Pain Medicine

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BACKGROUND: Zygapophysial joints (Z joints) can be a source of back pain and of neck pain, but the cause of pain is not known. Some authors attribute the pain to osteoarthritis but without citing evidence. OBJECTIVES: The present review was undertaken to determine if there was sufficient evidence of association between spinal pain and osteoarthritis of Z joints to justify osteoarthritis being held to be the cause of pain. The null hypothesis was that osteoarthritis of Z joints does not cause back pain or neck pain...

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OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, and neurophysiological variables and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of patients with phantom limb pain. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a previous clinical trial. Univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to model the predictors of HR-QOL. We utilized a sequential modeling approach with increasing adjustment levels, controlling for age and sex, and other relevant clinical variables (time since amputation, level of amputation, and pain)...

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OBJECTIVE: Patients with chronic pain disorders, including Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) endorse high levels of sleep disturbances, frequently reporting reduced sleep quality. Despite this, little is known about the effect that daytime pain has on the microstructure and macro-architecture of sleep. Therefore, we aimed to examine the extent to which daytime pain sensitivity, measured using quantitative sensory testing (QST), is associated with objective sleep parameters the following night, including sleep architecture and power spectral density, in women with TMD...

OBJECTIVES: Pain catastrophizing (PC) is a cognitive/emotional response to and in anticipation of pain that can be maladaptive, further exacerbating pain and difficulty in emotion regulation (ER). There is a lack of research on the interplay between PC and ER and its impact on pain. Our aim was to investigate whether ER exacerbated the pain experience through PC. METHODS: Adults with chronic non-cancer pain of >3 months' duration (n = 150) who were taking opioid medication were recruited from a large medical center in Pennsylvania...

BACKGROUND: Neck pain and headaches can arise from the lateral atlanto-axial joint (LAA joint). This pain can be diagnosed with intra-articular injections of local anesthetic. A widely used technique for access to the lateral atlanto-axial joint uses a posterior approach, but this approach can be hazardous because of the proximity of the vertebral artery, the dural sac, and the C2 spinal nerve and dorsal root ganglion. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe and test a new technique for accessing the LAA joint that avoids structures that lie behind the joint...

BACKGROUND: Medial branch blocks are used to select patients for cervical facet joint radiofrequency neurotomy (CRFN). Blocks are typically performed under fluoroscopic guidance (FLB). The validity of ultrasound guided blocks (USB) is not well established. No prior research has compared cervical USB versus FLB validity using CRFN outcome as the criterion standard. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cervical USB versus FLB validity using CRFN outcome as the criterion standard...

OBJECTIVE: The administration of local anaesthesia in intraperitoneal space as part of the multi-modal analgesic regimen has shown to be effective in reducing postoperative pain. Recent studies demonstrated that intraperitoneal lidocaine may provide analgesic effects. Primary objective was to determine the impact of intraperitoneal lidocaine on postoperative pain scores at rest. DESIGN: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)...

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for migraine prevention. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center, real-world study. SETTING: Regional tertiary headache center in Japan. SUBJECTS: Adult individuals with migraine (n = 165, male = 17, female = 148; average age = 45.5 ± 16.0 years) who received fremanezumab between September 2021 and August 2022...

BACKGROUND: Pain assessment and proper evaluation of pain is a prerequisite for treatment of acute and chronic pain. Until now, most evaluations use only resting pain intensity and a unidimensional scale, although multidimensional pain assessment and especially assessment of functional pain impact on activities is recommended. The "Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale" (DVPRS) permits this multidimensional assessment, but no validated French translation exists. OBJECTIVES: To validate the French translation of the multidimensional DVPRS, called Functional Pain Scale (FPS) in multiple settings of acute and chronic pain...

BACKGROUND: The availability of multidisciplinary care for the management of chronic pain is uncommon outside specialist clinics. The current study aims to determine the physical intervention use of patients participating in an online psychological pain management program and whether exposure to physical interventions in these patients alters treatment outcomes compared to patients who do not access physical interventions. METHODS: Data were obtained from two previously published randomised control trials of an online psychological pain management program...

OBJECTIVE: Research indicates that perceived injustice significantly influences pain-related outcomes and is associated with delayed recovery in adults. This systematic review examines the relationship between perceived injustice and pain-related outcomes in children with pain conditions. METHODS: A search of published studies in English in PubMed, PsychInfo and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from database inception through December 2022 was performed. The search criteria focused on studies that measured perceived injustice and pain-related outcomes in children with pain conditions...

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), the most common cause of shoulder pain, can be treated through different treatments with similar effects. Therefore, in terms of deciding on the right treatment fit, patient preferences need to be understood. We aimed to identify treatment characteristics that delineate interventions (attributes) and corresponding sets of specific categorical range (attribute-levels) for SAPS. METHODS: This multiple method study systematically reviewed both qualitative and quantitative studies on patient preferences for treatment of SAPS, which informed semi-structured interviews with nine clinicians and 14 patients...

OBJECTIVE: Exercise induces a hypoalgesic response and improves affect. However, some individuals are unable to exercise for various reasons. Motor imagery, involving kinesthetic and visual imagery without physical movement, activates brain regions associated with these benefits and could be an alternative for those unable to exercise. Virtual reality also enhances motor imagery performance because of its illusion and embodiment. Therefore, we examined the effects of motor imagery combined with virtual reality on pain sensitivity and affect in healthy individuals...

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OBJECTIVE: The statistical analysis typically employed to compare pain both before and after interventions assumes scores are normally distributed. The present study evaluates whether Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), specifically the NRS-11, scores are indeed normally distributed in a clinically-relevant cohort of adults with chronic axial spine pain pre- and post-analgesic intervention. METHODS: Retrospective review from four academic medical centers of prospectively collected data from a uniform pain diary administered to consecutive patients after undergoing medial branch blocks...