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Journals Medicine and Science in Sports...

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940200/gait-variability-structure-linked-to-worse-cartilage-composition-post-acl-reconstruction
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cortney Armitano-Lago, Hope C Davis-Wilson, Alyssa Evans-Pickett, Caroline Lisee, Cassidy E Kershner, Troy Blackburn, Jason R Franz, Adam W Kiefer, Daniel Nissman, Brian Pietrosimone
INTRODUCTION: Aberrant gait variability has been observed following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), yet it remains unknown if gait variability associates with early changes in cartilage composition linked to osteoarthritis development. Our purpose was to determine the association between femoral articular cartilage T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times and gait variability. METHODS: T1ρ MRI and gait kinematics were collected in 22 ACLR participants (13 Females; 21 ± 4 years old; 7...
March 21, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940222/short-severe-energy-restriction-with-refueling-reduces-body-mass-without-altering-training-associated-performance-improvement
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Louise M Burke, Jamie Whitfield, Megan L R Ross, Nicolin Tee, Avish P Sharma, Andy J King, Ida A Heikura, Aimee Morabito, Alannah K A McKay
PURPOSE: We investigated short-term (9 d) exposure to low energy availability (LEA) in elite endurance athletes during a block of intensified training on self-reported well-being, body composition and performance. METHODS: Twenty-three highly trained race walkers undertook a ~ 3 w research-embedded training camp during which they undertook baseline testing and 6 d of high energy/carbohydrate (CHO) availability (40 kcal·kg FFM-1·d-1) before being allocated to 9 d continuation of this diet (HCHO: n = 10 M, 2F) or a significant decrease in energy availability to 15 kcal·kg FFM-1·d-1 (LEA: n = 10 M, 1F)...
March 20, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924336/effect-of-cold-exposure-and-exercise-on-insulin-sensitivity-and-serum-free-fatty-acids-in-obese-rats
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiquan Weng, Chaoge Wang, Yu Yuan, Zhenhuan Wang, Jujiao Kuang, Xu Yan, Hao Chen
PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the effect of exercise and cold exposure on insulin sensitivity and the level of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) in diet-induced obese rats. METHODS: 64 diet-induced obese rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: room temperature -sedentary, room temperature -exercise, acute cold exposure -sedentary, acute cold exposure -exercise, intermittent cold exposure -sedentary, intermittent cold exposure -exercise, sustained cold exposure -sedentary, and sustained cold exposure -exercise...
March 14, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924332/can-we-accurately-predict-critical-power-and-w-from-a-single-ramp-incremental-exercise-test
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin Caen, Jan G Bourgois, Lena Stuer, Vincent Mermans, Jan Boone
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the suitability of a single ramp incremental test to predict critical power (CP) and W'. We hypothesized that CP would correspond to the corrected power output (PO) at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and W' would be calculable from the work done above RCP. METHODS: 153 healthy young people (26 ± 4 yr, 51.4 ± 7.6 mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a maximal ramp test (20, 25 or 30 W·min-1), followed by three to five constant load trials to determine CP and W'...
March 14, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924331/the-effect-of-exercise-on-quality-of-life-in-type-2-diabetes-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angelo Sabag, Courtney R Chang, Monique E Francois, Shelley E Keating, Jeff Coombes, Nathan A Johnson, Maria Pastor-Valero, Juan Pablo Rey-Lopez
BACKGROUND: Exercise is a proven therapy for managing cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, its effects on patient-reported outcome measures such as quality of life (QoL) in people with type 2 diabetes remain unclear. Consequently, the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise on QoL in adults with T2D. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of different exercise modalities on QoL. The third aim was to determine whether improvements in QoL were associated with improvements in glycated hemoglobin (A1C)...
March 14, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924325/microbiota-mediate-enhanced-exercise-capacity-induced-by-exercise-training
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert A Dowden, Paul J Wisniewski, Candace R Longoria, Marko Oydanich, Tara McNulty, Esther Rodriguez, Jie Zhang, Mark Cavallo, John J Guers, Dorothy E Vatner, Stephen F Vatner, Sara C Campbell
PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of gut microbes, and the mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance induced by exercise training, i.e., skeletal muscle blood flow, and mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in male mice. METHODS: All mice received a graded exercise test prior to (PRE) and following exercise training via forced treadmill running at 60-70% of maximal running capacity 5 d/wk for 5 weeks (POST). To examine the role of the gut microbes, the graded exercise was repeated after 7 days of access to antibiotic treated water (ABX), used to eliminate gut microbes...
March 14, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36921110/18-month-changes-in-physical-activity-body-weight-quadriceps-strength-and-gait-biomechanics-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas M Brisson, Leonie A N Krahl, Martin Krämer, Jürgen R Reichenbach, Georg N Duda
PURPOSE: This study assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions/lockdowns on physical activity levels, body mass, quadriceps strength and gait biomechanics over 18 months. METHODS: Ten healthy men were assessed at baseline (~14 weeks before first lockdown) and 17.9 ± 0.3 months later (<1 week after second lockdown). At both times, physical activity levels, body mass and quadriceps strength were acquired using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a force plate, and a dynamometer, respectively...
March 13, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924338/exploring-children-s-self-reported-activity-compensation-the-react-study
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brittany Swelam, Lauren Arundell, Jo Salmon, Gavin Abbott, Anna Timperio, Sebastien F M Chastin, Nicola D Ridgers
PURPOSE: Previous research has focused on device-based measures of activity compensation, with little understanding of how children perceive potential compensatory responses to activity or inactivity, or whether these change following periods of activity or inactivity. The aim of this study was to (a) explore the alignment between children's self-reported usual compensation and compensation recall following experimental conditions; and (b) examine sex differences. METHODS: In total, 360 children (47% boys) participated in at least one of three experimental conditions over six weeks (a) restricted physical activity (PA; indoor play); (b) imposed moderate-to vigorous PA (MVPA; sports class); and (c) imposed light PA (LPA; standing lesson)...
March 10, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924333/softball-pitchers-body-segment-girths-are-associated-with-varied-biomechanics-at-ball-release-of-the-pitch
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kenzie B Friesen, Gretchen D Oliver
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between pitcher trunk and throwing arm girth with kinematics at ball release of the softball pitch. Softball pitchers can be of various shapes and sizes; however, it is unknown if segment girth might influence pitch biomechanics. Because of the importance of body positioning at ball release of the windmill pitch, this study examined the relationship between segment girth and pitch biomechanics at ball release. METHODS: Forty-two pitchers volunteered to participate (1...
March 10, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36921112/breaking-up-evening-sitting-with-resistance-activity-improves-postprandial-glycemic-response-a-randomized-crossover-study
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer T Gale, Dorothy L Wei, Jillian J Haszard, Rachel C Brown, Rachael W Taylor, Meredith C Peddie
INTRODUCTION: Interrupting sedentary time during the day reduces postprandial glycemia (a risk factor for cardio-metabolic disease). However, it is not known if benefits exist for postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses in the evening, and if these benefits differ by BMI category. METHODS: In a randomized crossover study, 30 participants (aged 25.4 ± 5.4 years; BMI 18.5-24.9: n = 10, BMI 25-29.9: n = 10, BMI ≥30: n = 10), completed two intervention arms, beginning at ~1700 h: prolonged sitting for 4 h; and sitting with regular activity breaks of 3 min of resistance exercises every 30 min...
March 10, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36897825/cross-lagged-associations-between-physical-activity-motor-performance-and-academic-skills-in-primary-school-children
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eero A Haapala, Anna Widlund, Anna-Maija Poikkeus, Rodrigo Antunes Lima, Soren Brage, Pirjo Aunio, Timo A Lakka
PURPOSE: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the interwoven longitudinal dynamics between physical activity (PA), motor performance, and academic skills in middle childhood. Therefore, we investigated the cross-lagged associations between PA, motor performance, and academic skills from Grade 1 to Grade 3 in Finnish primary-school children. METHODS: A total of 189 children aged 6-9 years at baseline comprised the study sample. Total PA was assessed using a questionnaire filled out by parents, moderate-to-vigorous PA by combined heart rate and body movement monitor, motor performance by 10x5-metre shuttle run test, and academic skills by arithmetic fluency and reading comprehension tests in Grade 1 and Grade 3...
March 7, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893305/froude-efficiency-and-velocity-fluctuation-in-forearm-amputee-front-crawl-implications-for-para-swimming-classification
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dawn N O'Dowd, Luke Hogarth, Brendan Burkett, Conor Osborough, Daniel Daly, Ross Sanders, Carl Payton
PURPOSE: The impact of physical impairment on Froude efficiency and intra-cyclic velocity fluctuation in Para swimmers is not well documented. Identification of differences in these variables between disabled and non-disabled swimmers could help develop a more objective system for assigning Para swimmers to classes for competition. This study quantifies Froude efficiency and intra-cyclic velocity fluctuation in unilateral forearm-amputee front crawl swimmers, and evaluates associations between these variables and performance...
March 7, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36897829/hormonal-contraceptives-do-not-influence-concussion-recovery-in-collegiate-athletes-data-from-the-ncaa-dod-care-consortium
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacob James Michael Kay, Kiersten I Mangold, Andrew Lapointe, Thomas McAllister, Shawn M Arent, Michael McCrea, Steven Broglio, Toni Torres-McGehee, Robert Davis Moore
INTRODUCTION: The hormonal withdrawal hypothesis suggests that reduction of progesterone in women following concussion may lead to greater symptom burden and longer recoveries. Current evidence indicates that hormonal stability following head injury may be an important moderator of post-concussive recovery. Thus, female athletes using hormonal contraceptives (HCs) may exhibit better recovery profiles as their hormone levels are artificially stabilized. Our investigation sought to examine the relation between HC use and concussion outcomes in female student-athletes...
March 6, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36897828/aerobic-exercise-cognitive-performance-and-brain-activity-in-adolescents-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie M Van Riper, Gavin D Tempest, Aaron Piccirilli, Qianheng Ma, Allan L Reiss
INTRODUCTION: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder for which behavioural treatments such as exercise are recommended as part of a multi-disciplinary treatment program. Exercise improves executive function in individuals with ADHD, but limited information exists regarding the mechanisms involved in the response. We examined task-evoked brain responses during exercise and seated rest in 38 adolescents (n = 15 ADHD; age = 13.6+/-1.9, male = 73...
March 6, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36897827/physical-activity-and-sedentary-behavior-in-the-portuguese-population-what-has-changed-from-2008-to-2018
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
João P Magalhães, Megan Hetherington-Rauth, Gil B Rosa, Inês R Correia, Graça M Pinto, José P Ferreira, Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva, Armando M Raimundo, Jorge Mota, Luís B Sardinha
PURPOSE: Assessment of trends in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) is important for evaluating the effectiveness of national policies and setting goals to improve population PA. This study describes changes in measured PA and ST through motion sensors of the Portuguese population from 2008 to 2018. METHODS: PA and ST were measured with accelerometry from individuals (≥10 yrs) participating in the 2008 (n = 4 532) and 2018 (n = 6 369) Portuguese PA Surveillance Systems...
March 6, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36878015/hippocampal-subfield-volumes-in-amateur-marathon-runners
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ya-Wen Ao, Yu-Shuang Li, Yi-Lin Zhao, Liang Zhang, Ren-Jie Yang, Yun-Fei Zha
PURPOSE: Numerous studies have implicated involvement of structure and function of the hippocampus in physical exercise, and the larger hippocampal volume is one of the relevant benefits reported in exercise. It remains to be determined that how the different subfields of hippocampus respond to physical exercise. METHODS: 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were acquired in 73 amateur marathon runners (AMRs) and 52 healthy controls (HCs) matched with age, sex and education...
March 3, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893306/menstrual-function-eating-disorders-low-energy-availability-and-musculoskeletal-injuries-in-british-servicewomen
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas J O'Leary, Charlotte V Coombs, Caitlin Perrett, Rebecca L Double, Nicky Keay, Sophie L Wardle, Julie P Greeves
PURPOSE: To investigate associations between menstrual function, eating disorders, and risk of low energy availability with musculoskeletal injuries in British Servicewomen. METHODS: All women under 45 in the UK Armed Forces were invited to complete a survey about menstrual function, eating behaviours, exercise behaviours, and injury history. RESULTS: 3,022 women participated; 2% had a bone stress injury in the last 12 months, 20% had ever had a bone stress injury, 40% had a time-loss musculoskeletal injury in the last 12 months, and 11% were medically downgraded for a musculoskeletal injury...
February 24, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893303/nocturnal-heart-rate-variability-in-women-discordant-for-hormonal-contraceptive-use
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Essi K Ahokas, Helen G Hanstock, Ida Löfberg, Mari Nyman, Piia Wenning, Heikki Kyröläinen, Ritva Mikkonen, Johanna K Ihalainen
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate within-cycle differences in nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in naturally menstruating women (NM) and women using combined hormonal contraceptives (CU) or progestin-only hormonal contraceptives (PU). METHODS: Physically active participants were recruited into three groups: NM (n = 19), CU (n = 11), and PU (n = 12). Participants' HR and HRV (with Bodyguard 2 HRV monitor), and blood hormones were monitored during one menstrual cycle (MC) (NM-group) or for 4 weeks (CU and PU-groups)...
February 24, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893302/effect-of-exogenous-acute-%C3%AE-hydroxybutyrate-administration-on-different-modalities-of-exercise-performance-in-healthy-rats
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naoki Horii, Eri Miyamoto-Mikami, Shumpei Fujie, Masataka Uchida, Kenichiro Inoue, Keiko Iemitsu, Izumi Tabata, Shigeru Nakamura, Jun Tsubota, Kazuo Tsubota, Motoyuki Iemitsu
PURPOSE: A ketone body (β-hydroxybutyrate [β-HB]) is used as an energy source in the peripheral tissues. However, the effects of acute β-HB supplementation on different modalities of exercise performance remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of acute β-HB administration on the exercise performance of rats. METHODS: In Study 1, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: endurance exercise (EE + PL and EE + KE), resistance exercise (RE + PL and RE + KE), and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE+PL and HIIE+KE) with placebo (PL) or β-HB salt (KE) administration...
February 24, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36878190/physical-activity-trajectories-in-early-childhood-investigating-personal-environmental-and-participation-factors
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick G McPhee, Natascja A Di Cristofaro, Hilary A T Caldwell, Nicole A Proudfoot, Sara King-Dowling, Maureen J MacDonald, John Cairney, Steven R Bray, Brian W Timmons
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: To determine personal, environmental, and participation factors that predict children's physical activity (PA) trajectories from preschool through to school years. METHODS: 279 children (4.5 ± 0.9 years old, 52% boys) were included in this study. PA was collected via accelerometry at 6 different timepoints over 6.3 ± 0.6 years. Time stable variables were collected at baseline and included child's sex and ethnicity. Time dependent variables were collected at 6 timepoints (age, years) and included household income (CAD), parental total PA, parental influence on PA, and parent-reported child's quality of life, child's sleep, and child's amount of weekend outdoor PA...
February 24, 2023: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
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