BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on pregnancy outcomes due to the effects of the virus and the altered healthcare environment. Stillbirth has been relatively hidden during the COVID-19 pandemic, but a clear link between SARS-CoV-2 and poor fetal outcome emerged in the Alpha and Delta waves. A small minority of women/birthing people who contracted COVID-19 developed SARS-CoV-2 placentitis. In many reported cases this was linked to intrauterine fetal death, although there are cases of delivery just before imminent fetal demise and we shall discuss how some cases are sub-clinical...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between ambient temperature and preterm birth (PTB) and to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of PTBs due to low and high temperatures. DESIGN: Time-stratified case-crossover design. SETTING: Japan (46 prefectures, excluding Okinawa), 2011-2020. SAMPLE: 214 050 PTBs registered in the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database among 1 908 168 singleton live births...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and internally validate metabolites predictive of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) using multiple machine learning methods and sequential maternal serum samples, and to predict spontaneous early term birth (sETB) using these metabolites. DESIGN: Case-cohort design within a prospective cohort study. SETTING: Cambridge, UK. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: A total of 399 Pregnancy Outcome Prediction study participants, including 98 cases of sPTB...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the various factors that influence environmentally sustainable behaviour in gynaecological surgery and examine the differences between gynaecologists and residents. DESIGN: An interview study. SETTING: Academic and non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. POPULATION: Gynaecologists (n = 10) and residents (n = 6). METHODS: Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews to determine the various factors that influence environmentally sustainable behaviour in gynaecological surgery and to examine the differences between gynaecologists and residents...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of miscarriage following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, while accounting for the competing risk of induced abortion. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Women aged 15-50 years with a confirmed pregnancy at ≤19 completed weeks' gestation. METHODS: Exposure to first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, handled in a time-varying manner, was defined as (i) unvaccinated, (ii) remotely vaccinated >28 days before the estimated conception date or (iii) recently vaccinated ≤28 days before conception and up to 120 days after conception...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of hysteroscopic and laparoscopic findings in subfertile women predictive of tuberculosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series analysis. SETTING: Tertiary hospital in India. POPULATION: A retrospective analysis of 16 784 subfertile women who had undergone diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy (DHL) was conducted between February 2014 and June 2021. METHODS: Histopathological evidence, acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay were used to diagnose female genital tuberculosis (FGTB)...

OBJECTIVE: Labour can be traumatic for women who perceive they are not involved in decisions affecting their care during labour. Our objective was to assess the relation between labour agentry and subsequent mental health. DESIGN: Follow-up cohort study. SETTING: U.S. Tertiary care center. POPULATION: Participants from Utah who participated in the ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) trial...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of implementing emergency care pathway(s) for screening, diagnosing and managing women with gestational diabetes (GDM) during COVID-19. DESIGN: Retrospective multicentre cohort. SETTING: Nine National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Trusts/Health boards in England and Scotland. POPULATION: 4915 women with GDM pre-pandemic (1 April 2018 to 31 March 2020), and 3467 women with GDM during the pandemic (1 May 2020 to 31 March 2021)...

OBJECTIVE: To examine patient-described experiences of endometriosis diagnosis. DESIGN: Mixed-methods study. SETTING: Online patient-led endometriosis support groups. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: People with endometriosis aged over 18. METHODS: A survey with qualitative and quantitative questions was distributed through online patient-led endometriosis support groups. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used for qualitative responses...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether conisation increases chorioamnionitis (CAM) and assess whether this risk differs between preterm and term periods. Furthermore, we estimated mediation effects of CAM between conisation and preterm birth (PTB). DESIGN: A nationwide observational study. SETTING: Japan. POPULATION: Singleton pregnant women derived from the perinatal registry database of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology between 2013 and 2019...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on tests required to either diagnose unexplained infertility or use for research inclusion criteria. This leads to heterogeneity and bias affecting meta-analysis and best practice advice. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review analyses the variability of inclusion criteria applied to couples with unexplained infertility. We propose standardised criteria for use both in future research studies and clinical diagnosis. SEARCH STRATEGY: CINAHL and MEDLINE online databases were searched up to November 2022 for all published studies recruiting couples with unexplained infertility, available in full text in the English language...

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BACKGROUND: Treatment with vaginal progesterone reduces the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth in selected high-risk women. The hypothesis that vaginal progesterone can reduce the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is unexplored. OBJECTIVES: To summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of vaginal progesterone to reduce the risk of HDP. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched Embase (OVID), MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted sexual and reproductive health (SRH) visits. DESIGN: An ecological study comparing SRH services volume in different countries before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTING: Seven countries from the INTernational ConsoRtium of Primary Care BIg Data Researchers (INTRePID) across four continents. POPULATION: Over 3.8 million SRH visits to primary care physicians in Australia, China, Canada, Norway, Singapore, Sweden and the USA...

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience of screening with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and colposcopy to identify women with high-grade precancerous cervical lesions who were candidates for cryotherapy. Women were screened to determine eligibility for a clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of a new, simple and inexpensive cryotherapy device (CryoPop®) targeted for use in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study...

BACKGROUND: Brain anomalies (BAs) have been the focus of research, as they have a high impact on fetal health but therapeutic and diagnostic approaches are limited. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the application and efficiency of exome sequencing (ES) in detecting different cases of BAs in fetuses were evaluated and compared with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). SEARCH STRATEGY: To conduct this study, three databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were utilised with the keywords 'prenatal', 'diagnoses', 'brain anomalies' and 'exome sequencing'...