Chemotherapy

INTRODUCTION: The relationship of CYP2A6 polymorphisms with S-1 therapy outcomes in gastric cancer is unclear. This review aims to assess the association between CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms (CYP2A6*4, *7, *9, *10) and S-1 therapy outcomes in gastric cancer, aiming to identify predictive markers for S-1 efficacy and adverse reactions. METHODS: We searched seven databases, using random or fixed effect models to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) based on study heterogeneity...

BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses are etiological agents which cause contagious respiratory, seasonal epidemics and, for Influenza A subtypes, pandemics. The clinical picture of Influenza has undergone continuous change over the years, due to intrinsic viral evolution as well as "reassortment" of its genomic segments. The history of Influenza highlights its ability to adapt and to rapidly evolve, without specific circumstances. This reflects the complexity of this pathology and poses the fundamental question about its assumption as a "common illness" and its impact on public health...

Introduction With the increasing use of Blinatumomab in relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including MRD-positive cases, awareness of its adverse effects has gradually improved. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) associated with Blinatumomab therapy is rare. Case Presentation We present a case of PCP in a patient undergoing Blinatumomab therapy. A 70-year-old female diagnosed with Philadelphia-like, CRLF2 overexpression B-cell precursor ALL received Blinatumomab as consolidation therapy after achieving complete remission with prior induction chemotherapy...

Introduction Casiopeina III-ia (CasIII-ia) is a mixed chelate copper (II) compound capable of interacting with free radicals generated in the respiratory chain through redox reactions, producing toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that compromise the viability of cancer cells, bacteria and protozoa. Due to its remarkable effect on protozoa, this study evaluated the effect of CasIII-ia on Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana) amastigotes and its potential use as a treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the murine model...

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is extensively employed in breast cancer (BC), primarily for aggressive subtypes like triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive BC, and in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/ HER2- BC with high-risk features. In ER+/HER2- breast cancer, pathological complet rates are much lower (<10%), while axillary dissection rates are higher. This study focuses on hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- BC patients undergoing NAC, examining its impact on pathological complete response (pCR) rates, with specific attention to tumor Ki67 and ER status...

Sarcopenia has been associated with chronic diseases and cancer. Aim of this study was to evaluate sarcopenia in Multiple Myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell trans-plantation. In 68 eligible patients' measurement of skeletal muscle area (cm2) on computed tomography scans at the level of the L3 vertebra (L3-SMI) was performed. 37(54%) patients were categorized as sarcopenic: 26 males with L3-SMI values < 52.4 cm2/m2, and 11 women with L3-SMI values < 38.9 cm2/m2. The majority of sarcopenic patients included were older than 60 years (69%, p=0...

INTRODUCTION: Kodamaea ohmeri (K. ohmeri) is an emerging fungus recognized as an important pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, responsible for life-threatening infections. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a 69-year-old immunocompetent man with a long history of leg skin ulcers infected by K. ohmeri. This is the first case of leg wounds infected by K. ohmeri in an immunocompetent patient. The infection was successfully treated with voriconazole 200 mg daily...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent interval cytoreductive surgery after 3-4 cycles or 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients. METHODS: Out of 219 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer,123 patients received 3-4 cycles and 96 patients received 6 cycles of platinum-based NACT. Afterwards, laparotomy was performed for interval cytoreductive surgery...

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancer is the 5th most common cancer and 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are three main ways to treat gastric cancer: surgical resection, radiation therapy, and drug therapy. Furthermore, combinations of two to three regimens can improve survival. However, the survival outcomes of chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients are still unsatisfactory. Unfortunately, no widely useful biomarkers have been verified to predict the efficacy of chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer...

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INTRODUCTION: Although there is now a consensus on asparaginase-based chemotherapy regimens in treatment of advanced-stage extranodal natural killer / T cell lymphomas (ENKTCLs), patient survival in the real-world setting is still not optimistic according to previous literature reports, and the optimal chemotherapeutic regimens and integration of different therapeutic methods under the concept of combined-modality treatment still need to be further explored and verified. METHODS: Newly diagnosed stage Ⅲ / Ⅳ ENKTCL patients from Chinese National Cancer Center in the last two decades were retrospectively collected and analyzed...

Introduction Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare respiratory condition caused by eosinophil accumulation in the pulmonary tissue that can be related to drug administration. Daptomycin, an antibiotic active against gram-positive bacteria, is one of the leading causes of AEP among drugs. In order to raise awareness of this rare syndrome, in our work we have described a case of an 82 years-old male with Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis treated with daptomycin, who developed a daptomycin-induced AEP...

BACKGROUNDS: Oral colonization and infections are frequently observed in patients during and soon after radiation therapy (RT). Infective mucositis is a common side effect associated with cancer therapy, characterized by an inflammation of the oral mucous membranes with histological mucosal and submucosal changes. Ulcerative mucositis is responsible for significant pain, impairing the patient's nutritional intake and leading to local or systemic infections promoting mycosis due to several species of the genus Candida...

INTRODUCTION: For primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type (PC DLBCL-LT) there are no uniform recommendations for second-line treatment in case of relapse. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we present the case of an elderly relapsed/refractory PC DLBCL-LT patient who obtained a prolonged clinical complete remission with lenalidomide. CONCLUSION: Lenalidomide as single agent led to an unexpected long complete response with manageable toxicity...

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are known to cause perforation as one of its severe side effects, and postoperative and post-radiation therapy are known risk factors. However, there are few studies on perforation following tumor shrinkage. A 78-year-old woman with postoperative recurring left collecting duct carcinoma of the right hilar lymph nodes and mediastinum underwent eight courses of nivolumab plus cabozantinib, resulting in tumor shrinkage. Three days after the last administration, she developed fever and cough and was hospitalized for right lobar pneumonia...

BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography (PET) with the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), implemented with low dosage Computer Tomography (CT), is to be considered as the most important evolution of imaging in the management and assessment of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) patients. SUMMARY: According to Lugano response criteria, FDG-PET is mandatory to define metabolic response to frontline therapy and moreover it is important in the definition of non-responders or refractory disease patients...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious health threat, and it has high priority among the European public health agenda. The development and implementation of the National Action Plans (NAP) with a One Health perspective to fight AMR was supported in 2017 by the European Union (EU) through a Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (EU-JAMRAI). The Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), supported by the University of Udine, and the University of Foggia were among the 44 partners involved...

Castleman disease (CD) is nonclonallymphoproliferative disorders defined by hypertrophy of lymph nodes. The multicentric form (MCD), in which multiple lymph node stations are involved, is not associated with HHV8 infection, but considered idiopathic, although IL-6 appears to play a central role in its pathogenesis. Here we report the case of a patient that presented with mixed AIHA and adenopathy, that was very challenging to diagnose due to very low values of hemoglobin and refractoriness of obtaining any improvement of AIHA with standard first and second lines of therapy (steroids, rituximab, immunoglobulin, erythropoietin, and cyclosporine)...

INTRODUCTION: Monitoring of AUC24 was updated recommendation in the guideline for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin in Chinese pharmacological society published in 2020. Vancomycin pharmacokinetic profiles are diverse and unique in critically ill patients because of the drastic variability of the patients' physiological parameters, while the study for population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models in Chinese critically ill patients has been rarely reported. The objectives of this study were to construct a PPK model to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of vancomycin in critically ill patients and to individualize vancomycin dosing by model-informed Bayesian estimation for maintenance of AUC24 target at 400-650 mg h/L recommended by the 2020 guideline...

TTuberous sclerosis (TS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic multisystem disease caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene and results in the growth of non-cancerous masses in several organs. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the predominant non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and young adults. Metronomic chemotherapy (mCHEMO) ca be defined as the frequent, regular administration of drug doses able to maintain a low, but active, range of concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs, during prolonged periods of time...