Resuscitation

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic/ early antibiotics (intervention group) compared with clinically driven/ delayed antibiotics (control group) on patient and infectious outcomes in adult cardiac arrest patients admitted to hospital DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE (1946-current), EMBASE (1947-current) and the Cochrane library (inception-current) on 8th May 2018. Additional citations were identified through forward and backward citation tracking. STUDY SELECTION: Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-texts...

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AIM: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality affects survival after cardiac arrest. We aimed to investigate if a smartwatch with real-time feedback can improve CPR quality by Healthcare Professionals. METHODS: An app providing real-time audiovisual feedback was developed for a smartwatch. Emergency Department (ED) professionals were recruited and randomly allocated to either the intervention group wearing a smartwatch with the preinstalled app, or to a control group...

AIM: We aimed to prospectively validate the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation (GO-FAR) score, which predicts the likelihood of survival to discharge neurologically intact or with minimal deficits (conscious, alert, and able to work) after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). METHODS: Inpatients experiencing an index episode of IHCA between 2010 and 2016 in hospitals participating in the Get With the Guidelines® - Resuscitation (GWTG-R) Registry were included...

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Closed chest compressions (CCC) are recommended for medical cardiac arrest, but there is little evidence to support their inclusion for traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA). This laboratory study evaluated CCC following haemorrhage-induced TCA and whether resuscitation with blood improved survival compared to saline. The study was conducted with the authority of UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (received institutional ethical approval and a Home Office Licence) using 39 terminally anesthetised, instrumented, juvenile Large White pigs...

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe patient characteristics, event characteristics, and outcomes for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest in Denmark. METHODS: Data was obtained from DANARREST. DANARREST is a nationwide registry that covers all in-hospital cardiac arrests in Denmark with a clinical indication for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (i.e. without a prior "do-not-resuscitate" order). RESULTS: A total of 4069 adult in-hospital cardiac arrests were registered between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2018...

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to assess the characteristics such as public-access defibrillation by laypersons and the outcomes after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by location in the public-access defibrillation era. METHODS: From a nationwide, prospective, population-based registry of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Japan, we enrolled consecutive pediatric patients aged ≤17 years before emergency-medical-service arrival between 2013 and 2015...

INTRODUCTION: Correct defibrillation pad positioning optimises the chances of successful defibrillation. AEDs have pictoral representation to guide untrained bystanders in correct pad positioning. There is a wide variation in this pictoral guidance and evidence suggests that correct anatomical pad placement is poor. We reviewed all currently available diagrams and assessed the resultant pad placement achieved by untrained bystanders following these instructions. METHODS: Twenty untrained bystanders were presented with a total of 27 different pad placement diagrams (including one designed by the researchers) in a random sequence and were asked to apply them to the chest of an adult manikin...

OBJECTIVE: For patients suffering from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), having an initial shockable rhythm is a marker of good prognosis. It has been suggested as one of the main prognosticating factors for the selection of patients for extracorporeal resuscitation (E-CPR). However, the prognostic implication of converting from a non-shockable to a shockable rhythm, as compared to having an initial shockable rhythm, remains uncertain, especially among patients that can otherwise be considered eligible for E-CPR...

BACKGROUND: Nasopharygeal airways are used in urgent situations to alleviate airway obstruction. Guidelines for measuring the length of the NPA differ between national and international guidelines, and the evidence base for these measurements is lacking. The purpose of this study was to measure the nares-epiglottis and nares-vocal cord distances in young children (neonates to 12 years) on 3D reconstructed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain volume scans, and to examine the relationship of these distances with the nares-tragus and nares-mandible distances...

BACKGROUND: Double-Sequential Defibrillation (DSD) is the near-simultaneous use of two defibrillators to treat refractory VF. We hypothesized that (1) risk of DSD-associated defibrillator damage depends on shock vector and (2) the efficacy of DSD depends on inter-shock time. METHODS: Part 1: risk of defibrillator damage was assessed in three anaesthetized pigs by applying two sets of defibrillation electrodes in six different configurations (near-orthogonal or near-parallel vectors)...

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BACKGROUND: Animal studies indicate that maintaining physiologic O2 levels (normoxia) immediately after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from cardiac arrest (CA) results in less hippocampal neuronal death compared to animals ventilated with 100% O2 . This study tested the hypothesis that beneficial effects of avoiding hyperoxia following CA are apparent in the cerebellum and therefore not limited to one brain region. METHODS: Adult beagles were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated...

STUDY AIM: Recent work has demonstrated low rates of layperson CPR training across the US. In an attempt to increase rates, some states passed legislation that requires CPR training before high school graduation. We hypothesized laypeople in states with required training would exhibit a greater likelihood of being currently trained in CPR when compared with laypeople in states without required CPR training. METHODS: We used a previously conducted nationwide cross-sectional random-digit dial survey of the US adult population (09/2015-11/2015)...

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