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Blair R Hamilton, Giscard Lima, James Barrett, Leighton Seal, Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Guan Wang, Antonia Karanikolou, Xavier Bigard, Herbert Löllgen, Petra Zupet, Anca Ionescu, Andre Debruyne, Nigel Jones, Karin Vonbank, Federica Fagnani, Chiara Fossati, Maurizio Casasco, Demitri Constantinou, Bernd Wolfarth, David Niederseer, Andrew Bosch, Borja Muniz-Pardos, José Antonio Casajus, Christian Schneider, Sigmund Loland, Michele Verroken, Pedro Manonelles Marqueta, Francisco Arroyo, André Pedrinelli, Konstantinos Natsis, Evert Verhagen, William O Roberts, José Kawazoe Lazzoli, Rogerio Friedman, Ali Erdogan, Ana V Cintron, Shu-Hang Patrick Yung, Dina C Janse van Rensburg, Dimakatso A Ramagole, Sandra Rozenstoka, Felix Drummond, Theodora Papadopoulou, Paulette Y O Kumi, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Joanna Harper, Vasileios Skiadas, Jonathan Shurlock, Kumpei Tanisawa, Jane Seto, Kathryn North, Siddhartha S Angadi, Maria Jose Martinez-Patiño, Mats Borjesson, Luigi Di Luigi, Michiko Dohi, Jeroen Swart, James Lee John Bilzon, Victoriya Badtieva, Irina Zelenkova, Juergen M Steinacker, Norbert Bachl, Fabio Pigozzi, Michael Geistlinger, Dimitrios G Goulis, Fergus Guppy, Nick Webborn, Bulent O Yildiz, Mike Miller, Patrick Singleton, Yannis P Pitsiladis
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 9, 2021: Sports Medicine
#2
Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Giscard Lima, Blair Hamilton, Yannis Pitsiladis, Fergus M Guppy
INTRODUCTION: Since 2004, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) store all samples collected at summer Olympic Games (OG) for retrospective re-analysis with more advanced analytical techniques to catch doping athletes. METHODS: All announced Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) from IOC re-tests of the 2004, 2008 and 2012 OG (via IOC, International Federations and Athletics Integrity Unit public data) and other ADRVs confirmed to impact OG results from 1968 to 2012 (via the list of Doping Irregularities on olympedia...
April 9, 2021: Sports Medicine
#3
REVIEW
Justin A Ortega, Laura A Healey, Wannes Swinnen, Wouter Hoogkamer
In the wake of the quest to break the 2-h marathon barrier, carbon-fiber plates have become commonplace in marathon racing shoes. Despite the controversy surrounding this shoe technology, studies on the effects of increased longitudinal bending stiffness on running economy report mixed results. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on midsole bending stiffness and carbon-fiber plates in distance running shoes, focusing on how longitudinal bending stiffness affects running energetics and lower limb mechanics...
April 8, 2021: Sports Medicine
#4
REVIEW
João Pedro Nunes, Witalo Kassiano, Bruna D V Costa, Jerry L Mayhew, Alex S Ribeiro, Edilson S Cyrino
Calculating resistance-training volume in programs focused on muscle hypertrophy is an attempt to quantify the external workload carried out, then to estimate the dose of stimulus imposed on targeted muscles. The volume is usually expressed in some variables that directly affected the total training work, such as the number of sets, repetitions, and volume-load. These variables are used to try to quantify the training work easily, for the subsequent organization and prescription of training programs. One of the main uses of measures of volume quantification is seen in studies in which the purpose is to compare the effects of different training protocols on muscle growth in a volume-equated format...
April 7, 2021: Sports Medicine
#5
Michael A Rosenblat, Edward Lin, Bruno R da Costa, Scott G Thomas
BACKGROUND: Interval training has become an essential component of endurance training programs because it can facilitate a substantial improvement in endurance sport performance. Two forms of interval training that are commonly used to improve endurance sport performance are high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT). Despite extensive research, there is no consensus concerning the optimal method to manipulate the interval training programming variables to maximize endurance performance for differing individuals...
April 7, 2021: Sports Medicine
#6
David G Behm, Shahab Alizadeh, Saman Hadjizedah Anvar, Courtney Hanlon, Emma Ramsay, Mohamed Mamdouh Ibrahim Mahmoud, Joseph Whitten, James P Fisher, Olaf Prieske, Helmi Chaabene, Urs Granacher, James Steele
BACKGROUND: The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s)...
April 5, 2021: Sports Medicine
#7
Mark Waldron, Rebecca Fowler, Shane Heffernan, Jamie Tallent, Liam Kilduff, Owen Jeffries
BACKGROUND: Heat acclimation and acclimatisation (HA) is typically used to enhance tolerance to the heat, thereby improving performance. HA might also confer a positive adaptation to maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), although this has been historically debated and requires clarification via meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES: (1) To meta-analyse all studies (with and without control groups) that have investigated the effect of HA on [Formula: see text] adaptation in thermoneutral or hot environments; (2) Conduct meta-regressions to establish the moderating effect of selected variables on [Formula: see text] adaptation following HA...
April 3, 2021: Sports Medicine
#8
Thomas Dos'Santos, Christopher Thomas, Alistair McBurnie, Paul Comfort, Paul A Jones
BACKGROUND: Most cutting biomechanical studies investigate performance and knee joint load determinants independently. This is surprising because cutting is an important action linked to performance and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cutting biomechanics and cutting performance (completion time, ground contact time [GCT], exit velocity) and surrogates of non-contact ACL injury risk (knee abduction [KAM] and internal rotation [KIRM] moments) during 90° cutting...
April 3, 2021: Sports Medicine
#9
REVIEW
Andreas Breenfeldt Andersen, Glenn A Jacobson, Jacob Bejder, Dino Premilovac, Stephen M Richards, Jon J Rasmussen, Søren Jessen, Morten Hostrup
Some have questioned the evidence for performance-enhancing effects of several substances included on the World Anti-Doping Agency's Prohibited List due to the divergent or inconclusive findings in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, inductive statistical inference based on RCTs-only may result in biased conclusions because of the scarcity of studies, inter-study heterogeneity, too few outcome events, or insufficient power. An abductive inference approach, where the body of evidence is evaluated beyond considerations of statistical significance, may serve as a tool to assess the plausibility of performance-enhancing effects of substances by also considering observations and facts not solely obtained from RCTs...
April 2, 2021: Sports Medicine
#10
Yang Zhao, Fulan Hu, Yifei Feng, Xingjin Yang, Yang Li, Chunmei Guo, Quanman Li, Gang Tian, Ranran Qie, Minghui Han, Shengbing Huang, Xiaoyan Wu, Yanyan Zhang, Yuying Wu, Dechen Liu, Dongdong Zhang, Cheng Cheng, Ming Zhang, Yongli Yang, Xuezhong Shi, Jie Lu, Dongsheng Hu
BACKGROUND: Cycling has been suggested to be related to risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. However, a quantitative comprehensive assessment of the dose-response association of cycling with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality has not been reported. We performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies assessing the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality with cycling. METHODS: PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles published up to December 13, 2019...
March 28, 2021: Sports Medicine
#11
Mitchell Barnhart, R Curtis Bay, Tamara C Valovich McLeod
BACKGROUND: Identifying risk factors for prolonged recovery following concussion can assist clinicians with appropriate management strategies. It is thought that athletes who continue to participate following a hit to the head or body may take longer to recover following a concussion diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the body of literature regarding the effect of delayed reporting and delayed presentation to medical providers on concussion recovery times...
March 24, 2021: Sports Medicine
#12
Benjamin J Horsley, Paul J Tofari, Shona L Halson, Justin G Kemp, Jessica Dickson, Nirav Maniar, Stuart J Cormack
BACKGROUND: Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used for running gait analysis in a variety of sports. These sensors have been attached at various locations to capture stride data. However, it is unclear if different placement sites affect the derived outcome measures. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of placement on the validity and reliability of IMU-derived measures of running gait. METHODS: Online databases SPORTDiscus with Full Text, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Ovid) and Scopus were searched from the earliest record to 6 August 2020...
March 24, 2021: Sports Medicine
#13
REVIEW
Blair R Hamilton, Giscard Lima, James Barrett, Leighton Seal, Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Guan Wang, Antonia Karanikolou, Xavier Bigard, Herbert Löllgen, Petra Zupet, Anca Ionescu, Andre Debruyne, Nigel Jones, Karin Vonbank, Federica Fagnani, Chiara Fossati, Maurizio Casasco, Demitri Constantinou, Bernd Wolfarth, David Niederseer, Andrew Bosch, Borja Muniz-Pardos, José Antonio Casajus, Christian Schneider, Sigmund Loland, Michele Verroken, Pedro Manonelles Marqueta, Francisco Arroyo, André Pedrinelli, Konstantinos Natsis, Evert Verhagen, William O Roberts, José Kawazoe Lazzoli, Rogerio Friedman, Ali Erdogan, Ana V Cintron, Shu-Hang Patrick Yung, Dina C Janse van Rensburg, Dimakatso A Ramagole, Sandra Rozenstoka, Felix Drummond, Theodora Papadopoulou, Paulette Y O Kumi, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Joanna Harper, Vasileios Skiadas, Jonathan Shurlock, Kumpei Tanisawa, Jane Seto, Kathryn North, Siddhartha S Angadi, Maria Jose Martinez-Patiño, Mats Borjesson, Luigi Di Luigi, Michiko Dohi, Jeroen Swart, James Lee John Bilzon, Victoriya Badtieva, Irina Zelenkova, Juergen M Steinacker, Norbert Bachl, Fabio Pigozzi, Michael Geistlinger, Dimitrios G Goulis, Fergus Guppy, Nick Webborn, Bulent O Yildiz, Mike Miller, Patrick Singleton, Yannis P Pitsiladis
Sport is historically designated by the binary categorization of male and female that conflicts with modern society. Sport's governing bodies should consider reviewing rules determining the eligibility of athletes in the female category as there may be lasting advantages of previously high testosterone concentrations for transwomen athletes and currently high testosterone concentrations in differences in sex development (DSD) athletes. The use of serum testosterone concentrations to regulate the inclusion of such athletes into the elite female category is currently the objective biomarker that is supported by most available scientific literature, but it has limitations due to the lack of sports performance data before, during or after testosterone suppression...
March 24, 2021: Sports Medicine
#14
Henrik Petré, Erik Hemmingsson, Hans Rosdahl, Niklas Psilander
BACKGROUND: The effect of concurrent training on the development of maximal strength is unclear, especially in individuals with different training statuses. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to compare the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance training with that of resistance training only on the development of maximal dynamic strength in untrained, moderately trained, and trained individuals. METHODS: On the basis of the predetermined criteria, 27 studies that compared effects between concurrent and resistance training only on lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength were included...
March 22, 2021: Sports Medicine
#15
LETTER
Ben Nicholson, Alex Dinsdale, Ben Jones, Kevin Till
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 20, 2021: Sports Medicine
#16
LETTER
Michael A Wewege, Jack J Devonshire, Harrison J Hansford, James H McAuley, Matthew D Jones
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 20, 2021: Sports Medicine
#17
Kirsty J Elliott-Sale, Clare L Minahan, Xanne A K Janse de Jonge, Kathryn E Ackerman, Sarianna Sipilä, Naama W Constantini, Constance M Lebrun, Anthony C Hackney
Until recently, there has been less demand for and interest in female-specific sport and exercise science data. As a result, the vast majority of high-quality sport and exercise science data have been derived from studies with men as participants, which reduces the application of these data due to the known physiological differences between the sexes, specifically with regard to reproductive endocrinology. Furthermore, a shortage of specialist knowledge on female physiology in the sport science community, coupled with a reluctance to effectively adapt experimental designs to incorporate female-specific considerations, such as the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraceptive use, pregnancy and the menopause, has slowed the pursuit of knowledge in this field of research...
March 16, 2021: Sports Medicine
#18
Kathryn L Van Pelt, Tim Puetz, Jennylee Swallow, Andrew P Lapointe, Steven P Broglio
BACKGROUND: Concussion is a growing public health concern and generating concussion prevention programs depends on identifying high-risk sports and characteristics. Identifying the roles of sport, sex, and participation level (e.g., high school versus collegiate athletics) in concussion risk would facilitate more informed decision-making regarding sports participation and generate better targeted prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: The current study's objectives were to: (1) determine the magnitude and hierarchy of sports-related concussion (SRC) risk across an array of events and (2) evaluate the modifying roles of sex, participation level, and session type on SRC rates...
March 15, 2021: Sports Medicine
#19
Jelle Habay, Jeroen Van Cutsem, Jo Verschueren, Sander De Bock, Matthias Proost, Jonas De Wachter, Bruno Tassignon, Romain Meeusen, Bart Roelands
BACKGROUND: Mental fatigue (MF) is a psychobiological state that impairs endurance performance in healthy athletes. Recently, multiple studies indicated that MF could also impair sport-specific psychomotor performance (SSPP). Nevertheless, a systematic overview detailing the effects of MF on SSPP is currently lacking. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to collate relevant literature and examine the effect of MF on SSPP. A secondary aim was to create an overview of the potential subjective and physiological factors underlying this MF effect...
March 12, 2021: Sports Medicine
#20
Jacob T Bonafiglia, Nicholas Preobrazenski, Hashim Islam, Jeremy J Walsh, Robert Ross, Neil M Johannsen, Corby K Martin, Timothy S Church, Cris A Slentz, Leanna M Ross, William E Kraus, Glen P Kenny, Gary S Goldfield, Denis Prud'homme, Ronald J Sigal, Conrad P Earnest, Brendon J Gurd
OBJECTIVE: This study tested the hypothesis that greater mean changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), in either the absence or presence of reduced interindividual variability, explain larger CRF response rates following higher doses of exercise training. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed CRF data from eight randomized controlled trials (RCT; n = 1590 participants) that compared at least two doses of exercise training. CRF response rates were calculated as the proportion of participants with individual confidence intervals (CIs) placed around their observed response that lay above 0...
March 11, 2021: Sports Medicine
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