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Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489788/sex-specific-effects-of-frailty-on-cardiac-structure-and-function-insights-from-preclinical-models
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elise S Bisset, Susan E Howlett
Advanced age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in both sexes. This is thought to be due, in part, to age-dependent cellular, structural, and functional changes in the heart, a process known as cardiac aging. An emerging view is that cardiac aging leads to the accumulation of cellular and subcellular deficits that increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Still, people age at different rates, with those aging rapidly considered frail. Evidence suggests that frailty, rather than simply age, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and predicts adverse outcomes in those affected...
March 15, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489782/cardio-rheumatology-the-cardiovascular-pharmacological-and-surgical-risks-associated-with-rheumatological-diseases-in-women
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha Le Sommer, Maria Irene Kontaridis
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death worldwide. Women are at increased risk of death from CVD, but the mechanisms for how and why this occurs remain elusive. One subset of women who are exceptionally vulnerable to CVD are those with rheumatic diseases (RDs). Indeed, women account for 80% of all RDs, disorders that encompass a broad range of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases that lead to chronic inflammation and pathology. The clear association of increased CVD risk in women with RD is thought to be mediated by a number of factors, including RD pathology itself, pharmacological induction of CVD, and/or as yet unidentified mechanisms...
March 15, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447124/-hfpef-and-sex-understanding-the-role-of-sex-differences
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuliia Smereka, Justin A Ezekowitz
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome with many etiological factors and complex pathophysiology affecting millions worldwide. Males and females can have distinct clinical presentation and prognosis, and there is emerging understanding of the factors that highlight the similarities and differences to synthesize and present available data for sex-specific differences in HFpEF. While the majority of data demonstrates more similarities than differences between females and males in terms of heart failure, there are key differences...
March 6, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447123/fishing-antioxidant-4-hydroxycoumarin-derivatives-synthesis-characterization-and-in-vitro-assessments
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Batoul Rostom, Elizabeth Goya-Jorge, Liliana Vicet Muro, Imrane Boubrik, Sarah Wiorek, Racha Karaky, Issam Kassab, María Elisa Jorge Rodríguez, Maité Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía
In this work the antioxidant activity of eighteen 4-hydroxycoumarin coumarin derivatives was assessed, six of which are commercially available and the other twelve were synthesized and chemically characterized. The 4-hydroxycoumarins were prepared by a two steps synthetic strategy with satisfactory yields. Their antioxidant potential was evaluated through three in vitro methods, two free radical-scavenging assays (DPPH• and ABTS•+) and a metal chelating activity assay. Six synthetic coumarins (4a, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4k, 4l) had a scavenging capacity of DPPH• higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)(IC50=0...
March 6, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427984/impact-of-biological-sex-on-valvular-heart-disease-interventions-and-outcomes
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evan J Wiens, Kristal Kawa, Malek Kass, Ashish H Shah
Valvular heart disease (VHD) is common, affecting >14% of individuals age >75, and is associated with morbidity, including heart failure and arrhythmia, and risk of early mortality. Increasingly, important sex differences are being found between men and women with VHD. These sex differences can involve the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of the disease. Women are often disadvantaged, and female sex has been shown to be associated with delayed diagnosis and inferior outcomes in various forms of VHD...
March 1, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427976/epigenetic-regulation-of-sex-dimorphism-in-cardiovascular-health
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charan Thej, Raj Kishore
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting people of all races, ages, and sexs. Substantial sex dimorphism exists in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcomes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Understanding the role of sex hormones as well as sex-hormone-independent epigenetic mechanisms could play a crucial role in developing effective and sex specific cardiovascular therapeutics. Existing research highlights significant disparities in sex hormones, epigenetic regulators, and gene expression related to cardiac health, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of these variations between men and women...
March 1, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415758/tribute-dr-pawan-k-singal
#7
EDITORIAL
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 28, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38377482/cardioprotective-effects-of-losartan-and-diminazene-against-the-ischemia-reperfusion-injury-in-hyperthyroidism-rats
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mosayeb Pashaei, Mahvash Hesari, Dareuosh Shackebaei, Aliashraf Godini
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces high levels of thyroid hormone. Heart diseases are one of the main complications of hyperthyroidism. Several studies have shown that losartan (LOS) and diminazene aceturate (DIZE) possess cardioprotection effects against cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. The research aimed to investigate the cardioprotection of LOS, DIZE, and their combination in the case of levothyroxine-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Hyperthyroidism was induced by levothyroxine (LT4) in drinking water (12 mg/L) for 28 days...
February 20, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334084/targeting-the-vivid-facets-of-apolipoproteins-as-a-cardiovascular-risk-factor-in-rheumatoid-arthritis
#9
REVIEW
Aditi Sharma, Chakshu Sharma, Lalit Sharma, Pranay Wal, Preeti Mishra, Nitin Sachdeva, Shivam Yadav, Celia Vargas De-La Cruz, Sandeep Arora, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Ravi Rawat, Tapan Behl, Mukesh Nandave
Mostly, cardiovascular diseases are blamed for casualties in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Customarily, dyslipidemia is probably the most prevalent underlying cause of untimely demise in people suffering from RA as it hastens the expansion of atherosclerosis. The engagement of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc., is crucial in the progression and proliferation of both RA and abnormal lipid parameters. Thus, lipid abnormalities should be monitored frequently in patients with both primary and advanced RA stages...
February 9, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38329060/effects-of-prenatal-dexamethasone-exposure-on-adult-c57bl-6j-mouse-metabolism-and-oxidative-stress
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A S Nemec-Bakk, J Bel, S Niccoli, D R Boreham, T C Tai, S J Lees, N Khaper
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure has been shown to alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function resulting in altered fetal development that can persist through adulthood. Fetal exposure to excess dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been shown to alter adult behaviour and metabolism. This study investigated the effects prenatal dexamethasone exposure had on adult offspring cardiac and liver metabolism and oxidative stress. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received a dose of 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone on gestational days 15-17...
February 8, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38266237/the-influence-of-estrogen-on-myocardial-post-translational-modifications-and-cardiac-function-in-women
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha K Shorthill, Timothy L M Jones, Kathleen C Woulfe, Brian D Cherrington, Danielle R Bruns
The lifetime risk of heart failure (HF) is comparable in men and women; nevertheless, disparities exist in our understanding of how HF differs between sexes. Several differences in cardiac physiology exist between men and women including the propensity to develop specific HF phenotypes. Men are more likely to be diagnosed with HF failure with reduced ejection fraction, while women have a greater propensity to develop HF with preserved ejection fraction. The mechanisms responsible for these differences remain unclear...
January 24, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38258745/butorphanol-inhibits-androgen-biosynthesis-and-metabolism-in-rat-immature-leydig-cells-in-vitro
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Changchang Li, Lei Shi, Ming Su, Xiaoheng Li, Qiqi Zhu, Ren-Shan Ge, Huitao Li
Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid analgesic medication that is primarily used for the management of pain. Butorphanol may have an inhibitory effect on androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in rat immature Leydig cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of butorphanol on androgen secretion by rat Leydig cells isolated from the 35-day-old male rats. Rat Leydig cells were cultured with 0.5-50 μM butorphanol for 3 h in vitro . Butorphanol at 5 and 50 μM significantly inhibited androgen secretion in immature Leydig cells...
January 23, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38226807/stem-cell-therapy-for-cardiac-regeneration-past-present-and-future
#13
REVIEW
Jaideep Kaur Gill, Sargun Kaur Rehsia, Elika Verma, Niketa Sareen, Sanjiv Dhingra
Cardiac disorders remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Current clinical strategies, including drug therapy, surgical interventions, and organ transplantation offer limited benefits to patients without regenerating the damaged myocardium. Over the past decade, stem cell therapy has generated a keen interest owing to its unique self-renewal and immune privileged characteristics. Furthermore, the ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cell types, has made them a popular therapeutic tool against various diseases...
January 16, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38198660/uncovering-the-link-between-diabetes-and-cardiovascular-disease-insights-from-adipose-derived-stem-cells
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan Meechem, Anshul S Jadli, Vaibhav B Patel
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The escalating worldwide occurrence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to a significant upsurge in individuals afflicted with CVDs. As the prevalence of CVDs continues to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to identify the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to their development and progression, which will help discover novel therapeutic avenues. Adipose tissue (AT) is a connective tissue that plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis...
January 10, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38164926/note-of-appreciation
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 1, 2024: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38118126/azilsartan-prevents-muscle-loss-and-fast-to-slow-twitch-muscle-fibre-shift-in-natural-ageing-sarcopenic-rats
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Priyanka Prajapati, Anand Kumar, Shubhada Mangulkar, D R Chaple, Shubhini A Saraf, Sapana Kushwaha
Sarcopenia is a musculoskeletal disease that reduces muscle mass and strength in older individuals. The study investigates the effects of azilsartan (AZL) on skeletal muscle loss in natural sarcopenic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4-6 months and 18-21 months were selected as young-matched control and natural-aged (sarcopenic) rats, respectively. Rats were allocated into young and old control (YC & OC) and young and old AZL treatment (YT & OT) groups, which received vehicles and azilsartan (8 mg/kg, orally) for six weeks...
December 20, 2023: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38118123/formation-of-a-border-ischemic-zone-depends-on-plasma-potassium-concentration
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olesya Gennadievna Bernikova, Aleksandra Durkina, Mikhail Gonotkov, Elena Minnebaeva, Natalia Arteyeva, Jan E Azarov
Extracellular potassium concentration might modify electrophysiological properties in the border zone (BZ) of ischemic myocardium. We evaluated the depolarization and repolarization characteristics across the ischemic-normal border under [K+] variation. 64-lead epicardial mapping was performed in 26 rats ([K+] 2.3-6.4 mM) in a model of acute ischemia/reperfusion. The animals with [K+]<4.7 mM (low-normal potassium) had an ischemic zone with ST-segment elevation and activation delay, a BZ with ST-segment elevation and no activation delay, and a normal zone without electrophysiological abnormalities...
December 20, 2023: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38079620/the-role-of-melatonin-in-preventing-amiodarone-induced-rat-liver-damage
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dejan Petrović, Marina Deljanin Ilić, Dejan Simonović, Milovan Stojanović, Milica Stanković, Slaviša Stanišić, Sanja Stojanović, Nebojša Arsić, Dusan Sokolovic
Long-term exposure to amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, can induce different organ damage, including liver. Cell damage included by amiodarone is a consequence of mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species production and cell energy depletion leading to programed cell death. In the present study hepatoprotective potential of neurohormone melatonin (50 mg/kg/day) was evaluated in a chronic experimental model of liver damage induced by a four-week application of amiodarone (70 mg/kg/day). The obtained results indicate that amiodarone induces an increase in xanthine oxidase activity, as well as the content of the lipid and protein oxidatively modified products and p53 levels...
December 11, 2023: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38070193/salvianolic-acid-b-attenuates-diabetic-nephropathy-through-alleviating-adora2b-nalp3-inflammasome-and-nf%C3%AE%C2%BAb-activity
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Wang, Jiang Chang, Shubin Qiao, Ying Yang, Chuan Yun, Yongyan Li, Fa Wang
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. This study is aimed at investigating the role and mechanisms of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) in diabetic nephropathy. High glucose (HG)-induced human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with Sal B, BAY-60-6583(agonist of Adenosine 2B receptor) or PSB-603(antagonist of Adenosine 2B receptor) for 24 hours. Adenosine A2b-receptor (ADORA2B), NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and pyrin (PYD) domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3), and nuclear factor Kappa B (NFκB) expressions, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined...
December 9, 2023: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38039515/preventing-broken-hearts-in-women-with-breast-cancer-a-concise-review-on-chemotherapy-mediated-cardiotoxicity
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hilary Bews, Lana Mackic, Davinder S Jassal
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death for Canadian women. 1 in 8 Canadian women will receive the life-changing diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) in their lifetime, with 1 in 34 dying from the disease. Although doxorubicin (DOX) and trastuzumab (TRZ) have significantly improved survival in women diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BC, approximately 1 in 4 women who receive this treatment are at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity...
December 1, 2023: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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