Sleep

Approximately half of adolescents encounter a mismatch between their sleep patterns on school days and free days, also referred to as "social jetlag". This condition has been linked to various adverse outcomes, such as poor sleep, cognitive deficits, and mental disorders. However, prior research was unsuccessful in accounting for other variables that are correlated with social jetlag, including sleep duration and quality. To address this limitation, we applied a propensity score matching method on a sample of 6335 11-12-year-olds from the two-year follow-up (FL2) data of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Limited channel electroencephalography (EEG) investigations in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have revealed deficits in slow wave activity (SWA) and spindles during sleep and increased EEG slowing during resting wakefulness. High-density EEG (Hd-EEG) has also detected local parietal deficits in SWA (delta power) during NREM. It is unclear whether effective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment reverses regional SWA deficits, and other regional sleep and wake EEG abnormalities, and whether any recovery relates to improved overnight memory consolidation...

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and mental health among adult populations in Denmark. METHODS: Data from three interconnected samples (aged 16-89 years) from the SmartSleep Study included 5,798 individuals with survey and register data; 4,239 individuals also provided high-resolution smartphone tracking data. Logistic regression models and causal discovery algorithms, which suggest possible causal pathways consistent with the underlying data structure, were used to infer the relationship between self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use, self-reported sleep quality, mental health indicators, and register-based psychotropic medication use...

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: Anecdotally, adults reach higher levels of subjective intoxication on days they are fatigued or sleep deprived; but sleep is not discussed as a predictor of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in clinical settings. To inform clinical work and future research, this perspective reviews data examining the impact of sleep (Process S) and circadian (Process C) factors on indicators of BAC in humans and animal models. METHODS: Literature searches of medical and psychological databases were conducted to identify articles that manipulated sleep/circadian factors and reported effects on indicators of alcohol pharmacology (e...

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Abnormally short and long sleep are associated with premature mortality, and achieving optimal sleep duration has been the focus for sleep health guidelines. Emerging research demonstrates that sleep regularity, the day-to-day consistency of sleep-wake timing, can be a stronger predictor for some health outcomes than sleep duration. The role of sleep regularity in mortality, however, has not been investigated in a large cohort with objective data. We therefore aimed to compare how sleep regularity and duration predicted risk for all-cause and cause-specific mortality...

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: Insufficient sleep is a concerning hallmark of modern society because sleep deprivation (SD) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders. SD imparts an aging-like effect on learning and memory, although little is known about possible common molecular underpinnings of SD and aging. Here, we examine this question by profiling metabolic features across different tissues after acute sleep deprivation in young adult and aged mice. METHODS: Young adult and aged mice were subjected to acute SD for five hours...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sex differences in sleep architecture are well-documented, with females experiencing longer total sleep time (TST), more slow wave sleep (SWS) and shorter Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep duration than males. Although studies imply that sex hormones could affect sleep, research on exogenous sex hormones on sleep architecture is still inconclusive. This study examined sleep architecture changes in transgender individuals after 3 months of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT)...

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: Inter-scorer variability in sleep staging is largely due to equivocal epochs that contain features of more than one stage. We propose an approach that recognizes the existence of equivocal epochs and evaluates scorers accordingly. METHODS: Epoch-by-epoch staging was performed on 70 polysomnograms by six qualified technologists and by a digital system (MSS). Probability that epochs assigned the same stage by only two of the six technologists (minority score) resulted from random occurrence of two errors was calculated and found to be <5%, thereby indicating that the stage assigned is an acceptable variant for the epoch...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We examined and compared cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported sleep disturbances and various cognitive domains in five separate Nordic European longitudinal aging studies (baseline N=5631, Mean age=77.7, Mean follow-up=4.16 years). METHODS: Comparable sleep parameters across studies included reduced sleep duration/quality, insomnia symptoms (sleep latency, waking up at night and early awakenings), short and long sleep duration, and daytime napping...

Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) across frequency might be associated with the long-range synchronization of brain networks, facilitating the spatiotemporal integration of multiple cell assemblies for information transmission during inhibitory control. However, sleep problems may affect these cortical information transmissions based on cross-frequency PAC, especially when humans work in environments of social isolation. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the theta-beta/gamma PAC of task-related electroencephalography (EEG) for humans with insufficient sleep...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Polysomnography (PSG) scoring is labor intensive, subjective, and often ambiguous. Recently several deep learning (DL) models for automated sleep scoring have been developed, they are tied to a fixed amount of input channels and resolution. In this study, we constructed a standardized image-based PSG dataset in order to overcome the heterogeneity of raw signal data obtained from various PSG devices and various sleep laboratory environments. METHODS: All individually exported European data format files containing raw signals were converted into images with an annotation file, which contained the demographics, diagnoses, and sleep statistics...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: There is growing evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in diseases with circadian disruption, such as sleep disorders. Decreased diffusivity in the direction of perivascular space has been shown in several neurological and sleep-related disorders however, its role in restless legs syndrome (RLS) remains unknown. We hypothesized that similarly, in RLS the diffusivity in glymphatic system is decreased. Here, we aimed to evaluate glymphatic system functionality in patients with RLS, compare it to healthy controls, and analyze the correlation between its function and clinical characteristics...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Over 80% of people with tetraplegia have sleep disordered breathing, but whether this is predominantly obstructive or central is unclear. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of central sleep apnoea (CSA) in tetraplegia and the contributions of central, obstructive and hypopnoea respiratory events to sleep disordered breathing summary indices in tetraplegia. METHODS: Research and clinical data from 606 individuals with tetraplegia and full overnight polysomnography were collated...