journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395323/disaggregating-the-influence-of-maturity-status-on-training-anthropometric-performance-skeletal-periphery-and-hormonal-factors-in-athletic-boys
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Blair T Crewther, Zbigniew Staniak, Christian J Cook, Anna Pastuszak
Maturity offset (i.e., age from peak height velocity [PHV]) is widely used to assess maturational status among youth athletes, but details on the skeletal periphery, hormones and training factors are lacking. More precision is also needed to explicate the timing, tempo, and sequence of growth-related events. These gaps were addressed in a cross-sectional study. One hundred and two athletic boys (aged 14.1±0.5 years) were evaluated for training details, salivary testosterone and cortisol, height, body mass, body mass index, body fat, fat-free mass (FFM), hand and carpal bone area, bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), and countermovement jump performance...
February 21, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38387846/decreased-salivary-alpha-amylase-reactivity-for-excluded-young-women-after-a-speech-task
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madison E Stout, Bryant H Keirns, Austin R Medlin, Devanshi J Patel, Jennifer Byrd-Craven, Misty A W Hawkins
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has gained popularity as an easily collected biomarker for sympathetic nervous system activation, and research has shown increases in sAA after completing experimental stress tasks in certain groups. However, recent work suggests that salivary cortisol, another stress biomarker, is suppressed after a speech task among experimentally induced exclusion in young women. The present analysis investigated the sAA response in biologically female undergraduates (n=31) who completed a game of Cyberball and then a speech anticipation task...
February 20, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378074/the-functional-role-of-the-visual-and-olfactory-modalities-in-the-development-of-socially-transferred-mechanical-hypersensitivity-in-male-c57bl-6j-mice
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi Han, Lin Ai, Sha Sha, Jingwei Zhou, Hanyu Fu, Changcheng Sun, Ruiqi Liu, Anan Li, Jun-Li Cao, Ankang Hu, Hongxing Zhang
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the state of hyperalgesia could be socially transferred from one individual to another through a brief empathetic social contact. However, how the social transfer of pain develops during social contact is not well-known. Utilizing a well-established mouse model, the present study aims to study the functional role of visual and olfactory cues in the development of socially-transferred mechanical hypersensitivity. Behavioral tests demonstrated that one hour of brief social contact with a conspecific mouse injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was both sufficient and necessary for developing socially-transferred mechanical hypersensitivity...
February 18, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369217/neural-correlates-of-willingness-to-pay-for-items-a-meta-analysis-of-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-studies
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiwen Wang, Xiaoqiang Yao
Willingness to pay (WTP) pervades every marketplace transaction, therefore, understanding how the brain makes bidding decisions is essential in consumer neuroscience. Although some neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural networks of WTP, systematic understanding remains limited. This study identified reliable neural networks activated by the WTP across different reward types and assessed common and distinct neural networks for different reward types (food and other) bids. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on WTP across different reward types (25 studies; 254 foci; 705 participants), and to compared neural representations of WTP for food reward (22 studies; 232 foci; 628 participants) and other rewards (7 studies, 61 foci; 177 participants)...
February 16, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38367943/a-high-salt-intake-in-early-life-affects-stress-coping-response-in-males-but-not-in-female-rats
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M W Lago, L S Marques, Juliano T K Jung, V Felipeto, C W Nogueira
Eating diets high in salt has been associated with alterations in the immune system and the potential development of neuropsychiatric disorders. This area of research shows promise, but there is currently a limited amount of research on this topic. The present study investigated whether a high salt diet (HSD) affects anhedonia and stress-coping response behaviors in young male and female Wistar rats. In this study, male and female Wistar rats were fed an HSD (8% NaCl w/w) from weaning to post-natal day (PND) 64...
February 15, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364985/evaluation-of-the-efficacy-of-a-light-ration-adapted-to-cold-weather-during-a-20-day-expedition-in-greenland
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keyne Charlot, Maxime Coca, Philippe Colin, Blandine Tavard, Cyprien Bourrilhon
INTRODUCTION: Limiting body mass loss during military expeditions/training in the cold by providing rations containing easy-to-use, highly palatable, and familiar foods is feasible, but the bulk/weight is too high to be realistically used in a military context. We carried out an analysis of lighter rations adapted to cold weather (1,011 g, 15.7 MJ/3750 kcal) during a 20-day expedition in Greenland. METHODS: Ten French soldiers daily reported all foods and beverages consumed, the reasons they did not consume certain foods, the palatability of each consumed food, the timing of intake, and the sensation of hunger using a diary...
February 14, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38360390/quercetin-loaded-nanoemulsions-prevent-scopolamine-induced-neurotoxicity-in-male-rats
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reza Babanzadeh, Seyed Yaser Vafaei, Davood Ahmadi Moghadam, Alireza Komaki, Mojdeh Mohammadi
Quercetin (QCT) is well-known as a neuroprotective agent due to its antioxidant capacities and reinstating mitochondrial functions. Scopolamine is commonly used as a model to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD-like) symptoms. The current study develops QCT-loaded nanoemulsion (QCT-NE) accompanied by evaluating its neuro-therapeutic effectiveness against SCO-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. The QCT-NE was prepared by the spontaneous emulsification technique and characterized by using particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, in vitro drug release behavior, and stability studies...
February 13, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38336088/discrimination-of-cellulose-microparticles-in-rats
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chihiro Nakatomi, Takutoshi Wakao, Taishi Yogi, Chia-Chien Hsu, Tadashi Inui, Kentaro Ono
Oral perception of food particles is important in mastication and swallowing. However, the mechanism underlying particle perception remains poorly understood because of the lack of suitable experimental systems. We evaluated microparticle perception in rats utilizing insoluble cellulose particles of varying diameters (20-170 μm). The cellulose additives have polycrystalline morphologies and contain smaller crushed particles. The filtrate containing 20 μm particles at a concentration of 1.6% was passed through 3 μm pore-size filter paper, and numerous small particles equivalent to a 0...
February 7, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38336087/assessment-of-the-inbred-c57bl-6-and-outbred-cd1-mouse-strains-using-a-progressive-ratio-schedule-during-development
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tania Campos-Ordoñez, Jonathan Buriticá
Inbred strains have a genetic similarity of at least 98.6% compared to their outbred counterparts. Several studies have shown that inbred C57BL/6 mice and outbred ICR (CD1) mice differ in locomotion, cognitive flexibility, and aggression. However, their performance in operant paradigms is not well understood. A progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement is a method of quantitative estimation of the incentive state of an animal for a reward by increasing response requirements for reinforcer delivery, which is relevant to assess the breakpoint (amount of response effort an animal is willing to invest for a single unit of reward)...
February 7, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38331375/effects-of-maternal-mild-hyperglycemia-associated-with-snack-intake-on-offspring-metabolism-and-behavior-across-the-lifespan
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marina Galleazzo Martins, Barbara Woodside, Ana Carolina Inhasz Kiss
The increasing prevalence of diabetes is of particular concern in women of childbearing age because of the short and long-term consequences of maternal diabetes for the health of the offspring, such as a greater risk of developing metabolic impairments and cognitive deficits. In addition, maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation might contribute to preventing or ameliorating adverse offspring outcomes. Recently, we described that access to snacks exacerbates glucose intolerance in mildly hyperglycemic pregnant dams...
February 6, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38331374/the-estrogenic-reduction-in-water-intake-stimulated-by-dehydration-involves-estrogen-receptor-alpha-and-a-potential-role-for-glp-1
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia A Howell, Andrea A Edwards, Jessica Santollo
It is well documented that estrogens inhibit fluid intake. Most of this research, however, has focused on fluid intake in response to dipsogenic hormone and/or drug treatments in euhydrated rats. Additional research is needed to fully characterize the fluid intake effects of estradiol in response to true hypovolemia. As such, the goals of this series of experiments were to provide a detailed analysis of water intake in response to water deprivation in ovariectomized female rats treated with estradiol. In addition, these experiments also tested if activation of estrogen receptor alpha is sufficient to reduce water intake stimulated by water deprivation and tested for a role of glucagon like peptide-1 in the estrogenic control of water intake...
February 6, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38316171/high-perceived-stress-is-associated-with-decreased-sensory-specific-satiety-in-humans
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuqing Yan, Haiyang Yu, Pengfei Han
Previous studies have shown that chronic stress increases food intake. One possible mechanism may be due to altered sensory-specific satiety (SSS) among people with high level of chronic stress. In the current study seventy-six participants were divided into either high-stress or low-stress groups according to their Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores. Participants were assigned to consume one of two foods (banana milk and corn soup) ad libitum until they felt comfortably satiated. Before and after eating, participants rated their liking and wanting for the flavor and the odor (via retronasal and orthonasal routes) of the eaten and uneaten foods...
February 3, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38309608/the-impact-of-daily-affective-touch-on-cortisol-levels-in-institutionalized-fostered-children
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elena I Nikolaeva, Eva A Dydenkova, Larisa A Mayorova, Galina V Portnova
Institutionalized children are often deprived of affective touch. Such tactile deprivation often leads to constant stress, as measured by the levels of salivary cortisol. We report here the impact of an affective touch program, optimized to activate a specific population of unmyelinated mechanosensitive nerves in the skin called c-tactile afferents (CT) on stress tolerance. Two populations of children (age 4-10) were recruited: i) a cohort living in an orphanage and ii) a fostered cohort. Both groups received the affective touch program daily for 10-15 minutes for 5-6 weeks...
February 1, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38307360/the-effect-of-multisensory-context-and-experience-on-flavor-preference-decisions-in-rats
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alex Hua, Timothy V Dong, Joost X Maier
Flavor is perceived through multiple senses, including gustation and olfaction. Previous studies have shown that different sensory qualities that make up flavor are integrated to inform perceptual judgements. Psychophysical work in humans further suggests a prominent role for congruency (i.e., the learnt correspondence between taste and odor components of flavor through eating experience) in shaping multisensory interactions underlying perceptual judgments of flavor. However, eating experience cannot be controlled in humans, and depending on the type of judgement, these studies yielded mixed findings...
January 31, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38307359/changes-in-reward-induced-neural-activity-upon-cafeteria-diet-consumption
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Heijkoop, J F Lalanza, M Solanas, A Álvarez-Monell, A Subias-Gusils, R M Escorihuela, E M S Snoeren
Excessive consumption of highly palatable foods rich in sugar and fat, often referred to as "junk" or "fast" foods, plays a central role in the development of obesity. The highly palatable characteristics of these foods activate hedonic and motivational mechanisms to promote food-seeking behavior and overeating, which is largely regulated by the brain reward system. Excessive junk food consumption can alter the functioning of this reward system, but exact mechanisms of these changes are still largely unknown...
January 31, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38301945/parental-preconception-stress-in-zebrafish-induces-long-lasting-anxiety-in-offspring
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Venkata Yeramilli, Cristina Sanchez Rizek, Jessica Graham, Mohammad Moughnyeh, Chris Taylor, Riadh Cheddadi, Sophie Patterson, Stephen Watts, Colin Martin
The growth and function of the vertebrate brain are impacted by environmental stimuli and early life stress. Adults who experience chronic stress during early life are more likely to suffer various neurodevelopmental and health issues. However, our understanding of how these specific environmental signals at different developmental stages affect brain development is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated if stress in parents prior to conception modulates neurodevelopment in offspring. We used a chronic unpredictable stress model adapted to zebrafish, which is an increasingly popular vertebrate model in neuroscience research to investigate the effects of both maternal and paternal preconception stress on offspring behavior...
January 30, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38280461/individual-differences-in-cephalic-phase-insulin-response-are-stable-over-time-and-predict-glucose-tolerance-in-mice
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John I Glendinning, Zoee Drimmer, Rayna Isbar
Oral stimulation by glucose triggers a rapid insulin response, which enhances glucose tolerance. This so-called cephalic-phase insulin response (CPIR) has been documented in many mammal species, but its functional properties are poorly characterized. Here, we studied CPIR in lean C57BL/6 mice. Experiment 1 asked whether the large individual differences in CPIR magnitude were real or reflected experimental noise. We measured CPIR magnitude four times across a period of 30 days in the same mice. The individual differences in CPIR magnitude were remarkably stable across the repeated trials, indicating that they were real...
January 25, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278502/gender-differences-in-the-relationship-between-neuroticism-and-odor-memory
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnieszka Sabiniewicz, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Massimiliano Palmiero, Michele Nicotra, Piotr Sorokowski
Given the indications on the relationship between neuroticism and various olfactory functions as well as the emotionality of odor memory, it is surprising that no research so far has investigated whether neuroticism corresponds with odor memory performance. Thus, the purpose of our study was to address this question in the context of gender differences. Participants (73 men) completed the 60-items NEO Five Factor Inventory and participated in 32-items "Test for odor memory". In the separate analyses conducted for men and women, we demonstrated that women outperformed men regarding the number of correct odor recognitions in the odor memory test and had higher neuroticism level than men...
January 24, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38272107/characterizing-a-new-tool-to-manipulate-area-postrema-glp1r-neurons-across-species
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie Fulton, Charles C Horn, Chuchu Zhang
Nausea is an uncomfortable sensation that accompanies many therapeutics, especially diabetes treatments involving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists. Recent studies in mice have revealed that GLP1R-expressing neurons in the area postrema play critical roles in nausea. Here, we characterized a ligand-conjugated saporin that can efficiently ablate GLP1R+ cells from humans, mice, and the Suncus murinus, a small animal model capable of emesis. This new tool provides a strategy to manipulate specific neural pathways in the area postrema in the Suncus murinus and may help elucidate roles of area postrema GLP1R+ neurons in emesis during therapeutics involving GLP1R agonists...
January 23, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38262572/bitter-taste-function-related-genes-are-implicated-in-the-behavioral-association-between-taste-preference-and-ethanol-preference-in-male-mice
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna P Koh, Molly I Smith, Robin Dando
Alcohol use disorder in humans is highly heritable, and as a term is synonymous with alcoholism, alcohol dependence, and alcohol addiction. Defined by the NIAAA as a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences, the genetic basis of alcohol dependence is much studied. However, an intriguing component to alcohol acceptance exists outside of genetics and social factors. In fact, mice of identical genetic backgrounds without any prior experience of tasting ethanol display widely varying preferences to it, far beyond those seen for typical tastant solutions...
January 21, 2024: Physiology & Behavior
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