Pathology

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This study explored the relationship between faecal microbiota distribution and local or systemic immune response in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The study population included 114 surgically treated CRC patients. Faeces were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The immune score in tumour microenvironment was evaluated using CD3 and CD8 immunohistochemistry. Genetic alterations, microsatellite instability status and five systemic inflammatory markers were also analysed. Thirty of 114 (26.3%) CRC patients were categorised as the 'immune type' with a high density of T-cells...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The clinical importance of assessing and combining data on TP53 mutations and isoforms is discussed in this article. It gives a succinct overview of the structural makeup and key biological roles of the isoforms. It then provides a comprehensive summary of the roles that p53 isoforms play in cancer development, therapy response and resistance. The review provides a summary of studies demonstrating the role of p53 isoforms as potential prognostic indicators. It further provides evidence on how the presence of TP53 mutations may affect one or more of these activities and the association of p53 isoforms with clinicopathological data in various tumour types...

The classification of myeloid neoplasms continues to evolve along with advances in molecular diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of disease. An approach for disease classification has been grounded in international consensus that has facilitated understanding, identification and management of molecularly heterogeneous entities, as well as enabled consistent patient stratification into clinical trials and clinical registries over time. The new World Health Organization (WHO) and International Consensus Classification (ICC) Clinical Advisory Committee releasing separate classification systems for myeloid neoplasms in 2022 precipitated some concern amongst haematopathology colleagues both locally and internationally...

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) have recently emerged as novel breast-specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and metaplastic carcinoma. The present study aimed to validate and compare the expression of MGP, TRPS1 and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) in metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC), invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) with special features, including special types of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC-STs) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type with unique features, and mammary and non-mammary salivary gland-type tumours (SGTs)...

Early induction response assessment with day-21 bone marrow (D21-BM) is commonly performed in patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), where detection of residual leukaemia (RL; blasts ≥5%) typically results in the administration of a second induction course. However, whether D21-BM results predict for RL at the end of first induction has not been systematically assessed. This study evaluates the predictive role of D21-BM morphology in detecting RL following first induction. Between August 2018 and March 2022, all patients with FLT3-AML receiving 7+3 plus midostaurin, with D21-BM performed, were identified...

Oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA) includes oesophageal (EA), gastro-oesophageal junctional (GEJA), and gastric (GA) adenocarcinomas. The prognostic values of clinicopathological factors in these tumours remain obscure, especially for GEJA that has been inconsistently classified and staged. We studied the prognosis of EGA patients among the three geographic groups in 347 consecutive patients with a median age of 70 years (range 47-94). All patients were male, and 97.1% were white. Based on tumour epicentre location, EGAs were sub-grouped into EA (over 2 cm above the GEJ; n=3, 18...

Discerning the type of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is crucial for transfusion support and initiation of treatment. This study aimed to establish the clinical profile and serological character of red cell autoantibodies and to investigate the relationship with haemolysis in AIHA patients who were direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive. A total of 59 DAT-positive AIHA patients were included in this study. Clinical, laboratory and serological findings were evaluated to find the gradation of haemolysis and to investigate its correlation with age, sex, type of autoantibody and level of autoantibody...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

We investigated the frequency and outcome of mono-hit and multi-hit TP53 aberrations [biallelic or ≥1 TP53 mutations (TP53mut) or TP53mut with variant allele frequency (VAF) ≥55%] in an Indian cohort of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. We employed fluorescence insitu hybridisation (FISH; n=457) and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS; n=244) on plasma cell-enriched samples. We also studied the impact of TP53mut in cases with and without TP53 deletions (TP53del). In our cohort with a median age of 60 years, TP53del and TP53mut were seen in 12...

SMARCA4 mutation has emerged as a marker of poor prognosis in lung cancer and has potential predictive value in cancer treatment, but recommendations for which patients require its investigation are lacking. We comprehensively studied SMARCA4 alterations and the clinicopathological significance in a large cohort of immunohistochemically-subtyped non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 1416 patients was studied for the presence of SMARCA4 deficiency by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Thereafter, comprehensive sequencing of tumours was performed for 397 of these patients to study the mutational spectrum of SWI/SNF and SMARCA4 aberrations...

External quality assessment programs (EQAP) for molecular haematology generally only assess the analytical phase of laboratory testing or provide limited evaluation of post-analytical components. We incorporated comprehensive post-analytical evaluation into an existing national inter-laboratory sample exchange program for molecular haematology due to the increasing complexity of diagnostic molecular testing and interpretation. We report key findings from four years of longitudinal data using this approach. Eighteen participating laboratories enrolled in an annual reciprocal sample exchange program from 2019-2022, which covered conventional and next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays...

Papillary renal neoplasm with reversed polarity (PRNRP) is a recently described rare renal neoplasm. Traditionally, it was considered a variant of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). However, several studies reported significant differences between PRNRP and PRCC in terms of clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features. Nonetheless, PRNRP remains a poorly understood entity. We used microarray analysis to elucidate the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and gene expression profiles of 10 PRNRP cases and compared them with other renal neoplasms...

Medical diagnostic laboratories have come under further scrutiny to ensure quality standards of their service and external quality assurance (EQA) programs involving multiple laboratories have been used to gauge this quality based on a consensus. However, because of the geographical distances within a country or internationally, cell surface marker expressions may change due to time delays and transport temperatures. Attention was given to this issue some decades ago and hence requires a re-evaluation in consideration of updated methods, reagents and instruments for flow cytometry and phenotyping...