Journal of Pediatric Urology

INTRODUCTION: Traditionally, open ureteral reimplantation (OUR) has been the standard treatment for primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) requiring reimplantation. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (RALUR) is gaining popularity and high success rates have been reported. OBJECTIVE: In this multi-institutional study, we aimed to compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of OUR and RALUR for high-grade (IV + V) VUR in children...

INTRODUCTION: Many surgeons offer foreskin reconstruction (FR) as a routine part of hypospadias repair. We present a step-by-step video of the procedure of Tubularised Incised Plate (TIP) repair, FR and dorsal plication through a ventral skin incision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A ventral incision is made between the inner preputial mucosa and the outer skin extending below the meatus. Ventral degloving is carried out. The dissection is extended laterally around the corporal bodies...

OBJECTIVES: We enumerate the various laparoscopic strategies to resolve upper urinary tract (UUT) obstruction in the context of variations in anatomy and report their outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of primary laparoscopic UUT reconstructions performed between May 2012 and May 2021. Anomalies included: malrotated kidney (MRK), horseshoe kidney (HSK), duplex kidney (DK), pure intrarenal pelvis (IRP) and mid-ureteric stenosis (MUS). Success was defined by postoperative resolution of symptoms, improvement of anterior-posterior renal pelvic diameter (APD) on US and drainage on Mag3...

BACKGROUNDS: Urinary Tract Dilation (UTD) classification has been designed to be a more objective grading system to evaluate antenatal and post-natal UTD. Due to unclear association between UTD classifications to specific anomalies such as vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), management recommendations tend to be subjective. OBJECTIVE: We sought to develop a model to reliably predict VUR from early post-natal ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN: Radiology records from single institution were reviewed to identify infants aged 0-90 days undergoing early ultrasound for antenatal UTD...

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the difference in postoperative complications as urethrocutaneous fistula or glans dehiscence, in children undergoing primary hypospadias repair with caudal block (CB) versus non-caudal block (NCB). METHODS: Data were obtained from MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Comparative studies of CB versus NCB were identified, with reports of complications published or presented until October 2022...

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INTRODUCTION: Kidney ureter bladder radiography (KUB) is widely used for the evaluation of constipation in children with bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD); however, there is varying evidence to support its routine diagnostic use. One drawback to KUB is radiation exposure. The dangers of radiation in children are well-documented, and per As Low As Reasonably Achievable, non-beneficial radiation should be avoided. This risk is especially high in children who undergo repeated imaging in the follow up of constipation treatment...

INTRODUCTION: The radiographic grading of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) images is often used to determine the clinical course and appropriate treatment in patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). However, image-based evaluation of VUR remains highly subjective, so we developed a supervised machine learning model to automatically and objectively grade VCUG data. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 113 VCUG images were gathered from public sources to compile the dataset for this study...

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BACKGROUND: The voiding chart is part of the initial evaluation of enuresis, since the data gathered this way are assumed to carry predictive information. However, there is little evidence that the voiding chart actually does predict therapy response. Lundmark & Nevéus performed a pilot investigation in 2020 and found that anamnestic and voiding chart data did not predict response to second-line therapies. This study aims at evaluating whether these findings could be replicated...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric urolithiasis has been increasing at rate of 4-10 % annually in the United States, most notably within adolescents and females. A significant number of patients will require surgical management of their stones. Primary ureteroscopy (URS) affords the opportunity to treat stones under a single anesthetic with lower re-treatment rates or anatomical and stone characteristic limitations compared to shockwave lithotripsy. Previous studies evaluating primary URS have been largely underpowered, are limited by stone location, and/or are not representative of the stone population in the United States...

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are essential for preserving renal function. OBJECTIVES: The study explored whether preoperative cystoscopic grading of refluxing ureteric orifices (UO) correlated with their shape in an institution with non-performance of hydrodistention of the UO in the diagnosis and grading of VUR. We also assessed the relationship between the UO shape and VUR grade with the effectiveness of endoscopic correction of primary VUR in children...

BACKGROUND: Management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children remains important. It may be the first sign for a possible underlying congenital abnormalities for the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). This study examined whether performing renal and bladder ultrasonography (RBUS) only for children who have a pathogen other than E. coli during their first urinary tract infection (UTI), or who experience UTI recurrence, would result in more missed diagnoses of kidney anomalies. METHODS: Patients aged between 2 months and 2 years who were seen in a tertiary pediatric hospital during a 2-year period and diagnosed with UTI were included...

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