Radiology

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Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The prevailing theory of the underlying pathology assumes amyloid accumulation followed by tau protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. However, the current antiamyloid and antitau treatments show only variable clinical efficacy. Three relevant points are important for the radiologic assessment of dementia. First, besides various dementing disorders (including AD, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies), clinical variants and imaging subtypes of AD include both typical and atypical AD...

Background Radiology ranks high in terms of specialties implicated in medical malpractice claims. While most radiologists understand the risks of liability for missed findings or lapses of communication, liability for the use of contrast agents in imaging procedures may be underappreciated. Purpose To review the clinical context and outcomes of lawsuits alleging medical malpractice for contrast-related imaging procedures. Materials and Methods Two large U.S. legal databases were queried using the terms "Contrast" and "Radiology OR Radiologist" from database inception to October 31, 2022, to identify cases with published decisions or settlements related to medical malpractice in patients who underwent contrast-related imaging procedures...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background Patients who developed myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination show abnormalities on cardiac MRI. However, whether myocardial changes occur in asymptomatic individuals following vaccination is not well established. Purpose To assess myocardial 18 Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) uptake on PET/CT in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated patients compared to nonvaccinated patients. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT for indications unrelated to myocarditis during the period before (11/1/2020 - 2/16/2021) and after (2/17/20121 - 3/31/2022) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were available...

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Background Access to supplemental screening breast MRI is determined using traditional risk models, which are limited by modest predictive accuracy. Purpose To compare the diagnostic accuracy of a mammogram-based deep learning (DL) risk assessment model to that of traditional breast cancer risk models in patients who underwent supplemental screening with MRI. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients undergoing breast cancer screening MRI from September 2017 to September 2020 at four facilities...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background The latest large language models (LLMs) solve unseen problems via user-defined text prompts without the need for retraining, offering potentially more efficient information extraction from free-text medical records than manual annotation. Purpose To compare the performance of the LLMs ChatGPT and GPT-4 in data mining and labeling oncologic phenotypes from free-text CT reports on lung cancer by using user-defined prompts. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent lung cancer follow-up CT between September 2021 and March 2023...

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Background A priori identification of patients at risk of artificial intelligence (AI) failure in diagnosing cancer would contribute to the safer clinical integration of diagnostic algorithms. Purpose To evaluate AI prediction variability as an uncertainty quantification (UQ) metric for identifying cases at risk of AI failure in diagnosing cancer at MRI and CT across different cancer types, data sets, and algorithms. Materials and Methods Multicenter data sets and publicly available AI algorithms from three previous studies that evaluated detection of pancreatic cancer on contrast-enhanced CT images, detection of prostate cancer on MRI scans, and prediction of pulmonary nodule malignancy on low-dose CT images were analyzed retrospectively...

Background Initial imaging work-up using radiography and CT arthrography sometimes can be insufficient to identify a scapholunate (SL) instability (SLI) in patients suspected of having SL ligament tears. Purpose To determine the diagnostic performance of four-dimensional (4D) CT in the identification of SLI and apply the findings to patients suspected of having SLI and with inconclusive findings on radiographs and CT arthrograms. Materials and Methods This prospective single-center study enrolled participants suspected of having SLI (recent trauma, dorsal pain, positive Watson test results, decreased grip strength) between March 2015 and March 2020...

Background Timely treatment of scapholunate instability depends on early identification, but current imaging methods are either intricate or fail to demonstrate the dynamic stages. Purpose To calculate the diagnostic accuracy of four-dimensional (4D) CT for diagnosing instable scapholunate ligament (SLL) tears. Materials and Methods This prospective study enrolled consecutive participants with clinically suspected SLL tears who underwent 4D CT from July 2020 to May 2022. A historical study sample diagnosed at cineradiography served as a comparison, and wrist arthroscopy was the reference standard...

Background Multiple qualitative scoring systems have been created to capture the imaging severity of hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Purpose To evaluate quantitative volumes of acute brain injury at MRI in neonates with hypoxic ischemic brain injury and correlate these findings with 24-month neurodevelopmental outcomes and qualitative brain injury scoring by radiologists. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis, brain diffusion-weighted MRI data from neonates in the High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy trial, which recruited participants between January 2017 and October 2019, were analyzed...

Background The prognostic value of coronary CT angiography (CTA)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) beyond 1-year outcomes and in patients with high levels of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is uncertain. Purpose To assess the prognostic value of coronary CTA-derived FFR test results on 3-year clinical outcomes in patients with coronary stenosis and among a subgroup of patients with high levels of CAC. Materials and Methods This study represents a 3-year follow-up of patients with new-onset stable angina pectoris who were consecutively enrolled in the Assessing Diagnostic Value of Noninvasive CT-FFR in Coronary Care, known as ADVANCE (ClinicalTrials...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.