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Journals International Journal for Para...

International Journal for Parasitology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/37922977/linking-avian-malaria-parasitemia-estimates-from-quantitative-pcr-and-microscopy-reveals-new-infection-patterns-in-hawai-i
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christa M Seidl, Francisco C Ferreira, Katy L Parise, Kristina L Paxton, Eben H Paxton, Carter T Atkinson, Robert C Fleischer, Jeffrey T Foster, A Marm Kilpatrick
Plasmodium parasites infect thousands of species and provide an exceptional system for studying host-pathogen dynamics, especially for multi-host pathogens. However, understanding these interactions requires an accurate assay of infection. Assessing Plasmodium infections using microscopy on blood smears often misses infections with low parasitemias (the fractions of cells infected), and biases in malaria prevalence estimates will differ among hosts that differ in mean parasitemias. We examined Plasmodium relictum infection and parasitemia using both microscopy of blood smears and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on 299 samples from multiple bird species in Hawai'i and fit models to predict parasitemias from qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values...
November 1, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37858900/insight-into-hyalomma-anatolicum-biology-by-comparative-genomics-analysis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinming Wang, Yijun Chai, Jifei Yang, Kai Chen, Guangyuan Liu, Jianxun Luo, Guiquan Guan, Qiaoyun Ren, Hong Yin
Hyalomma anatolicum is an obligatory blood-sucking ectoparasite and contributes to the transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. Progress in exploring the adaptive strategy of this ectoparasite and developing tools to fight it has been hindered by the lack of a complete genome. Herein, we assembled the genome using diverse sources of data from multiple sequencing platforms and annotated the 1.96 Gb genome of Hy. anatolicum. Comparative genome analyses and the predicted protein encoding genes reveal unique facets of this genome, including gene family expansion associated with blood feeding and digestion, multi-gene families involved in detoxification, a great number of neuropeptides and corresponding receptors regulating tick growth, development, and reproduction, and glutathione S-transferase genes playing roles in insecticide resistance and detoxification of multiple xenobiotic factors...
October 17, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37838302/host-specificity-of-coral-associated-fauna-and-its-relevance-for-coral-reef-biodiversity
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roeland J van der Schoot, Bert W Hoeksema
Coral-associated fauna predominantly consists of invertebrates and constitutes an important component of coral reef biodiversity. The symbionts depend on their hosts for food, shelter and substrate. They may act as parasites by feeding on their hosts, by overgowing their polyps, or by excavating their skeletons. Because some of these species partly reside inside their hosts, they may be cryptic and can easily be overlooked in biodiversity surveys. Since no quantitative overview is available about these inter-specific relationships, this present study adresses variation in host ranges and specificity across four large coral-associated taxa and between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans...
October 12, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37832712/a-newly-characterized-dense-granule-protein-gra76-is-important-for-the-growth-and-virulence-of-toxoplasma-gondii
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao-Nan Zheng, Li-Xiu Sun, Hany M Elsheikha, Ting-Ting Li, Jin Gao, Xiao-Jing Wu, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Meng Wang, Bao-Quan Fu, Xing-Quan Zhu, Jin-Lei Wang
Pathogenicity of the zoonotic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii largely depends on the secretion of effector proteins into the extracellular milieu and host cell cytosol, including the dense granule proteins (GRAs). The protein-encoding gene TGME49_299780 was previously identified as a contributor to parasite fitness. However, its involvement in parasite growth, virulence and infectivity in vitro and in vivo remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively examined the role of this new protein, termed GRA76, in parasite pathogenicity...
October 11, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37806426/comparative-analysis-of-presence-absence-gene-variations-in-five-hard-tick-species-impact-and-functional-considerations
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Umberto Rosani, Marco Sollitto, Nicolò Fogal, Cristiano Salata
Tick species are vectors of harmful human and animal diseases, and their expansion is raising concerns under the global environmental changes' scenario. Ticks host and transmit bacteria, protozoa and viruses, making the understanding of host-pathogen molecular pathways critical to development of effective disease control strategies. Despite the considerable sizes and repeat contents of tick genomes, individual tick genomics is perhaps the most effective approach to reveal genotypic traits of interest. Presence-Absence gene Variations (PAVs) can contribute to individual differences within species, with dispensable genes carried by subsets of individuals possibly underpinning functional significance at individual or population-levels...
October 6, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37774810/functional-characterization-of-a-conserved-membrane-protein-pbs54-involved-in-gamete-fertilization-in-plasmodium-berghei
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Pang, Jie Bai, Liying Zhu, Fei Liu, Yudi Wu, Fan Yang, Li Zheng, Pengbo Liu, Yaowen Zhang, Meilian Wang, Jun Li, Xiaotong Zhu, Liwang Cui, Yaming Cao
The successful completion of gamete fertilization is essential for malaria parasite transmission, and this process can be targeted by intervention strategies. In this study, we identified a conserved gene (PBANKA_0813300) in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, which encodes a protein of 54 kDa (designated as Pbs54). Localization studies indicated that Pbs54 is associated with the plasma membranes of gametes and ookinetes. Functional studies by gene disruption showed that the Δpbs54 parasites had no defect in asexual proliferation, gametocyte development, or gametogenesis...
September 27, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37699506/microrna-silencing-in-a-whole-worm-cestode-model-provides-insight-into-mir-71-function
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrés Grecco, Natalia Macchiaroli, Matías Pérez, Adriano Casulli, Marcela Cucher, Mara Cecilia Rosenzvit
Parasites belonging to the class Cestoda include zoonotic species such as Echinococcus spp. and Taenia spp. that cause morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, mainly affecting pastoral and rural communities in low income countries but also upper middle income countries. Cestodes show remarkable developmental plasticity, implying tight regulation of gene expression throughout their complex life cycles. Despite the recent availability of genomic data for cestodes, little progress was made on postgenomic functional studies...
September 10, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37673202/abomasal-rna-seq-reveals-a-strong-local-cellular-response-in-suckling-lambs-with-resistance-against-haemonchus-contortus
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Gabriel Gonçalves Lins, Ana Cláudia Alexandre de Albuquerque, Fabiana Alves de Almeida, Collette Britton, Camila Malossi, João Pessoa de Araújo-Júnior, Helder Louvandini, Alessandro F T Amarante
Santa Ines (SI) and Ile de France (IF) sheep are known to be resistant and susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection, respectively. Several studies have shown some genes as potential biological markers for sheep resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes using molecular tools, including transcriptomic analysis. In this study, we sequenced the polyadenylated RNA of the abomasal tissue of SI and IF suckling lambs to identify mucosa-specific transcript alterations between breeds artificially infected with H...
September 4, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37652224/genome-structure-and-population-genomics-of-the-canine-heartworm-dirofilaria-immitis
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javier Gandasegui, Rosemonde I Power, Emily Curry, Daisy Ching-Wai Lau, Connor M O'Neill, Adrian Wolstenholme, Roger Prichard, Jan Šlapeta, Stephen R Doyle
The heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, is a filarial parasitic nematode responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in wild and domesticated canids. Resistance to macrocyclic lactone drug prevention represents a significant threat to parasite control and has prompted investigations to understand the genetic determinants of resistance. This study aimed to improve the genomic resources of D. immitis to enable a more precise understanding of how genetic variation is distributed within and between parasite populations worldwide, which will inform the likelihood and rate by which parasites, and in turn, resistant alleles, might spread...
August 29, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37652223/the-same-genotype-of-sarcocystis-neurona-responsible-for-mass-mortality-in-marine-mammals-induced-a-clinical-outbreak-in-raccoons-procyon-lotor-10-years-later
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aditya Gupta, Mary Duncan, Amy R Sweeny, Larissa S de Araujo, Oliver C H Kwok, Benjamin M Rosenthal, Asis Khan, Michael E Grigg, Jitender P Dubey
Here, we report the first known outbreak of clinical protozoal myeloencephalitis in naturally infected raccoons by the parasite Sarcocystis neurona. The North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and the South American opossum (Didelphis albiventris) are its known definitive hosts. Several other animal species are its intermediate or aberrant hosts. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is considered the most important intermediate host for S. neurona in the USA. More than 50% of raccoons in the USA have sarcocysts in their muscles, however clinical sarcocystosis in raccoons is rare...
August 29, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37633409/dna-metabarcoding-reveals-spatial-and-temporal-variation-of-fish-eye-fluke-communities-in-lake-ecosystems
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alfonso Diaz-Suarez, Kristina Noreikiene, Siim Kahar, Mikhail Y Ozerov, Riho Gross, Veljo Kisand, Anti Vasemägi
Eye flukes (Diplostomidae) are diverse and abundant trematode parasites that form multi-species communities in fish with negative effects on host fitness and survival. However, the environmental factors and host-related characteristics that determine species diversity, composition, and coexistence in such communities remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a cost-effective cox1 region-specific DNA metabarcoding approach to characterize parasitic diplostomid communities in two common fish species (Eurasian perch and common roach) collected from seven temperate lakes in Estonia...
August 24, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37598774/co-infecting-haemoproteus-species-haemosporida-apicomplexa-show-different-host-tissue-tropism-during-exo-erythrocytic-development-in-fringilla-coelebs-fringillidae
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tanja Himmel, Josef Harl, Julia Matt, Nora Nedorost, Madeleine Lunardi, Mikas Ilgūnas, Tatjana Iezhova, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Herbert Weissenböck
Avian haemosporidians of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon are common blood parasites in wild birds all over the world. Despite their importance as pathogens potentially compromising host fitness and health, little is known about the exo-erythrocytic development of these parasites, particularly during co-infections which predominate in wildlife. This study aimed to address this issue using Haemoproteus parasites of Fringilla coelebs, a common bird species of the Western Palearctic and host to a variety of haemosporidian parasite lineages...
August 18, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37586585/rapid-automated-quantification-of-haemonchus-contortus-ova-in-sheep-faecal-samples
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer L Cain, Leonor Sicalo Gianechini, Abigail L Vetter, Sarah M Davis, Leah N Britton, Jennifer L Myka, Paul Slusarewicz
Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic nematodes affecting small ruminants globally and is responsible for large economic losses in the sheep and goat industry. Anthelmintic resistance is rampant in this parasite and thus parasite control programs must account for drug efficacy on individual farms and, sometimes, whether H. contortus is the most prevalent trichostrongylid. Historically, coproculture has been the main way to determine the prevalence of H. contortus in faecal samples due to the inability to morphologically differentiate between trichostrongylid egg types, but this process requires a skilled technician and takes multiple days to complete...
August 14, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37536388/validation-of-a-serum-elisa-test-for-cyathostomin-infection-in-equines
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirsty L Lightbody, Andrew Austin, Peter A Lambert, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Laura Jürgenschellert, Jürgen Krücken, Martin K Nielsen, Guillaume Sallé, Fabrice Reigner, Callum G Donnelly, Carrie J Finno, Nicola Walshe, Grace Mulcahy, Nicola Housby-Skeggs, Steven Grice, Kathrin K Geyer, Corrine J Austin, Jacqueline B Matthews
Cyathostomins are ubiquitous equine nematodes. Infection can result in larval cyathostominosis due to mass larval emergence. Although faecal egg count (FEC) tests provide estimates of egg shedding, these correlate poorly with burden and provide no information on mucosal/luminal larvae. Previous studies describe a serum IgG(T)-based ELISA (CT3) that exhibits utility for detection of mucosal/luminal cyathostomins. Here, this ELISA is optimised/validated for commercial application using sera from horses for which burden data were available...
August 1, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37536387/a-mixed-amplicon-metabarcoding-and-sequencing-approach-for-surveillance-of-drug-resistance-to-levamisole-and-benzimidazole-in-haemonchus-spp
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Kate Francis, Alistair Antonopoulos, Mark Edward Westman, Janina McKay-Demeler, Roz Laing, Jan Šlapeta
Anthelmintic-resistant parasitic nematodes present a significant threat to sustainable livestock production worldwide. The ability to detect the emergence of anthelmintic resistance at an early stage, and therefore determine which drugs remain most effective, is crucial for minimising production losses. Despite many years of research into the molecular basis of anthelmintic resistance, no molecular-based tools are commercially available for the diagnosis of resistance as it emerges in field settings. We described a mixed deep amplicon sequencing approach to determine the frequency of the levamisole (LEV)-resistant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within arc-8 exon 4 (S168T) in Haemonchus spp...
August 1, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37516335/german-ixodes-inopinatus-samples-may-not-actually-represent-this-tick-species
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert E Rollins, Gabriele Margos, Andreas Brachmann, Stefan Krebs, Alexia Mouchet, Niels J Dingemanse, AbdElkarim Laatamna, Nassiba Reghaissia, Volker Fingerle, Dirk Metzler, Noémie S Becker, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler
Ticks are important vectors of human and animal pathogens, but many questions remain unanswered regarding their taxonomy. Molecular sequencing methods have allowed research to start understanding the evolutionary history of even closely related tick species. Ixodes inopinatus is considered a sister species and highly similar to Ixodes ricinus, an important vector of many tick-borne pathogens in Europe, but identification between these species remains ambiguous with disagreement on the geographic extent of I...
July 27, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37488048/morphological-constraint-obscures-richness-a-mitochondrial-exploration-of-cryptic-richness-in-transversotrema-trematoda-transversotrematidae
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Scott C Cutmore, Richard D Corner, Thomas H Cribb
Species of Transversotrema Witenberg, 1944 (Transversotrematidae) occupy a unique ecological niche for the Trematoda, living externally under the scales of their teleost hosts. Previous studies of the genus have been impeded partly by limited variation in ribosomal DNA sequence data between closely related species and partly by a lack of morphometrically informative characters. Here, we assess richness of the tropical Indo-west Pacific species through parallel phylogenetic and morphometric analyses, generating cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial sequence data and morphometric data for hologenophore specimens from Australia, French Polynesia, Japan and Palau...
July 22, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37474096/exchange-and-hybridisation-at-a-wild-feral-domestic-interface
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William J Smith, Michał T Jezierski, Jenny C Dunn, Sonya M Clegg
Interactions between wild, feral, and domestic animals are of economic and conservation significance. The pigeon Columba livia is a synanthropic species in a feral form, but it also includes the rare Rock Dove. Columba livia is an important player at the wild-domestic interface, acting as a carrier of avian diseases, and the feral form threatens Rock Doves with extinction via hybridisation. Despite its abundance, little is known about drivers of disease prevalence in C. livia, or how disease and hybridisation represent synergistic threats to Rock Doves...
July 18, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37467875/ticks-acari-ixodida-on-synanthropic-small-and-medium-sized-mammals-in-areas-of-the-northeastern-united-states-infested-with-the-asian-longhorned-tick-haemaphysalis-longicornis
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francisco C Ferreira, Julia González, Matthew T Milholland, Grayson A Tung, Dina M Fonseca
The northeastern United States (US) is a hotspot for tick-borne diseases. Adding to an already complex vector landscape, in 2017 large populations of the invasive Haemaphysalis longicornis, the Asian longhorned tick, were detected in New Jersey (NJ) and later found to be widespread from Connecticut to Georgia. In its native range in northeastern Asia, H. longicornis is considered an important vector of deadly pathogens to humans, companion animals, and livestock. To identify the primary hosts of H. longicornis, we surveyed synanthropic small and medium-sized mammals in three different sites in suburban New Brunswick, NJ...
July 17, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37467874/bird-species-with-wider-geographical-ranges-have-higher-blood-parasite-diversity-but-not-prevalence-across-the-african-eurasian-flyway
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary La Chapelle, Marcello Ruta, Jenny C Dunn
Avian blood parasites, from the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, are predicted to alter their range and prevalence as global temperatures change, and host and vector ranges shift. Understanding large-scale patterns in the prevalence and diversity of avian malaria and malaria-like parasites is important due to an incomplete understanding of their effects in the wild, where studies suggest even light parasitaemia can potentially cause rapid mortality, especially in naïve populations. We conducted phylogenetically controlled analyses to test for differences in prevalence and lineage diversity of haemoparasite infection (for Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) in and between resident and migratory species along the African-Eurasian flyway...
July 17, 2023: International Journal for Parasitology
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