journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37734427/a-negative-feedback-loop-centered-on-smad3-expression-in-transforming-growth-factor-%C3%AE-1-induced-corneal-myofibroblast-differentiation
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunlan Tang, Enming Du, Gang Wang, Fangyuan Qin, Zhihong Meng, Lijuan Dai, Yiqiang Wang, Shengwei Ren
SMAD3 downregulation is documented in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced corneal fibroblasts differentiation to myofibroblasts ("fibroTOmyoDiff") or corneal wound healing. However, the exact regulatory mechanism of TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway in this context remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role and related mechanism of SMAD3 down-regulation in TGF-β1-induced human corneal fibroTOmyoDiff. By detecting expression changes of SMAD family during this process, we demonstrated that SMAD3 protein expression was dramatically decreased in the process and the decrease occurred mainly in SMAD3 gene transcription...
September 19, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37734426/a-correlation-between-oxidative-stress-and-diabetic-retinopathy-an-updated-review
#2
REVIEW
Afzal Hussain, Sumel Ashique, Obaid Afzal, Mohammad A Altamimi, Abdul Malik, Shubneesh Kumar, Ashish Garg, Nidhi Sharma, Arshad Farid, Tasneem Khan, Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
Oxidative stress (OS) is a cytopathic outcome of excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), down regulated antioxidant defense signaling pathways, and the imbalance between the produced radicals and their clearance. It plays a role in the genesis of several illnesses, especially hyperglycemia and its effects. Diabetic retinal illness, a micro vascular side effect of the condition, is the prime reason of diabetic related blindness. The OS (directly or indirectly) is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and related consequences...
September 19, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37722586/insights-into-mustard-gas-keratopathy-characterizing-corneal-layer-specific-changes-in-mice-exposed-to-nitrogen-mustard
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamid Alemi, Shima Dehghani, Katayoon Forouzanfar, Pier Luigi Surico, Akitomo Narimatsu, Aytan Musayeva, Sina Sharifi, Shudan Wang, Thomas H Dohlman, Jia Yin, Yihe Chen, Reza Dana
Exposure to mustard agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM), often results in ocular surface damage. This can lead to the emergence of various corneal disorders that are collectively referred to as mustard gas keratopathy (MGK). In this study, we aimed to develop a mouse model of MGK by using ocular NM exposure, and describe the subsequent structural changes analyzed across the different layers of the cornea. A 3 μL solution of 0.25 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL NM was applied to the center of the cornea via a 2-mm filter paper for 5 min...
September 16, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37722585/robust-expression-of-the-trpc1-channel-associated-with-photoreceptor-loss-in-the-rat-retina
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elena Caminos, Marina Murillo-Martínez, María García-Belando, José Julio Cabanes-Sanchís, Juan R Martinez-Galan
Baseline intracellular calcium levels are significantly higher in neuronal and glial cells of rat retinas with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although this situation could initiate multiple detrimental pathways that lead to cell death, we considered the possibility of TRPC1 being involved in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the retina by acting as a component of store-operated calcium (SOC) channels with special relevance during photoreceptor degeneration. In this study, we examined by Western blot the expression of TRPC1 in healthy control rat retinas (Sprague-Dawley, SD) and retinas with RP (P23H-1 rats)...
September 16, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37717689/ocular-microbiome-evaluation-in-dry-eye-disease-and-meibomian-gland-dysfunction-values-of-variables
#5
LETTER
Davide Borroni, Carlos Rocha de Lossada, Cosimo Mazzotta, Jose-María Sánchez-González, Filomena Papa, Federico Gabrielli
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 15, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37717688/development-and-testing-of-a-metabolic-chamber-for-effluent-collection-during-whole-eye-perfusions
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael L De Ieso, Ruth Kelly, Philip Mzyk, W Daniel Stamer
Ocular hypertension is caused by dysregulated outflow resistance regulation by the conventional outflow (CO) pathway. The physiology of the CO pathway can be directly studied during ex vivo ocular perfusions. In addition to measuring outflow resistance generation by the CO tissues, perfusion media that is conditioned by CO pathway cells can be collected upon exiting the eye as effluent. Thus, contents of effluent include factors contributed by upstream cells that report on the (dys)functionality of the outflow tissues...
September 15, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37716399/phosphoinositide-3-kinase-as-a-therapeutic-target-in-angiogenic-disease
#7
REVIEW
Wenyi Wu, Xiaobo Xia, Luosheng Tang, Jing Luo, Siqi Xiong, Gaoen Ma, Hetian Lei
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate lipids that control multitudinous intracellular cell signaling events which participate in cell survival and proliferation. In addition, PI3K signaling also contributes to metabolism, immunity, angiogenesis and cardiovascular homeostasis, and many diseases. The diverse actions of PI3K stem from the existence of their various isoforms and a variety of protein effectors. Hence, PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors have already achieved a wonderful effect on treating cancer...
September 14, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37714423/exosomes-and-their-mirna-protein-profile-in-keratoconus-derived-corneal-stromal-cells
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel Hadvina, Mariam Lotfy Khaled, Theresa Akoto, Wenbo Zhi, Dimitrios Karamichos, Yutao Liu
Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal thinning disorder and a leading cause of corneal transplantation worldwide. Exosomes are small, secreted extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) that mediate cellular communication via their proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid content. We aimed to characterize the exosomes secreted by primary corneal fibroblasts from subjects with or without KC. Using human keratoconus stromal fibroblast cells (HKC, n = 4) and healthy stromal fibroblasts (HCF, n = 4), we collected and isolated exosomes using serial ultracentrifugation...
September 13, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37709186/the-ocular-microbiome-more-than-meets-the-eye
#9
LETTER
Antonio Yaghy, Jacqueline R Porteny
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 12, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37704045/tear-inflammatory-cytokines-as-potential-biomarkers-for-myopic-macular-degeneration
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dongling Guo, Jiao Qi, Yu Du, Chen Zhao, Shuyu Liu, Yi Lu, Xiangjia Zhu
Previous studies have reported that inflammatory cytokine levels increase in the intraocular fluids (aqueous humor and vitreous) of highly myopic eyes, However, there has been currently no study revealing the levels of inflammatory cytokines in tear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine tear cytokine levels of highly myopic eyes, and their relationships with myopic macular degeneration (MMD). This case-control study screened inflammatory cytokines of tear samples from 132 highly myopic and 105 emmetropic eyes using a multiplex cytokine antibody array, and cytokines showing significant intergroup differences were further validated using ProQuantum immunoassays in tear samples from another 60 highly myopic and 60 emmetropic eyes...
September 11, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37696465/effect-of-adlay-seed-extract-on-inflammation-and-fibrogenesis-in-human-corneal-activated-keratocytes-at-transcriptional-level
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi, Amir Hossein Mohsenzadeh, Foroogh Namjoyan, Zahra Gharegezloo, Mahmood Nejabat
Corneal activated keratocytes (CAKs) -representing the injured phenotype of corneal stromal cells-are associated with several corneal diseases. Inflammatory cytokines are the key drivers of CAK formation subsequently leading to fibrogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adlay seed extract on the expression of genes involved in inflammation (IL-6, IL-1b, LIF) and fibrogenesis (TGF-β) in CAK cells. CAKs (106  cells/10 cm2 ) were exposed to methanolic (MeOH) and residual (Res) extract of adlay seed (1 mg/ml, 24 h)...
September 9, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37689341/the-rlr-intrinsic-antiviral-system-is-expressed-in-neural-retina-and-restricts-lentiviral-transduction-of-human-mueller-cells
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monica M Sauter, Hongyu Noel, Curtis R Brandt
The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG)-I-like receptor (RLR) family of RNA sensor proteins plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral nucleic acids, including viral gene delivery vectors, but little is known about the expression of RLR proteins in the retina. The purpose of this study was to characterize cell-specific expression patterns of RLR proteins in non-human primate (NHP) neural retina tissue and to examine if RLR pathway signaling restricts viral gene delivery transduction. Since RLR protein signaling converges at the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), experiments were performed to determine if knockdown of MAVS affected FIVGFP transduction efficiency in the human Mueller cell line MIO-M1...
September 7, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37683797/m%C3%A3-ller-cell-vulnerability-in-aging-human-retina-implications-on-photoreceptor-cell-survival
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tapas C Nag
Müller glial cells (MC) support various metabolic functions of the retinal neurons, and maintain the homeostasis. Oxidative stress is intensified with aging, and in human retina, MC and photoreceptors undergo lipid peroxidation and protein nitration. Information on how MC respond to oxidative stress is vital to understand the fate of aging retinal neurons. This study examined age-related changes in MC of donor human retina (age: 35-98 years; N = 18 donors). Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations indicate that MC undergo gliosis and increased lipid peroxidation, and show osmotic changes with advanced aging (>80 years)...
September 6, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37683796/differential-gene-expression-and-protein-protein-interaction-network-profiling-of-sulfur-mustard-exposed-rabbit-corneas-employing-rna-seq-data-and-bioinformatics-tools
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rajnish Kumar, Devansh M Sinha, Brenden R Lankau, Nishant R Sinha, Ratnakar Tripathi, Suneel Gupta, Rajiv R Mohan
Sulfur mustard (SM) ocular exposure severely damages the cornea and causes vision impairment. At present, no specific therapy exists to mitigate SM-induced corneal injury and vision loss. This study performed transcriptome profiling of naïve, SM-damaged, and SM-undamaged rabbit corneas using RNA-seq analysis and bioinformatic tools to gain a better mechanistic understanding and develop SM-specific medical countermeasures. The mRNA profiles of rabbit corneas 4 weeks post SM vapor exposure were generated using Illumina-NextSeq deep sequencing (Gene Expression Omnibus accession # GSE127708)...
September 6, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37678729/a-structural-and-functional-comparison-between-two-recombinant-human-lubricin-proteins-recombinant-human-proteoglycan-4-rhprg4-vs-ecf843
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikhil G Menon, Adam P Tanguay, Libo Zhou, Ling X Zhang, Cedric E Bobst, Mingyu Han, Mallika Ghosh, George W Greene, Alix Deymier, Benjamin D Sullivan, Yupeng Chen, Gregory D Jay, Tannin A Schmidt
Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4, lubricin) is a mucin-like glycoprotein present on the ocular surface that has both boundary lubricating and anti-inflammatory properties. Full-length recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) has been shown to be clinically effective in improving signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). In vitro, rhPRG4 has been shown to reduce inflammation-induced cytokine production and NFκB activity in corneal epithelial cells, as well as to bind to and inhibit MMP-9 activity. A different form of recombinant human lubricin (ECF843), produced from the same cell line as rhPRG4 but manufactured using a different process, was recently assessed in a DED clinical trial...
September 5, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37673368/circrna-06209-inhibits-cataract-development-by-sponging-mir-6848-5p-and-regulating-alox15-expression
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Fang, Jin-He Li, Hai-Long Li, Pei-Lin Yue, Xue-Fei Ding, Yu-Xuan Jia, Zhao-Chuan Liu, Hong-Gang Zhou, Cheng Yang, Xu-Dong Song
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world, and there is a lack of effective treatment drugs. CircRNA plays an important part in a variety of diseases, however, the role of circRNA in cataracts remains largely unknown. In this study, we constructed a cataract model of rats and obtained the circRNAs related to cataracts by whole transcriptome sequencing and circRNA-mRNA co-expression network. To investigate the effect and mechanism of circRNA 06209 on cataracts, we performed several in vivo and in vitro experiments, including CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, dual luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, actinomycin D assay, and Western blot analysis...
September 4, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37659709/rod-specific-downregulation-of-omega-3-very-long-chain-polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-pathway-in-age-related-macular-degeneration
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William C Gordon, Marie-Audrey I Kautzmann, Bokkyoo Jun, Megan L Cothern, Zhide Fang, Nicolas G Bazan
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6) plays a key role in vision and is the precursor for very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs). The release of 32- and 34-carbon VLC-PUFAs and DHA from sn-1 and sn-2 of phosphatidylcholine (PC) leads to the synthesis of cell-survival mediators, the elovanoids (ELVs) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), respectively. Macula and periphery from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) donor retinas were assessed for the availability of DHA-related lipids by LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis and MALDI-molecular imaging...
August 31, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37659708/a-simple-rapid-fluorescent-reporter-based-method-for-detection-of-ectopic-cre-recombinase-expression-in-presumed-retinal-cell-type-targeted-mouse-lines
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao, Steven J Fliesler
Although cell type-specific Cre recombinase-expressing mouse lines are commonly used to generate conditional knockout of genes of interest, germline recombination and ectopic "leakiness" in Cre recombinase expression in non-specific cell types has been observed in several neuronal and glial-specific Cre lines. This often leads to inadvertent loss of conditional mouse lines, requiring rederivation. It is therefore imperative to be able to monitor and validate cell type-specific Cre recombinase-mediated gene editing...
August 31, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37657529/culture-of-primary-human-meibomian-gland-cells-from-surgically-excised-eyelid-tissue
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ha T Duong, Minh Anh Thu Phan, Michele C Madigan, Fiona Stapleton, Geoffrey Wilcsek, Mark Willcox, Blanka Golebiowski
Meibomian gland dysfunction is one of the most common ocular diseases, with therapeutic treatment being primarily palliative due to our incomplete understanding of meibomian gland (MG) pathophysiology. To progress in vitro studies of human MG, this study describes a comprehensive protocol, with detailed troubleshooting, for the successful isolation, cultivation and cryopreservation of primary MG cells using biopsy-size segments of human eyelid tissue that would otherwise be discarded during surgery. MG acini were isolated and used to establish and propagate lipid-producing primary human MG cells...
August 30, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37657528/quantitative-intravitreal-pharmacokinetics-in-mouse-as-a-step-towards-inter-species-translation
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jooseppi Puranen, Veli-Pekka Ranta, Marika Ruponen, Arto Urtti, Amir Sadeghi
Although mouse models are widely used in retinal drug development, pharmacokinetics in mouse eye is poorly understood. In this study, we applied non-invasive in vivo fluorophotometry to study pharmacokinetics of intravitreal fluorescein sodium (molecular weight 0.38 kDa) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-150; molecular weight 150 kDa) in mice. Intravitreal half-lives of fluorescein and FD-150 in mouse eyes were 0.53 ± 0.06 h and 2.61 ± 0.86 h, respectively...
August 30, 2023: Experimental Eye Research
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