Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases

BACKGROUND: Advancing the endotracheal tube (ETT) over a flexible bronchoscope (FB) during awake fiber-optic intubation (AFOI) is often impeded. Various maneuvers and tracheal tubes designed to overcome this obstruction may also be unsuccessful or costly. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to assess how the novel double configuration ETT affected AFOI success rates on the first attempt. METHODS: A randomized controlled experiment including 40 individuals receiving awake fiber-optic orotracheal intubation was performed in a 1:1 ratio with a single ETT railroaded with its bevel posteriorly (ST) or railroading with a double setup ETT (DT) over a flexible videoscope (FVS) for tracheal intubation...

BACKGROUND: The value of pre-booked repeated thoracentesis in patients with recurrent pleural effusion is reliant on the estimation of time to next drainage. Identifying factors associated with rapid pleural fluid recurrence could be supportive. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the ability of the patient and physician to predict the time to next therapeutic thoracentesis and to identify characteristics associated with rapid pleural fluid recurrence. METHOD: In a prospective, observational study, patients with recurrent unilateral pleural effusion and the physician were to predict the time to next symptom-guided therapeutic thoracentesis...

BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 Interstitial Lung Disease (PC-ILD) is characterized by fibrotic-like signs at high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is still not clear how frequent these tests should be performed to rule out long-term consequences of COVID-19 pneumonia. OBJECTIVES: The aims of our study were to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of PC-ILD and possibly to propose a long-term follow-up program...

BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopy is an essential procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. However, the literature suggests that distractions affect the quality of bronchoscopy and affect inexperienced doctors more than experienced. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was as follows: does simulation-based bronchoscopy training with immersive virtual reality (iVR) improve the doctors' ability to handle distractions and thereby increase the quality, measured in procedure time, structured progression score, diagnostic completeness (%), and hand motor movements of a diagnostic bronchoscopy in a simulated scenario...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Voluntary breath-holding (BH) triggers responses from central neural control and respiratory centers in order to restore breathing. Such responses can be observed using functional MRI (fMRI). OBJECTIVES: We used this paradigm in healthy volunteers with the view to develop a biomarker that could be used to investigate disorders of the central control of breathing at the individual patient level. METHOD: In 21 healthy human subjects (mean age±SD, 32...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Endoscopic lung volume reduction procedure with valves is a well-studied treatment option for advanced lung emphysema to target lung hyperinflation in carefully selected patients with COPD. Before valve implantation, collateral ventilation (CV) of the target lobe needs to be assessed to obtain an optimal treatment effect. The analysis of CV according to current standards occurs via an in vivo assessment with the Chartis®system (PulmonX Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA) and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax with interlobar fissure analysis...

BACKGROUND: Mechanical insufflation/exsufflation (MI-E) devices are often prescribed to patients with inefficient cough and recurrent infections, but their use in the home setting is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to report a real-life experience and identify factors that are associated with home MI-E use in adult patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational study of adult subjects with neurological disease using MI-E at home for more than 3 months...

BACKGROUND: A well-recognized therapy to improve the symptoms of patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE), indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) can also achieve spontaneous pleurodesis. Chemical pleurodesis is associated with a significant pro-coagulation and fibrinolytic environment. Hence, anticoagulation could theoretically interfere with this process. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if anticoagulation can interfere with successful spontaneous pleurodesis in patients treated with IPC...

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an established modality for percutaneous ablation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in medically inoperable patients but is underutilized clinically due to side effects. We have developed a novel, completely endobronchial RFA catheter with an externally cooled electrode. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to establish the safety and feasibility of bronchoscopic RFA using a novel, externally cooled catheter for ablation of peripheral NSCLC...

BACKGROUND: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most prevalent clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Endosonography is the recommended technique in the diagnostic work-up of mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a self-contained cartridge-based fully automated DNA testing platform which can accurately detect both tuberculosis and mycobacterial resistance to rifampicin. A few studies assessed its accuracy for mediastinal lymph node aspirates collected using endosonography...

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common pulmonary manifestation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to clarify the clinical predictors of mortality in a cohort of patients with AAV-related ILD (AAV-ILD). METHOD: We retrospectively identified AAV-ILD patients seen at Peking University First Hospital from January 2010 to June 2020 and manually screened for study inclusion. Baseline computed tomography (CT) images were further classified as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), organizing pneumonia (OP), and unclassified ILD...

BACKGROUND: Pleural infection represents a significant clinical challenge worldwide. Although prompt drainage of pleural fluid is thought to play a key role in pleural infection management, the optimal size of intrapleural catheter has yet to be defined. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize data on efficacy and complications of small-bore drain (SBD), defined as ≤14F, in comparison to large-bore drain (LBD) in patients with pleural infection...

BACKGROUND: Physiological and prognostic associations of centrilobular emphysema (CLE) and paraseptal emphysema (PSE) in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been increasingly recognized, but the associations with extrapulmonary abnormalities, such as muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases, remain unestablished. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether CLE was associated with extrapulmonary abnormalities independent of concomitant PSE in smokers without airflow limitation...

BACKGROUND: Manual measurement of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) images means a heavy workload in the clinical practice, which can also introduce bias if the subjective opinions of doctors are involved. OBJECTIVE: We aim to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based EB-OCT image analysis algorithm to automatically identify and measure EB-OCT parameters of airway morphology. METHODS: The ResUNet, MultiResUNet, and Siamese network were used for analyzing airway inner area (Ai), airway wall area (Aw), airway wall area percentage (Aw%), and airway bifurcate segmentation obtained from EB-OCT imaging, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation is an established treatment option for early-stage lung cancer in medically inoperable patients but carries a high risk of pleura-related complications, particularly pneumothorax. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if image-guided transbronchial microwave ablation (tMWA) is a feasible approach to treat peripheral stage 1 lung cancer. METHOD: A prospective, single-arm, multicenter study sought to enroll 40 adults who were medically inoperable or declined surgery for peripheral stage 1 lung tumors (≤20 mm)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.