American Journal of Veterinary Research

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the concentration of gentamicin in the lower airways and serum of healthy spontaneously breathing dogs after nebulization with 5% undiluted gentamicin during 3 versus 10 minutes. ANIMALS: 10 healthy experimental Beagles. METHODS: This was a prospective crossover study. A standardized bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedure was performed in each dog after 1 week of administration of each of 2 different gentamicin nebulization protocols separated by a 1-week washout period...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fecal bacterial microbiota at the time of diagnosis (T0) and after 1 month of therapy (T1) in cats diagnosed with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) or cats with low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL) and to compare these findings with those of healthy cats. ANIMALS: 5 healthy cats, 13 cats with LPE, and 7 cats with LGITL were prospectively enrolled between June 2020 and June 2021. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected at T0 and T1, and DNA was extracted for 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate selected gastrointestinal side effects of high-concentration buprenorphine (HCB) in healthy rabbits. ANIMALS: 10 healthy New Zealand White rabbits ranging in body weight between 3.0 and 3.8 kg. METHODS: Eight, 6-month-old, New Zealand White rabbits received a single injection of HCB SC (0.24 mg/kg). The rabbits were previously randomized to receive SC and oral saline as a control. Two rabbits received saline for the purpose of blinding the outcome assessors...

OBJECTIVE: To identify metabolites and metabolic pathways affected in dogs with struvite and calcium oxalate urolithiasis compared to healthy dogs. To explore the candidate urinary biomarkers to distinguish dogs with struvite and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. ANIMALS: 13 dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis, 7 dogs with struvite urolithiasis, and 13 healthy dogs were recruited between September 2021 and January 2023. METHODS: Metabolomic profiles were analyzed from urine samples using UPLC-MS MS...

OBJECTIVE: Feline infectious peritonitis is fatal, and due to lack of approved treatments, unregulated antiviral drugs are used to treat this disease. This study set out to determine the purity of various batches of these drugs from several companies, characterize them, and note any impurities or other unusual characteristics. We also developed a method to qualitatively assess the primary components before administration. SAMPLES: We tested 30 vials from 17 brands of GS-441524 and 5 vials from 1 brand of GC376...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a chemical restraint with isoflurane compared to a physical restraint in hemogram values in psittacines. ANIMALS: 21 adult lilac-crowned parrots (Amazona finschi). METHODS: Subjects were physically restrained for blood sample collection, after this isoflurane anesthesia was administered for 30 minutes at which time a second blood sample was taken. Hemogram values were compared between both samples using a t test in variables with normal distribution and a Wilcoxon test in variables without normal distribution...

OBJECTIVE: The first objective was to determine if the sample collection method (naturally voided vs digital rectal examination collection) affected fecal occult blood test (FOBT) results. The second objective was to assess the ability of human fecal hemoglobin immunochemical tests to detect canine and feline blood. ANIMALS: 308 privately owned dogs, healthy and sick. METHODS: Guaiac FOBTs were performed on paired voided and rectally obtained canine fecal samples...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical One Health concern with implications for human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), antimicrobial resistance testing (ART), and surveillance practices must be harmonized across One Health sectors to ensure consistent detection and reporting practices. Veterinary diagnostic laboratory stewardship, clinical outcomes studies, and training for current and future generations of veterinarians and laboratorians are necessary to minimize the spread of AMR and move veterinary medicine forward into an age of better antimicrobial use practices...

OBJECTIVE: To report indications, outcomes, and complications with a precontoured angle-stable interlocking nail (CAS-ILN). ANIMALS: 90 client-owned animals. METHODS: Dogs and cats treated with the CAS-ILN between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Collected data included body weight, fracture configuration, percentage of medullary canal filled, limb alignment, complications, and follow-up. Favorable outcomes were defined when full functional restoration was observed...

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SC methadone in four-toed hedgehogs. ANIMALS: 9 to 12 healthy adult four-toed hedgehogs (7 to 9 males and 3 females). METHODS: Hedgehogs underwent 3 randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, complete crossover studies. Hind limb withdrawal latencies in response to an acute thermal noxious stimulus were measured to evaluate the antinociceptive efficacy of methadone. Single doses of SC methadone were evaluated at 0...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the lowest effective dose of commercially available nanoparticulate silver (AgNP) for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), in vitro, and to establish the effect of incorporating AgNP into carriers for sustained release on this antibacterial activity. SAMPLES: Silver nanoparticle dispersion (0.02 mg/mL) composed of citrate-stabilized, spherical, 10 nm diameter nanoparticles in aqueous buffer...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of transfusion of Rhodococcus equi hyperimmune plasma (REHIP) on serum concentrations of complement component 1q (C1q) and to examine the association of serum C1q and anti-rhodococcal antibodies of newborn foals with subsequent development of rhodococcal pneumonia. ANIMALS/SAMPLES: Foals (n = 205) from 2 Thoroughbred breeding farms in New York transfused with REHIP between January 1, 2022, and December 1, 2022. PROCEDURES: Blood was collected immediately before transfusion with REHIP and again from the contralateral vein immediately after transfusion...

OBJECTIVE: To develop breed-specific echocardiographic values for normal Borzoi and to report the prevalence of structural cardiac abnormalities. ANIMALS: 146 clinically healthy, adult Borzoi dogs. METHODS: Cardiac auscultation and standard echocardiograms were performed. Longitudinal follow-up was described in a subset of dogs (n = 25). RESULTS: Most Borzoi were structurally normal (119/146, 81.5%), with breed-specific echocardiographic values generated independently for each sex, as females weighed significantly less than males (30...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dose effect of peri-neural liposomal bupivacaine (LB) in an induced forelimb lameness model. ANIMALS: 12 clinically normal adult horses. METHODS: A randomized cross-over design was performed with 1 limb receiving saline and the other LB: low dose (6), high dose (6). Lameness was induced in 1 forelimb using a frog-pressure model. In the lame limb, peri-neural injection of the palmar nerves at the proximal sesamoid bones was performed using saline, low dose LB (0...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the acquisition and pitfalls of a 3-view transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) protocol in anesthetized, dorsally recumbent dogs. ANIMALS: 8 beagles, 1 to 2 years old, 7.4 to 11.2 kg. METHODS: Dogs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and placed in dorsal recumbency. A TEE probe was advanced, and 3 views were performed: midesophageal 4-chamber and long axis (ME 4C and ME LAX) and caudal esophageal short axis (CE SAX) at the level of the papillary muscles...