journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490721/serum-cytokine-biosignatures-for-identification-of-tuberculosis-among-hiv-positive-inpatients
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huihua Zhang, LingHua Li, YanXia Liu, Wei Xiao, RuiYao Xu, MengRu Lu, WenBiao Hao, YuChi Gao, Xiaoping Tang, Youchao Dai
BACKGROUND: Serum cytokines correlate with tuberculosis (TB) progression and are predictors of TB recurrence in people living with HIV. We investigated whether serum cytokine biosignatures could diagnose TB among HIV-positive inpatients. METHODS: We recruited HIV-positive inpatients with symptoms of TB and measured serum levels of inflammation biomarkers including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)...
March 15, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471792/patient-stratification-using-plasma-cytokines-and-their-regulators-in-sepsis-relationship-to-outcomes-treatment-effect-and-leucocyte-transcriptomic-subphenotypes
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Benjamin Antcliffe, Yuxin Mi, Shalini Santhakumaran, Katie L Burnham, A Toby Prevost, Josie K Ward, Timothy J Marshall, Claire Bradley, Farah Al-Beidh, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Emma E Davenport, Charles J Hinds, Cecilia M O'Kane, Daniel Francis McAuley, Manu Shankar-Hari, Anthony C Gordon, Julian C Knight
RATIONALE: Heterogeneity of the host response within sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and more widely critical illness, limits discovery and targeting of immunomodulatory therapies. Clustering approaches using clinical and circulating biomarkers have defined hyper-inflammatory and hypo-inflammatory subphenotypes in ARDS associated with differential treatment response. It is unknown if similar subphenotypes exist in sepsis populations where leucocyte transcriptomic-defined subphenotypes have been reported...
March 12, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453471/impacts-of-sex-and-gender-on-severe-asthma
#3
EDITORIAL
Kimberley C W Wang, John D Blakey
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 7, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453470/unravelling-the-obesity-asthma-connection-in-childhood-and-adolescence-does-body-shape-matter
#4
EDITORIAL
Ann D Morgan
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 7, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448222/physical-activity-and-body-mass-related-to-catch-up-lung-function-growth-in-childhood-a-population-based-accelerated-cohort-study
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah Koch, Gabriela Prado Peralta, Anne-Elie Carsin, Alicia Abellan, Celine Roda, Maties Torrent, Carmen Iñiguez, Ferran Ballester, Amparo Ferrero, Carlos Zabaleta, Aitana Lertxundi, Mònica Guxens, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer, Maribel Casas, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
OBJECTIVE: The existence of catch-up lung function growth and its predictors is uncertain. We aimed to identify lung function trajectories and their predictors in a population-based birth cohort. METHODS: We applied group-based trajectory modelling to z-scores of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (zFEV1 ) and z-scores of forced vital capacity (zFVC) from 1151 children assessed at around 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14 and 18 years. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test whether potential prenatal and postnatal predictors were associated with lung function trajectories...
March 6, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448221/adaptive-multi-interventional-trial-platform-to-improve-patient-care-for-fibrotic-interstitial-lung-diseases
#6
REVIEW
Leticia Kawano-Dourado, Tejaswini Kulkarni, Christopher J Ryerson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Bruno Guedes Baldi, Nazia Chaudhuri, Manuela Funke-Chambour, Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold, Kerri A Johannson, Yet Hong Khor, Sydney B Montesi, Lucilla Piccari, Helmut Prosch, María Molina-Molina, Jacobo Sellares Torres, Iazsmin Bauer-Ventura, Sujeet Rajan, Joseph Jacob, Duncan Richards, Lisa G Spencer, Barbara Wendelberger, Tom Jensen, Melanie Quintana, Michael Kreuter, Anthony C Gordon, Fernando J Martinez, Naftali Kaminski, Victoria Cornelius, Roger Lewis, Wendy Adams, Gisli Jenkins
BACKGROUND: Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) are a heterogeneous group of lung diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a large increase in the number of clinical trials in the last 10 years, current regulatory-approved management approaches are limited to two therapies that prevent the progression of fibrosis. The drug development pipeline is long and there is an urgent need to accelerate this process. This manuscript introduces the concept and design of an innovative research approach to drug development in fILD: a global Randomised Embedded Multifactorial Adaptive Platform in fILD (REMAP-ILD)...
March 6, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38418196/effects-of-testosterone-and-sex-hormone-binding-globulinon-lung-function-in-males-and-females-a-multivariable-mendelian-randomisation-study
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diana A van der Plaat, Alexandra Lenoir, Shyamali Dharmage, James Potts, Francisco Gómez Real, Seif O Shaheen, Debbie Jarvis, Cosetta Minelli, Bénédicte Leynaert
BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may have beneficial effects on lung function, but these findings might be spurious due to confounding and reverse causation. We addressed these limitations by using multivariable Mendelian randomisation (MVMR) to investigate the independent causal effects of TT and SHBG on lung function. METHODS: We first identified genetic instruments by performing genome-wide association analyses of TT and SHBG in the large UK Biobank, separately in males and females...
February 28, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38418195/monocyte-nlrp3-inflammasome-and-interleukin-1%C3%AE-activation-modulated-by-alpha-1-antitrypsin-therapy-in-deficient-individuals
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Debananda Gogoi, Howard Yu, Michelle Casey, Rory Baird, Azeez Yusuf, Luke Forde, Michael E O' Brien, Jesse R West, Tammy Flagg, Noel G McElvaney, Edward Eden, Christian Mueller, Mark L Brantly, Patrick Geraghty, Emer P Reeves
INTRODUCTION: Altered complement component 3 (C3) activation in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) has been reported. To understand the potential impact on course of inflammation, the aim of this study was to investigate whether C3d, a cleavage-product of C3, triggers interleukin (IL)-1β secretion via activation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The objective was to explore the effect of AAT augmentation therapy in patients with AATD on the C3d/complement receptor 3 (CR3) signalling axis of monocytes and on circulating pro-inflammatory markers...
February 28, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413193/mildly-elevated-pulmonary-vascular-resistance-and-worsened-survival-in-ph-ild-an-opportunity-for-earlier-diagnosis-and-intervention
#9
EDITORIAL
Steven J Cassady, Bradley A Maron
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 27, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413192/greenhouse-gas-emissions-associated-with-suboptimal-asthma-care-in-the-uk-the-sabina-healthcare-based-environmental-cost-of-treatment-carbon-study
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander J K Wilkinson, Ekaterina Maslova, Christer Janson, Vasanth Radhakrishnan, Jennifer K Quint, Nigel Budgen, Trung N Tran, Yang Xu, Andrew Menzies-Gow, John P Bell
BACKGROUND: Poorly controlled asthma is associated with increased morbidity and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU). Therefore, to quantify the environmental impact of asthma care, this retrospective, cohort, healthCARe-Based envirONmental cost of treatment (CARBON) study estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the UK associated with the management of well-controlled versus poorly controlled asthma. METHODS: Patients with current asthma (aged ≥12 years) registered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2008‒2019) were included...
February 27, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395603/post-pandemic-tuberculosis-incidence-potential-success-of-active-case-finding
#11
EDITORIAL
Catherine M Stein
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 23, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388490/comprehensive-analysis-of-environmental-exposure-to-hazardous-trace-elements-and-lung-function-a-national-cross-sectional-study
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yun-Jiang Yu, Tong Zheng, Jennifer L Perret, Yajing Han, Hongyan Li, Wenjie Meng, Dinh Bui, Qi-Zhen Wu, Chenyin Dong, Qiu-Ling Fang, Zhenchi Li, Hongxuan Kuang, Xiaowen Chen, Mingdeng Xiang, Xiaodi Qin, Shyamali C Dharmage, Guang-Hui Dong, Yang Zhou
BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the joint effects of hazardous trace elements (HTEs) on lung function deficits, but the data are limited. This is a critical research gap given increased global industrialisation. METHODS: A national cross-sectional study including spirometry was performed among 2112 adults across 11 provinces in China between 2020 and 2021. A total of 27 HTEs were quantified from urine samples. Generalised linear models and quantile-based g-computation were used to explore the individual and joint effects of urinary HTEs on lung function, respectively...
February 22, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388489/improved-childhood-asthma-control-after-exposure-reduction-interventions-for-desert-dust-and-anthropogenic-air-pollution-the-medea-randomised-controlled-trial
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Panayiotis Kouis, Emmanouil Galanakis, Eleni Michaelidou, Paraskevi Kinni, Antonis Michanikou, Constantinos Pitsios, Julietta Perez, Souzana Achilleos, Nicos Middleton, Pinelopi Anagnostopoulou, Helen Dimitriou, Efstathios Revvas, Gerasimos Stamatelatos, Haris Zacharatos, Chrysanthos Savvides, Emily Vasiliadou, Nikos Kalivitis, Andreas Chrysanthou, Filippos Tymvios, Stefania I Papatheodorou, Petros Koutrakis, Panayiotis K Yiallouros
INTRODUCTION: Elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations of anthropogenic and/or desert dust origin are associated with increased morbidity among children with asthma. OBJECTIVE: The Mitigating the Health Effects of Desert Dust Storms Using Exposure-Reduction Approaches randomised controlled trial assessed the impact of exposure reduction recommendations, including indoor air filtration, on childhood asthma control during high desert dust storms (DDS) season in Cyprus and Greece...
February 22, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388488/does-ics-treatment-increase-the-risk-of-pneumonia-in-asthma
#14
EDITORIAL
Christer Janson
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 22, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388487/neutrophils-and-rsv-differences-with-age
#15
EDITORIAL
Zoe Rooke, Noreen Zainal Abidin, Caroline Harris, Malcolm Brodlie
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 22, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38359924/impact-of-ambient-air-pollution-on-lung-function-in-preterm-born-school-aged-children
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William John Watkins, Christopher William Course, Michael Cousins, Kylie Hart, Sarah J Kotecha, Sailesh Kotecha
RATIONALE: Increased outdoor air pollution worsens lung function in children. However, these associations are less well studied in preterm-born individuals. OBJECTIVES: We assessed associations between ambient air pollutants and spirometry measures in preterm-born children. METHODS: The Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates study recruited preterm-born children aged 7-12 years who were born at ≤34 week's gestation. We associated four ambient air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2...
February 22, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378235/mucus-clears-from-the-trachea-in-a-helix-a-new-twist-to-understanding-airway-diseases
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Abelson, James Di Michiel, Clayton Frater, Mark Pearson, Robert Russo, Martin Wechselberger, Alice Cottee, Lucy Morgan
BACKGROUND: Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is critical to lung health and is impaired in many diseases. The path of MCC may have an important impact on clearance but has never been rigorously studied. The objective of this study is to assess the three-dimensional path of human tracheal MCC in disease and health. METHODS: Tracheal MCC was imaged in 12 ex-smokers, 3 non-smokers (1 opportunistically imaged during acute influenza and repeated after recovery) and 5 individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)...
February 20, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38373824/airway-epithelial-cell-response-to-rsv-is-mostly-impaired-in-goblet-and-multiciliated-cells-in-asthma
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aurore C A Gay, Martin Banchero, Orestes Carpaij, Tessa M Kole, Leonie Apperloo, Djoke van Gosliga, Putri Ayu Fajar, Gerard H Koppelman, Louis Bont, Rudi W Hendriks, Maarten van den Berge, Martijn C Nawijn
BACKGROUND: In patients with asthma, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections can cause disease exacerbation by infecting the epithelial layer of the airways, inducing subsequent immune response. The type I interferon antiviral response of epithelial cells upon RSV infection is found to be reduced in asthma in most-but not all-studies. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms causing the differences in the asthmatic bronchial epithelium in response to viral infection are poorly understood...
February 19, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38373823/type-2-inflammation-a-key-treatable-trait-associated-with-lung-function-decline-in-chronic-airways-disease
#19
EDITORIAL
Nayia Petousi, Ian D Pavord, Brian Daniel Kent
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 19, 2024: Thorax
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38365452/invasive-versus-non-invasive-paediatric-home-mechanical-ventilation-review-of-the-international-evolution-over-the-past-24-years
#20
REVIEW
Michel Toussaint, Olivier van Hove, Dimitri Leduc, Lise Ansay, Nicolas Deconinck, Brigitte Fauroux, Sonia Khirani
BACKGROUND: Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is the treatment for chronic hypercapnic alveolar hypoventilation. The proportion and evolution of paediatric invasive (IMV) and non-invasive (NIV) HMV across the world is unknown, as well as the disorders and age of children using HMV. METHODS: Search of Medline/PubMed for publications of paediatric surveys on HMV from 2000 to 2023. RESULTS: Data from 32 international reports, representing 8815 children (59% boys) using HMV, were analysed...
February 16, 2024: Thorax
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