International Journal of Cancer. Journal International du Cancer

In the primary analysis of the phase III OlympiAD trial, olaparib significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus chemotherapy treatment of physician's choice (TPC) in patients with germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm), HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC). We report subgroup analyses for the final analysis at a median OS follow-up of 18.9 months (olaparib) and 15.5 months (TPC). Patients (N=302) with gBRCAm, HER2-negative mBC and ≤2 previous lines of chemotherapy for mBC were randomized 2:1 to open-label olaparib (300mg twice daily) or TPC...

Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk for gastrointestinal cancers. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of antibodies to oral bacteria and the risk of colon cancer in a cohort setting. Using the CLUE I cohort, a prospective cohort initiated in 1974 in Washington County, Maryland, we conducted a nested case-control study to examine the association of levels of IgG antibodies to eleven oral bacterial species (thirteen total strains) with risk of colon cancer diagnosed a median of 16 years later (range: 1-26 years)...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with a high risk of relapse and metastatic spread. The actin-bundling protein fascin (FSCN1) is overexpressed in aggressive ACC and represents a reliable prognostic indicator. FSCN1 has been shown to synergize with VAV2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho/Rac GTPase family, to enhance the invasion properties of ACC cancer cells. Based on those results, we investigated the effects of FSCN1 inactivation by CRISPR/Cas9 or pharmacological blockade on the invasive properties of ACC cells, both in vitro and in an in vivo metastatic ACC zebrafish model...

A concern of reverse causation exists about the association between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis and body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis, while the prognostic impact of BMI measured years before diagnosis is unknown. Therefore, we investigated associations of pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment BMI and body shape on NPC mortality. From a population-based patient cohort in southern China between 2010 and 2013, we included 2526 incident NPC cases with prospective follow-up through 2018. We assessed the associations of BMI and body shape at age 20 years, 10 years before diagnosis, and at diagnosis with NPC mortality, combining strategies of stratification and statistical adjustment to minimise reverse causation...

Lung cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly, with a median age at diagnosis around 70 years. In this study we sought to address the question of whether and how clinical characteristics, molecular alterations, and molecular phenotypes differ between patient populations with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (AC) with respect to age at diagnosis. Patients were stratified based on age at diagnosis into five systematic age bins (<50, 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, and ≥80 years). To assess clinicopathological variables on a population-based level, we accessed data from the national quality registry for lung cancer in Sweden...

Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are rare oncogenic drivers and targets of TRK inhibitors in solid tumors. Little is known about NTRK fusion in Chinese patients with pan-cancer. This study investigated the prevalence and genomic features of NTRK1/2/3 gene fusions in 67 883 Chinese patients with pan-cancer using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) NGS to guide TRK inhibitor treatment and resistance monitoring. The prevalence of NTRK fusion (tissue NGS) in the pan-cancer population was 0...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical screening increases diagnosis of precancer and reduces the incidence of cervical cancer more than cytology alone. However, real-world evidence from diverse practice settings is lacking for the United States (U.S.) to support clinician adoption of primary HPV screening. Using a population-based registry, which captured all cervical cytology (with or without HPV testing) and all cervical biopsies, we conducted a real-world evidence study of screening in women aged 30-64 years across the entire state of New Mexico...

A high risk of developing second primary malignancy (SPM) has been reported among head and neck cancer patients. Here, we aimed to statistically quantify the impact of SPM development on the survival of head and neck cancer patients. This study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to collect the data of 48316 patients who received curative surgical resection for initial primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (IP-HNSCC) in 1975-2019. SPM diagnosis was treated as a time-varying covariate, and multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to estimate the association between SPM development and survival, overall or by the subsite of IP-HNSCC...

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been demonstrated to be associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether this association was modified by vitamin D-related polymorphisms. We evaluated association of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with CRC risk among 403,170 participants from UK Biobank Project. Two variants of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), rs4588 and rs7041, were included to estimate the binding affinity of 25(OH)D to VDBP, and three variants of vitamin D receptor (VDR), rs11568820, rs2228570, and rs1544410, which may influence VDR activity, were also investigated...

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing in incidence, yet very little is known about oral HPV infection in the general population. In this Australian-based study we assess oral HPV prevalence according to HPV vaccination status. Participants of the Oral Diversity Study were Australian residents, aged 18-70 years, who filled out a questionnaire about lifestyle and sexual behaviour, and donated a saliva sample in 2020-21. We obtained permission to access HPV vaccination status through record linkage with the Australian Immunisation Register...

Golestan province in the northeast of Iran is part of the Asian esophageal cancer belt and is known as a high-risk area for esophageal (EC) and gastric cancers (GC). Data on incident cases of EC and GC during 2004-2018 were obtained from the Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated and presented per 100 000 person-years. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. We also fitted age-period-cohort (APC) models to assess non-linear period and cohort effects as incidence rate ratios (IRRs)...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In the U.S., renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence and the prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for RCC, have been increasing for several decades. RCC is more common among older individuals. We sought to quantify the contribution of excess adiposity to the rising incidence of RCC among individuals 60 years or older. NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study data (n=453,859 participants, enrolled in 1995-1996, age at enrollment 50-71 years) were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for RCC across body mass index categories and HRs associated with smoking...

In 2019, the FLOT4 protocol was established as the new standard for perioperative therapy in patients with locally advanced gastroesophageal and gastric cancer. Whether this protocol is beneficial in a real-world setting remains a question with limited answers to date. In this study, a large cohort of unselected patients treated with FLOT4 was analyzed and compared to protocols based on 5-FU/platinum derivative. This retrospective analysis included patients with locally advanced gastroesophageal and gastric cancer treated with perioperative FLOT or 5-FU/platinum derivative at University Hospital, Bonn between 2010 and 2022 in a curative setting (n=99)...

Methylation marks of exposure to health risk factors may be useful markers of cancer risk as they might better capture current and past exposures than questionnaires, and reflect different individual responses to exposure. We used data from seven case-control studies nested within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study of blood DNA methylation and risk of colorectal, gastric, kidney, lung, prostate and urothelial cancer, and B-cell lymphoma (N cases=3,123). Methylation scores (MS) for smoking, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption were calculated based on published data as weighted averages of methylation values...

We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of proxalutamide, a novel androgen receptor antagonist, for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial. In our study, the enrolled mCRPC patients were randomized to 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg dose groups at 1:1:1. The primary efficacy endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. The secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and time to PSA and radiographic progression...

A unique approach with rare resources was used to identify candidate variants predisposing to familial non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancers (NSNSCLC). We analyzed sequence data from NSNSCLC-affected cousin pairs belonging to high-risk lung cancer pedigrees identified in a genealogy of Utah linked to statewide cancer records to identify rare, shared candidate predisposition variants. Variants were tested for association with lung cancer risk in UKBiobank. Evidence for linkage with lung cancer was also reviewed in families from the Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium...

Treatment with sirolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, has improved the prognosis of patients with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE). However, the efficacy, durability, and tolerability of long-term sirolimus treatment in patients with KHE have not been well elucidated. We performed efficacy and safety assessments based on more than 4.5 years of follow-up in patients receiving sirolimus therapy for KHE. One hundred sixty-seven patients were analyzed, including 102 (61...