Pediatric Research

BACKGROUND: Lyme disease is common among children and adolescents. Antibiotic treatment is effective, yet some patients report persistent symptoms following treatment, with or without functional impairment. This study characterized long-term outcome of pediatric patients with Lyme disease and evaluated the case definition of post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) syndrome. METHODS: The sample included 102 children with confirmed Lyme disease diagnosed 6 months-10 years prior to enrollment (M = 2...

Cerebrovascular reactivity defines the ability of the cerebral vasculature to regulate its resistance in response to both local and systemic factors to ensure an adequate cerebral blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the brain. The increasing adoption of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and perfusion allowed investigation of the mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular reactivity in the neonatal population, confirming important associations with pathological conditions including the development of brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Effort of Breathing (EOB) calculations may be a reliable alternative to Work of Breathing (WOB) calculations in which Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography (RIP) replaces spirometry. We sought to compare EOB and WOB measurements in a nonhuman primate model of increasing extrathoracic inspiratory resistance simulating upper airway obstruction (UAO). METHODS: RIP, spirometry, and esophageal manometry were measured in spontaneously breathing, intubated Rhesus monkeys utilizing 11 calibrated resistors randomly applied for 2-min...

BACKGROUND: Screentime (ST) has been increasingly pervasive in young children. Evidence suggests positive and negative effects of ST on children's development. Parents play a crucial role in influencing their children's ST. There is limited research consolidating the parental perceptions related to children's ST. This review consolidates the evidence on the perception of parents on their children's ST. METHODS: Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ProQuest) were searched from their inception to September 2022...

BACKGROUND: Using maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) to study brainstem neural conduction and maturation in fetal growth restriction (FGR) babies born very prematurely and assess the effect of FGR on brainstem neural maturation. METHODS: MLS BAER was recorded and analyzed at a mean 40 week postmenstrual age in babies born at 27-32 week gestation without other major perinatal conditions or problems. The data were compared between babies with FGR (n = 30) and age-matched babies without FGR (n = 34) to define any differences...

BACKGROUND: The prediction model of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in Kawasaki disease can calculate the probability of IVIG resistance and provide a basis for clinical decision-making. We aim to assess the quality of these models developed in the children with Kawasaki disease. METHODS: Studies of prediction models for IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease were identified through searches in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Two investigators independently performed literature screening, data extraction, quality evaluation, and discrepancies were settled by a statistician...

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important contributor to disability worldwide. The current cardiotocography (CTG) predictive value for neonatal outcome is limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of intrapartum CTG deceleration and acceleration areas with early MRI cerebral pathology in infants with HIE. METHODS: Term and near-term low-risk pregnancies that resulted in HIE, treated with therapeutic hypothermia with sufficient CTG records from a single, tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2021 were enrolled...

BACKGROUND: In children with an allergy to cow's milk proteins (CMA), the altered composition of intestinal microbiota influences the immune tolerance to milk proteins (CMP). This study aims to investigate the effect of probiotics on the phenotype and activation status of peripheral basophils and lymphocytes in a pediatric CMA cohort. METHODS: CMA children underwent 45 days of treatment with Bifidobacteria. The basophil degranulation and the immune phenotype of B cells, T helper cells, and regulatory T cells were analyzed in peripheral blood at diagnosis (T0), after a 45-day probiotic treatment (T1), and 45 days after the probiotic wash-out (T2)...

BACKGROUND: Deep learning (DL) is more and more widely used in children's medical treatment. In this study, we have developed a computed tomography (CT)-based DL model for identifying undiagnosed non-Wilms tumors (nWTs) from pediatric renal tumors. METHODS: This study collected and analyzed the preoperative clinical data and CT images of pediatric renal tumor patients diagnosed by our center from 2008 to 2020, and established a DL model to identify nWTs noninvasively...

BACKGROUND: Given the countrywide lockdown in the first pandemic period and the respective Hospital restrictive policies, we aimed to investigate if the SARS-COV-2 pandemic was associated to a reduced parental presence in the NICU and in which form this had an impact on infant wellbeing. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study about altered NICUs parental presence (measured by number of visits and kangaroo care time) due to pandemic restrictive policies and its impact on infant wellbeing (measured through The Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation scale and nurses' descriptive documentation)...

BACKGROUND: To assess the association and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in infants diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample dataset for the years 2010 through 2018. We evaluated the prevalence and outcomes associated with AKI in infants diagnosed with CDH. Outcomes were assessed using regression analysis while controlling for variables. RESULTS: A total of 32,042,481 term infants were identified, of them 10,804 had CDH...

BACKGROUND: Obesity and obesity-related morbidities are associated with poor psychosocial adjustment and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aims to examine HRQoL and psychosocial outcomes in children with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), and the effects of familial health on these outcomes. METHODS: Four hundred and six children with BMI for age ≥ 97th percentile were classified as having MHO and MUO based on the absence or presence of metabolic abnormalities...

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized children with acute kidney injury (AKI) have not been extensively studied for clinical outcomes including hospital stay, the need for mechanical ventilation, mortality rates, and healthcare utilization. We hypothesize significant financial costs and increased morbidity and mortality associated with pediatric AKI. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients (age ≤18 years) included in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Patients with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for impaired neurodevelopment. Cerebral blood supply may be diminished by congenital anomalies of cardiovascular anatomy and myocardial function. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the current knowledge on cerebral hemodynamics in infants with severe CHD. A scoping review was performed. Five databases were searched for articles published from 01/1990 to 02/2022 containing information on cerebral hemodynamics assessed by neuroimaging methods in patients with severe CHD within their first year of life...

BACKGROUND: Ibuprofen liquid comes in two pediatric concentrations: 200 mg/5 mL for infants and 100 mg/5 mL for children. This study aimed to investigate the misdosing of ibuprofen liquid products by comparing administration accuracy with differing pediatric concentrations and dosages. METHODS: Subject selection included 116 volunteers. Participants were provided with the children's ibuprofen package including the dosing cup, the infants' ibuprofen package including the infant dosing dropper, and a 5 mL syringe...

Dietary protein intake in the first year of life might influence later growth. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the growth effects of interventions based on infant formula composition providing different amounts of protein within the first year of life of healthy term infants; in the absence of other comparable information over the investigated period, a meta-analysis further compared weight or length gain at 120 days from high- (>2.0 g/100 kcal) and low-protein (≤2.0 g/100 kcal) content formula groups...

BACKGROUND: Sustained systemic inflammatory response (SIR) was associated with poor postnatal growth in very preterm infants (VPI). We hypothesize that VPI with sustained SIR will exhibit linear growth retardation related to lower bone mass accrual mediated by GH/IGF-1 axis inhibition at term corrected age (CA). METHODS: C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, anthropometric, nutritional, neonatal and maternal data were collected prospectively in 23 infants <32 weeks gestational age...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.