journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36996244/the-trypanosoma-brucei-misp-family-of-invariant-proteins-is-co-expressed-with-barp-as-triple-helical-bundle-structures-on-the-surface-of-salivary-gland-forms-but-is-dispensable-for-parasite-development-within-the-tsetse-vector
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aitor Casas-Sanchez, Raghavendran Ramaswamy, Samïrah Perally, Lee R Haines, Clair Rose, Marcela Aguilera-Flores, Susana Portillo, Margot Verbeelen, Shahid Hussain, Laura Smithson, Cristina Yunta, Michael J Lehane, Sue Vaughan, Jan van den Abbeele, Igor C Almeida, Martin J Boulanger, Álvaro Acosta-Serrano
Trypanosoma brucei spp. develop into mammalian-infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes inside tsetse salivary glands. Besides acquiring a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat, little is known about the metacyclic expression of invariant surface antigens. Proteomic analyses of saliva from T. brucei-infected flies identified, in addition to VSG and Brucei Alanine-Rich Protein (BARP) peptides, a family of GPI-anchored surface proteins herein named as Metacyclic Invariant Surface Proteins (MISP) because of its predominant expression on the surface of metacyclic trypomastigotes...
March 30, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36996243/characterisation-of-the-antiviral-rna-interference-response-to-toscana-virus-in-sand-fly-cells
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akira J T Alexander, Marco Salvemini, Vattipally B Sreenu, Joseph Hughes, Erich L Telleria, Maxime Ratinier, Frédérick Arnaud, Petr Volf, Benjamin Brennan, Margus Varjak, Alain Kohl
Toscana virus (TOSV) (Bunyavirales, Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus, Toscana phlebovirus) and other related human pathogenic arboviruses are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. TOSV has been reported in nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea among other regions. Infection can result in febrile illness as well as meningitis and encephalitis. Understanding vector-arbovirus interactions is crucial to improving our knowledge of how arboviruses spread, and in this context, immune responses that control viral replication play a significant role...
March 30, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36996192/hunting-drosophila-viruses-from-wild-populations-a-novel-isolation-approach-and-characterisation-of-viruses
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gaspar Bruner-Montero, Carlos M Luque, Cássia Siqueira Cesar, Shuai Dominique Ding, Jonathan P Day, Francis Michael Jiggins
Metagenomic studies have demonstrated that viruses are extremely diverse and abundant in insects, but the difficulty of isolating them means little is known about the biology of these newly discovered viruses. To overcome this challenge in Drosophila, we created a cell line that was more permissive to infection and detected novel viruses by the presence of double-stranded RNA. We demonstrate the utility of these tools by isolating La Jolla virus (LJV) and Newfield virus (NFV) from several wild Drosophila populations...
March 30, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36989320/chronic-immune-activation-and-gut-barrier-dysfunction-is-associated-with-neuroinflammation-in-art-suppressed-siv-rhesus-macaques
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah J Byrnes, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Thomas A Angelovich, Skyler Younger, Sol Taylor-Brill, Michael Nekorchuk, Stephen Bondoc, Rachel Dannay, Margaret Terry, Catherine R Cochrane, Trisha A Jenkins, Michael Roche, Claire Deleage, Steven E Bosinger, Mirko Paiardini, Bruce J Brew, Jacob D Estes, Melissa J Churchill
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) affect ~40% of virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH), however, the precise viral dependent and independent changes to the brain are unclear. Here we characterized the CNS reservoir and immune environment of SIV-infected (SIV+) rhesus macaques during acute (n = 4), chronic (n = 12) or ART-suppressed SIV infection (n = 11). Multiplex immunofluorescence for markers of SIV infection (vRNA/vDNA) and immune activation was performed on frontal cortex and matched colon tissue...
March 29, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36976812/frequent-first-trimester-pregnancy-loss-in-rhesus-macaques-infected-with-african-lineage-zika-virus
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jenna R Rosinski, Lauren E Raasch, Patrick Barros Tiburcio, Meghan E Breitbach, Phoenix M Shepherd, Keisuke Yamamoto, Elaina Razo, Nicholas P Krabbe, Mason I Bliss, Alexander D Richardson, Morgan A Einwalter, Andrea M Weiler, Emily L Sneed, Kerri B Fuchs, Xiankun Zeng, Kevin K Noguchi, Terry K Morgan, Alexandra J Alberts, Kathleen M Antony, Sabrina Kabakov, Karla K Ausderau, Ellie K Bohm, Julia C Pritchard, Rachel V Spanton, James N Ver Hoove, Charlene B Y Kim, T Michael Nork, Alex W Katz, Carol A Rasmussen, Amy Hartman, Andres Mejia, Puja Basu, Heather A Simmons, Jens C Eickhoff, Thomas C Friedrich, Matthew T Aliota, Emma L Mohr, Dawn M Dudley, David H O'Connor, Christina M Newman
In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects...
March 28, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36972320/mycobacterium-abscessus-resists-the-innate-cellular-response-by-surviving-cell-lysis-of-infected-phagocytes
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamadoun Touré, Lee Ann Galindo, Marion Lagune, Simon Glatigny, Robert M Waterhouse, Isabelle Guénal, Jean-Louis Herrmann, Sébastien Szuplewski, Fabienne Girard-Misguich
Mycobacterium abscessus is the most pathogenic species among the predominantly saprophytic fast-growing mycobacteria. This opportunistic human pathogen causes severe infections that are difficult to eradicate. Its ability to survive within the host was described mainly with the rough (R) form of M. abscessus, which is lethal in several animal models. This R form is not present at the very beginning of the disease but appears during the progression and the exacerbation of the mycobacterial infection, by transition from a smooth (S) form...
March 27, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36972314/an-unconventional-snare-complex-mediates-exocytosis-at-the-plasma-membrane-and-vesicular-fusion-at-the-apical-annuli-in-toxoplasma-gondii
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiawen Fu, Lin Zhao, Juan Yang, Heming Chen, Shinuo Cao, Honglin Jia
Exocytosis is a key active process in cells by which proteins are released in bulk via the fusion of exocytic vesicles with the plasma membrane. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein-mediated vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane is essential in most exocytotic pathways. In mammalian cells, the vesicular fusion step of exocytosis is normally mediated by Syntaxin-1 (Stx1) and SNAP25 family proteins (SNAP25 and SNAP23). However, in Toxoplasma gondii, a model organism of Apicomplexa, the only SNAP25 family protein, with a SNAP29-like molecular structure, is involved in vesicular fusion at the apicoplast...
March 27, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36972312/increased-flexibility-of-the-sars-cov-2-rna-binding-site-causes-resistance-to-remdesivir
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shiho Torii, Kwang Su Kim, Jun Koseki, Rigel Suzuki, Shoya Iwanami, Yasuhisa Fujita, Yong Dam Jeong, Jumpei Ito, Hiroyuki Asakura, Mami Nagashima, Kenji Sadamasu, Kazuhisa Yoshimura, Kei Sato, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Teppei Shimamura, Shingo Iwami, Takasuke Fukuhara
Mutations continue to accumulate within the SARS-CoV-2 genome, and the ongoing epidemic has shown no signs of ending. It is critical to predict problematic mutations that may arise in clinical environments and assess their properties in advance to quickly implement countermeasures against future variant infections. In this study, we identified mutations resistant to remdesivir, which is widely administered to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and discuss the cause of resistance. First, we simultaneously constructed eight recombinant viruses carrying the mutations detected in in vitro serial passages of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of remdesivir...
March 27, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36972308/discovery-of-hippo-signaling-as-a-regulator-of-cspg4-expression-and-as-a-therapeutic-target-for-clostridioides-difficile-disease
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason L Larabee, D Annie Doyle, Ummey Khalecha Bintha Ahmed, Tyler M Shadid, Rachel R Sharp, Kenneth L Jones, Young Mi Kim, Shibo Li, Jimmy D Ballard
The signaling pathways and networks regulating expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a cancer-related protein that serves as a receptor for Clostridiodes difficile TcdB, are poorly defined. In this study, TcdB-resistant/CSPG4-negative HeLa cells were generated by exposure to increasing concentrations of the toxin. The cells that emerged (HeLa R5) lost expression of CSPG4 mRNA and were resistant to binding by TcdB. mRNA expression profiles paired with integrated pathway analysis correlated changes in the Hippo and estrogen signaling pathways with a CSPG4 decrease in HeLa R5 cells...
March 27, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36972304/kinetic-analysis-of-paramyxovirus-sialoglycan-receptor-interactions-reveals-virion-motility
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xuesheng Wu, Maite Goebbels, Lemeng Chao, Tom Wennekes, Frank J M van Kuppeveld, Erik de Vries, Cornelis A M de Haan
Many viruses initiate infection by binding to sialoglycan receptors at the cell surface. Binding to such receptors comes at a cost, however, as the sheer abundance of sialoglycans e.g. in mucus, may immobilize virions to non-functional decoy receptors. As a solution, sialoglycan-binding as well as sialoglycan-cleavage activities are often present in these viruses, which for paramyxoviruses are combined in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. The dynamic interactions of sialoglycan-binding paramyxoviruses with their receptors are thought to be key determinants of species tropism, replication and pathogenesis...
March 27, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36972295/porcine-reproductive-and-respiratory-syndrome-virus-infection-triggers-autophagy-via-er-stress-induced-calcium-signaling-to-facilitate-virus-replication
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feifei Diao, Chenlong Jiang, Yangyang Sun, Yanni Gao, Juan Bai, Hans Nauwynck, Xianwei Wang, Yuanqi Yang, Ping Jiang, Xing Liu
Calcium (Ca2+), a ubiquitous second messenger, plays a crucial role in many cellular functions. Viruses often hijack Ca2+ signaling to facilitate viral processes such as entry, replication, assembly, and egress. Here, we report that infection by the swine arterivirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), induces dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis, subsequently activating calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMKII) mediated autophagy, and thus fueling viral replication. Mechanically, PRRSV infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and forms a closed ER-plasma membrane (PM) contacts, resulting the opening of store operated calcium entry (SOCE) channel and causing the ER to take up extracellular Ca2+, which is then released into the cytoplasm by inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) channel...
March 27, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36972292/allele-dependent-interaction-of-lrrk2-and-nod2-in-leprosy
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monica Dallmann-Sauer, Yong Zhong Xu, Ana Lúcia França da Costa, Shao Tao, Tiago Araujo Gomes, Rhana Berto da Silva Prata, Wilian Correa-Macedo, Jérémy Manry, Alexandre Alcaïs, Laurent Abel, Aurélie Cobat, Vinicius M Fava, Roberta Olmo Pinheiro, Flavio Alves Lara, Christian M Probst, Marcelo T Mira, Erwin Schurr
Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, rarely affects children younger than 5 years. Here, we studied a multiplex leprosy family that included monozygotic twins aged 22 months suffering from paucibacillary leprosy. Whole genome sequencing identified three amino acid mutations previously associated with Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease as candidate variants for early onset leprosy: LRRK2 N551K, R1398H and NOD2 R702W. In genome-edited macrophages, we demonstrated that cells expressing the LRRK2 mutations displayed reduced apoptosis activity following mycobacterial challenge independently of NOD2...
March 27, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36961862/discovery-of-aphid-transmitted-rice-tiller-inhibition-virus-from-native-plants-through-metagenomic-sequencing
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenkai Yan, Yu Zhu, Wencheng Liu, Chengwu Zou, Bei Jia, Zhong-Qi Chen, Yanhong Han, Jianguo Wu, Dong-Lei Yang, Zhongkai Zhang, Lianhui Xie, Baoshan Chen, Rongbai Li, Shou-Wei Ding, Qingfa Wu, Zhongxin Guo
A major threat to rice production is the disease epidemics caused by insect-borne viruses that emerge and re-emerge with undefined origins. It is well known that some human viruses have zoonotic origins from wild animals. However, it remains unknown whether native plants host uncharacterized endemic viruses with spillover potential to rice (Oryza sativa) as emerging pathogens. Here, we discovered rice tiller inhibition virus (RTIV), a novel RNA virus species, from colonies of Asian wild rice (O. rufipogon) in a genetic reserve by metagenomic sequencing...
March 24, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36961851/reverse-vaccinology-based-identification-of-a-novel-surface-lipoprotein-that-is-an-effective-vaccine-antigen-against-bovine-infections-caused-by-pasteurella-multocida
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Epshita A Islam, Jamie E Fegan, Takele A Tefera, David M Curran, Regula C Waeckerlin, Dixon Ng, Sang Kyun Ahn, Chun Heng Royce Lai, Quynh Huong Nguyen, Megha Shah, Liyuwork Tesfaw, Kassaye Adamu, Wubet W Medhin, Abinet Legesse, Getaw Deresse, Belayneh Getachew, Neil Rawlyk, Brock Evans, Andrew Potter, Anthony B Schryvers, Scott D Gray-Owen, Trevor F Moraes
Pasteurella multocida can infect a multitude of wild and domesticated animals, with infections in cattle resulting in hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) or contributing to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Current cattle vaccines against P. multocida consist of inactivated bacteria, which only offer limited and serogroup specific protection. Here, we describe a newly identified surface lipoprotein, PmSLP, that is present in nearly all annotated P. multocida strains isolated from cattle. Bovine associated variants span three of the four identified phylogenetic clusters, with PmSLP-1 and PmSLP-2 being restricted to BRD associated isolates and PmSLP-3 being restricted to isolates associated with HS...
March 24, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36961850/potent-nkt-cell-ligands-overcome-sars-cov-2-immune-evasion-to-mitigate-viral-pathogenesis-in-mouse-models
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongjia Lu, Zhewei Liu, Xiangxue Deng, Siyang Chen, Ruiting Zhou, Rongqi Zhao, Ramya Parandaman, Amarjot Thind, Jill Henley, Lei Tian, Jianhua Yu, Lucio Comai, Pinghui Feng, Weiming Yuan
One of the major pathogenesis mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 is its potent suppression of innate immunity, including blocking the production of type I interferons. However, it is unknown whether and how the virus interacts with different innate-like T cells, including NKT, MAIT and γδ T cells. Here we reported that upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, invariant NKT (iNKT) cells rapidly trafficked to infected lung tissues from the periphery. We discovered that the envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV-2 efficiently down-regulated the cell surface expression of the antigen-presenting molecule, CD1d, to suppress the function of iNKT cells...
March 24, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36952577/phase-specific-transcriptional-patterns-of-the-oomycete-pathogen-phytophthora-sojae-unravel-genes-essential-for-asexual-development-and-pathogenic-processes
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Qiu, Mengjun Tian, Saijiang Yong, Yaru Sun, Jingting Cao, Yaning Li, Xin Zhang, Chunhua Zhai, Wenwu Ye, Ming Wang, Yuanchao Wang
Oomycetes are filamentous microorganisms easily mistaken as fungi but vastly differ in physiology, biochemistry, and genetics. This commonly-held misconception lead to a reduced effectiveness by using conventional fungicides to control oomycetes, thus it demands the identification of novel functional genes as target for precisely design oomycetes-specific microbicide. The present study initially analyzed the available transcriptome data of the model oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora sojae, and constructed an expression matrix of 10,953 genes across the stages of asexual development and host infection...
March 23, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36947557/distinct-function-of-spl-genes-in-age-related-resistance-in-arabidopsis
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lanxi Hu, Peng Qi, Alan Peper, Feng Kong, Yao Yao, Li Yang
In plants, age-related resistance (ARR) refers to a gain of disease resistance during shoot or organ maturation. ARR associated with vegetative phase change, a transition from juvenile to adult stage, is a widespread agronomic trait affecting resistance against multiple pathogens. How innate immunity in a plant is differentially regulated during successive stages of shoot maturation is unclear. In this work, we found that Arabidopsis thaliana showed ARR against its bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv...
March 22, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36947554/crk2-controls-cytoskeleton-morphogenesis-in-trypanosoma-brucei-by-phosphorylating-%C3%AE-tubulin-to-regulate-microtubule-dynamics
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kyu Joon Lee, Qing Zhou, Ziyin Li
Microtubules constitute a vital part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotes by mediating cell morphogenesis, cell motility, cell division, and intracellular transport. The cytoskeleton of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei contains an array of subpellicular microtubules with their plus-ends positioned toward the posterior cell tip, where extensive microtubule growth and cytoskeleton remodeling take place during early cell cycle stages. However, the control mechanism underlying microtubule dynamics at the posterior cell tip remains elusive...
March 22, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36947551/parasitism-causes-changes-in-caterpillar-odours-and-associated-bacterial-communities-with-consequences-for-host-location-by-a-hyperparasitoid
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mitchel E Bourne, Gabriele Gloder, Berhane T Weldegergis, Marijn Slingerland, Andrea Ceribelli, Sam Crauwels, Bart Lievens, Hans Jacquemyn, Marcel Dicke, Erik H Poelman
Microorganisms living in and on macroorganisms may produce microbial volatile compounds (mVOCs) that characterise organismal odours. The mVOCs might thereby provide a reliable cue to carnivorous enemies in locating their host or prey. Parasitism by parasitoid wasps might alter the microbiome of their caterpillar host, affecting organismal odours and interactions with insects of higher trophic levels such as hyperparasitoids. Hyperparasitoids parasitise larvae or pupae of parasitoids, which are often concealed or inconspicuous...
March 22, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940224/treponema-pallidum-subsp-pallidum-with-an-artificially-impaired-tprk-antigenic-variation-system-is-attenuated-in-the-rabbit-model-of-syphilis
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Romeis, Nicole A P Lieberman, Barbara Molini, Lauren C Tantalo, Benjamin Chung, Quynh Phung, Carlos Avendaño, Anastassia Vorobieva, Alexander L Greninger, Lorenzo Giacani
BACKGROUND: The TprK protein of the syphilis agent, Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum), undergoes antigenic variation in seven discrete variable (V) regions via non-reciprocal segmental gene conversion. These recombination events transfer information from a repertoire of 53 silent chromosomal donor cassettes (DCs) into the single tprK expression site to continually generate TprK variants. Several lines of research developed over the last two decades support the theory that this mechanism is central to T...
March 20, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
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