International Journal of Sports Medicine

This study aimed to identify the relationship between exercise-induced hypertension and carotid artery intima-media thickness in long-distance runners. Sixty healthy male runners aged 40-60 years were assigned to the following three groups based on resting blood pressure and peak systolic blood pressure during a maximal exercise test: normal blood pressure response, exercise-induced hypertension, and complex hypertension. An exaggerated systolic blood pressure response was defined as a peak systolic blood pressure ≥210 mmHg during the maximal exercise test, while carotid intima-media thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasonography...

This study aimed to investigate the impact of bar velocity during the eccentric phase on subsequent concentric performance in the young and elderly. Twelve elderly women (65.2+4.2 years) and 16 young women (23.1+2.1 years) were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions that combined high-velocity eccentric actions (HVECC ; maximum velocity) and moderate-velocity eccentric actions (MVECC ; 2.0 s), using 30% and 60% of their 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on the Smith machine bench press. Measurements of mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), and mean power (MP) were recorded...

This review aimed to verify the effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, muscle damage, soreness, and strength in healthy adults after exercise. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science from inception to August 2023, with no language restrictions. We included randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the supplementation of vitamin E on the abovementioned outcomes after a bout of physical exercise in healthy participants (no restriction for publication year or language)...

The aim of this study was to characterize the right ventricular (RV) contraction pattern and its associations with exercise capacity in a large cohort of adolescent athletes using resting three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). We enrolled 215 adolescent athletes (16±1 years, 169 males, 12±6 hours of training/week) and compared them to 38 age- and sex-matched healthy, sedentary adolescents. We measured the 3DE-derived biventricular ejection fractions (EF). We also determined the relative contributions of longitudinal EF (LEF/RVEF) and radial EF (REF/RVEF) to the RVEF...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of subtetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with voluntary exercise between repeated Wingate tests on sprint exercise performance and blood lactate accumulation during sprint interval training. Fifteen healthy young males volunteered. After 1 min baseline, participants underwent the Wingate test twice. They performed 4 min intervention between tests: neuromuscular electrical stimulation with free-weight cycling or voluntary cycling alone [43...

The incidence of perturbed gastrointestinal integrity, as well as resulting systemic immune responses and gastrointestinal symptoms, otherwise known as exercised-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS), is common among individuals who partake in prolonged exercise. EIGS may cause the translocation of pathogenic material, including whole bacteria and bacterial endotoxins, from the lumen into circulation, which may progress into clinical consequences such as sepsis, and potentially subsequent fatality. However, further investigation is warranted to assess the possibility of food allergen and/or digestive enzyme luminal to circulatory translocation in response to exercise, and the clinical consequences...

Endurance performance tests directly measuring cardiorespiratory fitness are complex, but field tests indirectly assessing maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max ) are an alternative. This study aimed to validate the 6-minute run test in adults, comparing it to the established shuttle run test, and to create reference equations. The cross-over design involved healthy adults aged 18-65 undertaking both tests, separated by a two-hour interval. The 6-minute run test required participants to run around a volleyball court for six minutes, aiming to maximize distance covered...

The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare the endurance performance chronic adaptations induced by running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT), small-sided games (SSGs), and combined HIIT+SSGs in male and female youth and adult soccer players. The studies included in this review followed the PICOS criteria: (i) healthy soccer players; (ii) interventions based on SSGs; (iii) comparators exposed to only HIIT or combined SSGs+HIIT; (iv) endurance performance variables...

This study examined the impact of different inter-repetition rest (IRR) configurations (zero seconds [IRR0], three seconds [IRR3], and self-selected less than five seconds [SSIRR]) on estimating the number of repetitions (Nrep) and the percentage of completed repetitions relative to the maximum number of repetitions possible to failure (%rep) after reaching 10%, 20%, and 30% velocity loss thresholds (VLT). Eighteen men completed three sessions, each with a different IRR configuration, separated by 48-72 hours...

The aim of the study was to assess neuromuscular changes during an intermittent fatiguing task designed to replicate fundamental actions and ergonomics of road race motorcycling. Twenty-eight participants repeated a sequence of submaximal brake-pulling and gas throttle actions, interspaced by one maximal brake-pulling, until failure. During the submaximal brake-pulling actions performed at 30% MVC, force fluctuations, surface EMG, maximal M-wave (Mmax ) and H-reflex were measured in the flexor digitorum superficialis...

This study aimed to assess the self-reported frequency and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) at rest and around rugby training and match play in male and female rugby union players. An online questionnaire was sent to registered rugby union players (sevens or fifteens). Thirteen GIS were assessed alongside perceptions of appetite around rugby and rest using Likert and visual analog scales. Questions investigating a range of medical and dietary factors were included. Three hundred and twenty-five players (male n=271, female n=54) participated in the study...

Different grafting procedures are available to restore knee stability after revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We compared knee strength recovery between ACL revision surgery and primary reconstruction. One hundred and ten patients with ACL revision surgery were matched with 110 patients with primary reconstruction according to the graft procedure. The isokinetic knee strength had been assessed for the first 9 months post-surgery. Knee laxity, function, and activity score were also evaluated...

This study aimed to highlight the ventilatory and circulatory determinants of changes in VO2peak after exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ECR) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Eighty-two CHD patients performed, before and after a 3-month ECR, a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a bike with gas exchanges measurments (VO2peak, minute ventilation; VE) and cardiac output (Qc). The arteriovenous difference in O2 (C(a-v )O2) and the alveolar capillary gradient in O2 (PAi-aO2) were calculated using Fick's laws...

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in the human body and plays critical roles in athletic performance, mobility, and disease pathogenesis. Despite growing recognition of its importance by major health organizations, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding skeletal muscle health and its crosstalk with nearly every physiological system. Relevant public health challenges like pain, injury, obesity, and sarcopenia underscore the need to accurately assess skeletal muscle health and function. Feasible, non-invasive techniques that reliably evaluate metrics including muscle pain, dynamic structure, contractility, circulatory function, body composition, and emerging biomarkers are imperative to unraveling the complexities of skeletal muscle...

This meta-data exploration aimed to determine the impact of exertional-heat stress (EHS) on gastrointestinal status of masters age and young adult endurance athletes. Sixteen MASTERS (mean: 44y) and twenty-one YOUNG (26y) recreational endurance athletes completed 2 h of running at 60% ˙V  O2max in 35˚C ambient conditions. Blood samples were collected pre-, immediately and 1 h post-EHS, and analyzed for markers of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS). Thermo-physiological measures and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) were recorded every 10-20 min during EHS...

Previous studies of skiing/snowboarding injuries have been conducted, but studies evaluating injury types and patterns over long periods of time are needed to drive effective injury prevention efforts. We hypothesized that injury patterns would differ among winter sports and that the number of injuries remained constant over time. This is a retrospective study of patients presenting with skiing/snowboarding injuries to the United States emergency departments from 2000-2019. A total of 34,720 injured skiers (48...

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Dear Editor,I read with interest the study by Ruiz-Alias et al. on different critical power models in running 1. The study offers valuable insights into the application of critical power in running, highlighting considerable discrepancies between different methods of estimation. While the work is commendable, it leaves room for questions regarding the methodology applied and the interpretation of the results. The omission of each participant's mean power of the trials in the study, in combination with a reluctance to share it upon request, makes it impossible for the reader to verify the results...

This study aimed to examine the load-velocity (L-V) relationship in the bench-press (BP) and leg-press (LP) exercises performed unilaterally, and compared this unilateral L-V relationship with the bilateral variants. Nineteen men (age=23.5±2.1 years) completed two incremental tests in BP and LP, performed bilaterally and unilaterally, across two sessions with a 48-hour rest period. We found a close relationship between medium propulsive velocity (MPV) and %1RM in unilateral BP (R2   =0.97, SEE=0...

Acute exercise induces changes within the T-cell compartment, especially in cytotoxic CD8+  memory subsets, depending on exercise intensity and duration. It is unclear whether exercise-induced changes in major T-cell subsets differ in response to acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and whether sex-specific effects exist. Twenty-four recreationally active runners (females: n=12, 27.8±4.1years, 54.4±4.6 ml*kg-1 *min-1 ; males: n=12, 31...