletal material is a persistent challenge in forensic DNA analysis, including identifying victims of mass disasters. Few studies have investigated the impact of thermal degradation on whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) quality and quantity using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We present whole-genome SNP data obtained from the bones and teeth of 27 fire victims using two DNA extraction techniques. Extracts were converted to double-stranded DNA libraries then enriched for whole-genome SNPs using unpublished biotinylated RNA baits and sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq 550 platform...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38406861/evaluation-of-porcine-decomposition-and-total-body-score-tbs-in-a-central-european-temperate-forest
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lara Indra, Stephanie Giles, Clara Alfsdotter, David Errickson, Sandra Lösch
The total body score (TBS) is a visual scoring method to scale the succession of decomposition stages. It compares decomposition between cadavers, to connect it with external taphonomic factors and estimate the post-mortem interval. To study decomposition in various climatic environments, pigs are often used as human proxies. Currently, there is one TBS system by Keough et al. (J Forensic Sci. 2017;62:986) for surface-deposited domestic pigs, coming from South Africa. Our study aims to evaluate this method and analyze porcine decomposition in Central Europe to inform forensic research and casework...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38402545/dna-recovery-after-sequential-processing-of-latent-fingerprints-on-black-polyethylene-plastic
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abigail S Bathrick, Sarah Norsworthy, Dane T Plaza, Mallory N McCormick, Donia Slack, Robert S Ramotowski
Latent fingerprints on plastic substrates can be visualized by using sequential treatments to enhance the contrast between the fingerprint residues and underlying substrate; however, the extent to which these processes affect subsequent DNA analysis is mostly unknown. Latent fingerprints deposited on black plastic by one donor were visualized with single-process fingerprint powders (i.e., white powder, bichromatic powder, or bichromatic magnetic powder) or sequential treatments (i.e., laser → reflected ultraviolet imaging system (RUVIS) → CA fuming → RUVIS → Rhodamine 6G, Ardrox, and MBD (RAM) or CA fuming → RAM/laser → bichromatic magnetic powder)...
February 25, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38402540/gabapentin-in-drugged-driving-investigations
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jolene J Bierly, Ayako Chan-Hosokawa
The increasing use and misuse of gabapentin pose a major risk to public health and traffic safety. Gabapentin has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1993 for adjunctive therapy in the treatment of epilepsy and neuralgia but is increasingly being prescribed for numerous off-label uses including insomnia, anxiety, depression, and migraine. Reported side effects include blurred vision, drowsiness, and loss of coordination. Driving behaviors such as exiting the lane of travel and crashes have been reported in connection to drugged driving investigations concerning gabapentin...
February 25, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38402526/use-of-thermal-drone-in-detection-and-assessment-of-larval-mass-temperature-in-decomposed-rabbit-carcasses
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohd Daud, Chong Chin Heo, Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof, Lay See Khoo, Mansharan Kaur Chainchel Singh, Mohd Shah Mahmood, Muhammad Dzulfiqri Bin Muhammad Nasir, Hapizah Nawawi
Manual ground searches and cadaver dogs are traditional methods for locating remains, but they can be time- and resource-intensive, resulting in the decomposition of bodies and delay in victim identification. Therefore, thermal imaging has been proposed as a potentially useful tool for detecting remains based on their temperature. This study investigated the potential of a novel search technique of thermal drones to detect surface remains through the detection of maggot mass temperatures. Two trials were carried out at Selangor, Malaysia, each utilizing 12 healthy male Oryctolagus cuniculus European white rabbits and DJI Matrice 300 RTK drone China, equipped with a thermal camera; Zenmuse H20T to record the thermal imaging footage of the carcasses at various heights (15, 30, 60-100 m) for 14 days for each trial...
February 25, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389439/prescription-eyeglasses-as-a-forensic-physical-evidence-prediction-of-age-based-on-refractive-error-measures-using-machine-learning-algorithm
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maram Atef Moustafa, Sara Attia Ghitani, Marwa Abdelfattah Kholief, Bassam Ahmed El-Sayed Abulnoor, MennattAllah Hassan Attia
Refractive errors (RE) are commonly reported visual impairment problems worldwide. Previous clinical studies demonstrated age-related changes in human eyes. We hypothesized that the binocular RE metrics including sphere and cylinder power, axis orientation, and interpupillary distance (IPD) can be used for forensic age estimation of an unknown individual. RE data of both eyes were collected from the clinical optometric exams and prescription glasses of 2027 Egyptian individuals aged between 2 to 93 years...
February 23, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38380584/cell-counting-to-monitor-swab-efficiency
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madison Nolan, Adrian Linacre
Plastic bags, such as ziplock bags, have been used to transport illicit materials worldwide; however, very few studies have tried to optimize the recovery of DNA from these items. This study reports on the best combination of swabs and moistening solution for the greatest recovery of cellular material from ziplock bags. Five swabs, two different variations of Copan Diagnostics nylon 4N6FLOQSwabs, one Medical Wire rayon DRYSWAB, one IsoHelix rayon swab, and one Livingstone cotton swab, were evaluated with two moistening solutions, Triton X-100 in either distilled water or isopropanol...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379244/ant-bite-artifacts-in-a-case-of-hanging
#15
Siva Sai Kumar Pulagura, Devendra Jadav, Vikas P Meshram, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Tanuj Kanchan
Artifacts produced by postmortem animal scavenging are commonly encountered at autopsy. Knowledge of the pattern of artifacts produced by postmortem animal scavenging is essential for the correct interpretation of the autopsy finding. In household deaths, such artifacts are usually caused by domestic animals and by small insects such as flies, ants, beetles, etc. Ants are one of the early scavengers which feed on the dead bodies. The artifacts produced by the postmortem ant activity are usually superficial and non-bleeding type...
February 20, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379159/systematic-study-of-a-method-to-determine-the-sequence-of-crossing-lines-on-stamping-before-writing
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiang Wu
Determining specific line-crossing sequences has always posed a challenge for document examiners. Interactions between pen ink and stamp seal ink can be complicated and changeable due to the many seals and writing inks available in the market. This study determines the line-crossing sequence of stamping before writing by observing the influence of seal ink on pen writing. The results of examining four types of pens and six types of seal ink crossings reveal that assessing the completeness of writing strokes can determine sequencing...
February 20, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366747/quantitative-color-analysis-of-burned-bone-to-predict-dna-quantity-quality-and-genotyping-success
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric Macias, Kendall Hartline, Patrick Buzzini, Sheree Hughes
Badly burned skeletal remains are commonly submitted to forensic laboratories for victim identification via DNA analysis methods. Burned skeletal remains present many challenges for DNA analysis as they can contain low amounts of DNA which can also be damaged and degraded, resulting in partial or no STR profiles. Therefore, a simple, but effective screening method that identifies which samples may provide the most successful STR or mtDNA typing results for identification would enable forensic laboratories to save time, money, and resources...
February 17, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362955/discrimination-between-right-and-left-handed-writers-based-on-sister-lines
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roxane Miéville, Raymond Marquis, Williams Mazzella
Forensic document examiners are often confronted with questioned documents written with ballpoint pens. Depending on the force applied (or pressure) as well as the angle between the pen and the surface, sister lines running parallel to the inked strokes can be left by the lip of the housing ball. In a real case, sister lines were observed on the left side of inked strokes of a questioned signature. To assess whether the writer of that signature was a left-handed or a right-handed writer based on this result, an experimental study was carried out...
February 16, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362839/screening-of-volatiles-from-explosive-initiators-and-plastic-bonded-explosives-pbx-using-headspace-solid-phase-microextraction-coupled-with-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-spme-gc-ms
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexis J Hecker, John V Goodpaster
The detection of explosives and explosive devices based on the volatile compounds they emit is a long-standing tool for law enforcement and physical security. Toward that end, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has become a crucial analytical tool for the identification of volatiles emitted by explosives. Previous SPME studies have identified many volatile compounds emitted by common explosive formulations that serve as the main charge in explosive devices...
February 16, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362738/an-improved-simon-reaction-method-to-discriminate-between-methamphetamine-and-false-positive-substances
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Koichi Saito, Yusuke Mamiya, Marie Kawakami, Rie Ito
The conventional methamphetamine (MA) detection method using the Simon reaction can be affected by false positives owing to compounds similar to aliphatic secondary amines. In this study, we examined the new Simon reaction to improve the qualitative accuracy of MA detection to discriminate substances that give false positives in a conventional Simon reaction. After the conventional Simon reaction for MA and false positives (N-isopropylbenzylamine (NIP-BA), N-methylbenzylamine (NMe-BA), L-proline (Pro), and L-hydroxyproline (HYP)), which are colored blue, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (t-Boc) reagent was added, and color tone changes were observed...
February 16, 2024: Journal of Forensic Sciences
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