Caries Research

INTRODUCTION: this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different chemical agents on stain removal and mineral uptake of artificial dentin caries (ADC) lesions treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF). METHODS: baseline L*a*b* values were determined in polished human permanent dentin blocks, and ADC lesions were induced with an acid gel for 1 week. Samples were assigned to four groups: three groups where half of each sample received SDF (30% SDF for 3 min), while the other half received SDF followed by a bleaching treatment protocol (garlic extract, bentonite, or 35% hydrogen peroxide)...

Introduction Localized non-inheritable developmental defects of tooth enamel (DDE) are classified as enamel hypoplasia (EH), opacity (OP) and post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) using the Enamel Defects Index. To better understand the etiology of DDE, we assessed the linkages amongst exposome variables for these defects during the specific time duration for enamel mineralization of the human primary maxillary central incisor enamel crowns. In general, these two teeth develop between 13-14 weeks in utero and 3-4 weeks' postpartum of a full-term delivery, followed by tooth eruption at about 1 year of age...

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There is a growing need for effective methods in the management of early-stage carious lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride on white spot lesions (WSLs) compared to fluoride-only interventions. This meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021286245). The Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central databases were searched until October 17, 2022. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs)...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of film-forming polymer solutions of different concentrations and pH values, either associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-), when applied during the initial stage of salivary pellicle formation, to prevent the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HA), which was determined by the pH-stat method. Polyacrylic acid (PA), Chitosan, Sodium linear polyphosphate (LPP), Polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA) and Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were tested in three concentrations (lower, medium, higher), two pH values (native or adjusted) and either associated or not with F...

Red-fluorescing dentine indicates bacterial contamination [Lennon et al.: Caries Res 2002;36:315-319]. We investigated effect of removal of red-fluorescent dentine-caries on shear-bond-strength and fracture-mode of 4 adhesive approaches. Sixty-five carious teeth and 50 non-carious controls were distributed into 4 groups: ClearfilTM self-etch (CSE), OptibondTM FL total-etch (OTE), ScotchbondTM Universal total-etch (STE) and self-etch (SSE). Samples were excited at 405nm and viewed through 530nm filter. Carious samples were ground flat exposing strongly red-fluorescing-dentine (StrongRF), on which a composite-cylinder was placed, using one of 4 adhesives...

A highly cited paper is a milestone and might impact research and clinical practice. The present study analyzed the 100 most-cited papers on fluoride varnishes in dentistry. A search was performed on July 20, 2022, on the Web of Science Core Collection. Two independent researchers extracted the following data: number and citation density; year and journal of publication; study design; main topic; authors; institutions; keywords; countries and continents. Scopus and Google Scholar were consulted to compare the number of citations...

Racially minoritized children often bear a greater burden of dental caries, but the overall magnitude of racial gaps in oral health and their underlying factors are unknown. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to fill these knowledge gaps. We compared racially minoritized (E) children aged 5-11 years (P) with same-age privileged groups (C) to determine the magnitude and correlates of racial inequities in dental caries (O) in observational studies (S). Using the PICOS selection criteria, a targeted search was performed from inception to December 1, 2021, in nine major electronic databases and an online web search for additional grey literature...

Sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) as toothpaste additive is claimed to reduce erosive tooth wear and to stabilize stannous ions. However, little is known about the impact of concentration and its interactions with fluoride (F) or stannous+fluoride ions (F/Sn) on enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. In a ten day cyclic in-vitro erosion-abrasion model, 320 flat human enamel specimens were divided into ten groups (n = 32 each) and daily subjected to six erosive challenges (0.5% citric acid, 2 min) and two toothpaste suspension applications (2 min, 1:3 F-free toothpaste:mineral-salt-solution, 0...

BACKGROUND: This study identified factors that influence dentists' decisions regarding less invasive caries removal techniques such as stepwise removal (SW) and selective removal (SE) using a marketing research technique, conjoint analysis. METHODS: A survey was sent to 1,434 dentists practicing in Iowa. Dentists were randomly assigned to receive a questionnaire to rate the likelihood they would use either SW/SE in hypothetical clinical scenarios. The scenarios were carefully created by conjoint design and included three relevant attributes: depth of lesion, hardness of carious dentin and patient age...

Green tea-derived catechins, which can be divided into galloylated (epicatechin gallate: ECG, epigallocatechin gallate: EGCG) and non-galloylated (catechin: C, epicatechin: EC, epigallocatechin: EGC) catechins, are considered to be the main contributors to the caries control potential of green tea. In this study, we intended to compare the antimicrobial effects of these representative green tea-derived catechins and their combined effects with fluoride on the acid production and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans...

Due to practical difficulties in quantifying fluoride exposure in populations, practical and accurate biomarkers can play a major role in the surveillance of fluoride. Among different fluoride biomarkers, spot urine and nail-clippings have gained more attention due to their ease of acquisition. However, there is no robust consensus about the accuracy of these biomarkers for the estimation of fluoride exposure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on the association between fluoride exposure and the fluoride concentration of spot urine and nail-clippings...

The objective was to study the long-term effects on oral health of bariatric surgery compared with medical treatment of obesity. Swedish females with morbid obesity (n = 66;18-35 years at baseline) were followed prospectively from before obesity treatment until two years after treatment. The main response variable was dental caries registered according to the ICDAS-II system. Possible confounding caused by sociodemographic characteristics, general health, oral health habits and oral hygiene was controlled for...

Early caries diagnosis is crucial to treatment decisions in dentistry and requires identification of lesion activity: whether a carious lesion is active (progressively demineralizing) or arrested (progressively remineralizing). This study aimed to identify microtomographic (micro-CT) differences between active and arrested smooth surface enamel lesions, to quantify those micro-CT differences by creating thresholds for ex vivo caries activity assessment to serve as a future reference standard, and to validate those thresholds against the remaining sample...

This prospective cohort study assessed the radiographic progression of underlying dentin shadows (UDS) on the occlusal surfaces of permanent posterior teeth of adolescents and young adults over 1-2 years and to identify possible risk factors. A total of 149 UDS lesions (from 101 individuals) were included at baseline. Each participant had to present at least one UDS to be considered eligible for the study. Data collection included the application of a questionnaire, clinical examination, and bilateral bitewing radiographs, performed at baseline and after 1-2 years...

The management of the deep carious lesion with reversible pulpitis is a dilemma for the dentist. The current study compared selective removal of soft dentine (SRSD) to full pulpotomy for treating proximal deep carious lesions in teeth with reversible pulpitis. Visual-tactile examination and bitewing radiographs were used to determine the depth of carious lesion and American Association of Endodontist recommendations were used to formulate pulp diagnosis. Sixty mandibular molar teeth from healthy patients between the ages of 16-35 years and a diagnosis of proximal deep carious lesion with reversible pulpitis were included...

The aim of this study was to determine the immediate and sustained effect of a fluoride varnish and its combinations with toothpastes in preventing root caries development using a salivary microcosm in vitro model. Human root dentin specimens (n=150) were randomly divided into 5 experimental protocols (n=30): (1) Fluoride Varnish (V); (2) V followed by Paste One (V+PO); (3) V followed by Paste Plus (V+PP); (4) V followed by PO and PP (V+PO+PP); and (5) No treatment (control). One varnish layer was applied on the specimens (except for the control group) and kept for 18 h...

A validated protocol used to determine how much of total fluoride is bioavailable in toothpaste formulations was evaluated if it could be simplified regarding the following parameters: (i) concentration of the slurry (0.25-4%), (ii) centrifugation speed (1,000-12,000 g) and time (1-10 min) and (iii) incubation time for FPO32- ion hydrolysis and insoluble-F dissolution (15-60 min). Fresh and aged Na2FPO3/CaCO3 and fresh NaF/SiO2 based toothpastes were analyzed (n=9). The improvements were: the centrifugation at 1,000 g for 5 min is enough to separate insoluble-F and the time for FPO32- ion hydrolysis and insoluble-F dissolution can be shortened to 30 min...

Maintaining optimal oral health behavior in children with a congenital heart defect (CHD) is important in managing the risk for caries development and infective endocarditis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an early and repeat oral health promotion intervention (OHPI) among of children with major CHD. Randomized controlled trial including 72 out of 91 children born in Finland 1.4.2017-31.10.2020 with a) major CHD potentially included in the criteria of endocarditis prophylaxis or b) any CHD with surgical repair combined with a chromosomal syndrome...

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of spin in the titles and abstracts of RCTs in dental caries with statistically nonsignificant primary outcomes and to assess the risk indicators which may be associated with spin. Any original publication reporting a two-arm RCT in dental caries with clearly identified statistically nonsignificant primary outcomes published from January 1, 2015 until October 28, 2022 were included. PubMed was searched electronically to identify the eligible publications. The prevalence of spin in titles and abstracts were assessed and categorized into spin patterns based on a pre-determined classification scheme...