Folia Medica Cracoviensia

There are mixed findings on the association of hypertension or gastrointestinal bleed (GIB) with mortality in COVID-19 patients but no research on the combination of both hypertension and GIB with mortality in COVID-19 patients. We study in COVID-19 patients the association of hypertension and GIB with mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), vasopressor use, and/or mechanical ventilation. This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients who were categorized into groups of no GIB/no hypertension (n = 653), yes hypertension/no GIB (n = 1,620), yes GIB/no hypertension (n = 104), or yes GIB/yes hypertension (n = 334)...

Anatomical nomenclature commonly does not follow changes in the clinical language and demands. Therefore we tried to explain the pelvic relationships based on the changes that occur in the pelvis as well as to compare different nomenclatural strategies used in every day language. Courses of fasciae in the male and female pelvis are also considered.

The urachus is a tubular structure that is apparent on the third week and connects the ventral cloaca to the yolk sac, as a progression from the allantois. Following the normal regression procedure, the urachus remains as the median umbilical ligament. Urachal remnants are present in 1.03% of paediatric patients while in 92.5% of cases represent incidental findings. Urachal anomalies are classified in four types as patent urachus (50-52%), urachal sinus (15%), urachal cyst (30%) and urachal diverticulum (3-5%)...

BACKGROUND: The skills and attitudes of medical staff affect the quality of the healthcare system, hence the study of academic motivation and quality of life of medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 203 students of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. Academic motivation was assessed using the Academic Motivation Scale and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. Academic Motivation Scale is based on the Self-Determination Theory, which distinguishes several dimensions of motivation arranged along self-determination continuum from amotivation, through extrinsic, controllable motivation, to intrinsic, autonomous motivation...

The heat-shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) is one of small heat-shock proteins that play an important role in cell functioning by promoting correct folding of other proteins. The HSPB1 mutations are known to cause distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy type 2B (dHMN2B) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F (CMT2F). More than 30 different mutations in the HSPB1 have been found in patients with CMT2F and dHMN2B. There are cases of the Thr151Ile HSPB1 mutation described in 4 countries: Croatia, Japan, France and Poland...

Epididymal cysts are benign cystic formations of the epididymis that usually appear in adolescence or early adulthood. Their frequency doubles after the age of 14-15. Obstruction in the epididymal efferent ductules with subsequent prostenotic dilatation of them, as well as dysgenesis due to hormonal disorders during fetal or postnatal life, are possible. At the 1st Department of Pediatric Surgery of A.U.Th. we treated 11 cases of boys at the age of 11-16 who presented with acute scrotum because of an epididymal cyst...

INTRODUCTION: Patient Targeted Googling (PTG) is not a new phenomenon, but in Poland - according to the information available to the authors - there has been no research in this area among nurses and midwives. The above-mentioned activity is associated with many doubts and concerns of legal and ethical issues, and therefore there is a need to explore it. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PTG among nurses and midwives in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study conducted among 300 working nurses and midwives used a diagnostic survey based on the author's survey questionnaire...

The paper presents an anatomical study involving rare variations in the pterygospinous bridges found in Mongolian skulls. These structures extend between the lateral pterygoid plate and the sphenoid spine. Particularly interesting is the division of these bridges into two distinct parts of the similar length. The junctions within these structures resemble morphological patterns characteristic for the plain and zigzag sutures, which articulate the cranial bones.

BACKGROUND: The Valsalva Maneuver (VM) is the first-line treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, but a recent, novel, and efficient tool to restore sinus rhythm has been described, i.e., the Reverse Valsalva (RV). This study aims to compare changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics and autonomic system activity (ANS) based on heart rate variability (HRV) analysis during both maneuvers. METHODS: Fifteen healthy participants performed the VM and RV maneuvers three times in a sitting position for durations of 15 s and 10 s, respectively...

The clinical issues related to the anatomical variation of the mandibular canal have been extensively analyzed since the 19th century. Evolving dentistry techniques and advancements in the prosthetics forced to collect detailed information about anatomical variations of the mandibular canal due to its neurovascular content. Therefore, its radiographic imaging became an essential part of the oral surgery, in order to avoid complications resulted from an accidental damage of the mandibular canal.

The objective of this study was to review the current knowledge based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that evaluated the enamel damage connected with removal of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets taking into account different debonding methods. Brackets fracture was also assessed. The protocol for this study was constructed according to the PRISMA statement. The literature review was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases in May 2021. The searching was repeated in Journal of Stomatology, Orthodontic Forum and grey literature was screened using Google Scholar...

Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors with peak incidence between 5-14 and between 65-74 years of age. Treatment of choice is surgical resection, sometimes associated with radiation therapy. Complete tumor resection may be challenging. Radical surgery is particularly risky in older patients. Authors evaluate three cases of large cystic craniopharyngioma in patients in their 7th and 8th decade of life operated with the use of endoscopic technique. The postoperative follow-up period in which out- patient controls with imaging examinations were performed was up to 6 years...

INTRODUCTION: Our umbrella review aimed to summarize and revisit the evidence from all of the meta-analyses and systematic reviews regarding the treatments of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Major medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, BIOSIS, and EBSCO were searched. The overall search process was conducted in 3 stages. RESULTS: Finally, a total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study...

The prevalence of TMD indicates a need to develop new tools that are useful in the case of screening examinations. These methods can support diagnosis at the early stage of the disorder. The purpose of this research was to develop a comprehensive tool that would function as both a database of sounds generated by TMJ and as software which facilitates automated diagnosis. The software would also use the data from the RDC/TMD questionnaire. Such a tool may significantly reduce the time spent by dentists on making manual RDC/TMD diagnoses...

Eating disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting mainly young people in developed countries. Among them, anorexia nervosa (AN) is the one with the highest mortality, up to five times higher compared to healthy individuals. The etiology of this medical condition is complex and still un- certain. However, disturbances of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and increased lipolysis resulting in a decrease of the adipose tissue volume are common findings among AN patients. Since ANS is directly connected to adipocyte tissue, thus significantly affecting the body's metabolic homeostasis, we suspect that this relationship may be a potential pathophysiological underpinning for the development of AN...

BACKGROUND: Despite advanced research and great progress in understanding the chronic pancreatitis (CP) pathogenesis, no current causal treatment for the condition is available. For preclinical studies, the existence of a well-characterized CP animal model is essential. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of chronic pancreatitis on the antioxidant enzymes activity in rat blood serum and on the level of glutathione (intracellular antioxidant) in rat pancreas. METHODS: The experiments were carried out on the Wistar Kyoto rats in two groups: control and study group (CP), in which chemical induction of pancreatitis with dibutyl dichloride was performed...

INTRODUCTION: The main goal of the present umbrella review was to provide the most up-to- date and evidence-based results regarding the various treatment options for tennis elbow (TE), which hopefully will significantly decrease the confusions existing in the literature. Furthermore, our study differs from past analytical studies because, as to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the first to provide independent (not in comparison to other treatment) statistical results regarding the effectiveness of each TE treatment...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of serum lactadherin level, its correlation with disease activity and certain biochemical parameters in IBD patients. METHODS: The study involved adult IBD patients, comprising 50 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 68 with Crohn's disease (CD), and 29 healthy controls. RESULTS: The MFGE8 median concentration was significantly higher in UC versus controls (1914.54 vs. 1392.21; p = 0.017), but not in CD. The median MFGE8 levels in UC and CD patient groups didn't significantly differ...

The venous plexus of Rektorzik is a network of small veins, which enlace outside the wall of the internal carotid artery while it traverses the petrous part of the temporal bone. The anatomical and clinical issues related to the communication between the plexus of Rektorzik and other cranial venous structures were discussed in this paper.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components is a growing issue, including pediatric populations. However, because of many definitions used, it is difficult to assess the true frequency of these problems. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MetS and its components as well as the frequency of problems with inadequate nutritional status among adolescents. One hundred ninety-six teenagers aged 15-18 years, living in Krakow and its vicinity were examined including measurement of blood pressure, anthropometric parameters and blood levels of cholesterol and glucose...