Journal of Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: To identify the trend in failure to rescue (FTR) and risk factors contributing to racial disparities in FTR after pediatric heart surgery using contemporary nationwide data. STUDY DESIGN: We identified 85,267 congenital heart surgeries in patients <18 years of age from 2009 to 2019 using the Kid's Inpatient Database (KID). The primary outcome was FTR. A mixed-effect logistic regression model with hospital random intercept was used to identify independent predictors of FTR...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To determine socioeconomic status (SES) has a greater effect than standard demographic values on predicted peak oxygen consumption (pVO2 ). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a single-institution, retrospective analysis of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) data from 2010 to 2020 for healthy patients age <19 years with BMI percentile (BMI%) between 5-95. Data were sorted by self-identified race, BMI%, and adjusted gross income (AGI); AGI served as a surrogate for SES...

OBJECTIVE: To compare long-term outcomes of pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients off immunosuppression (IS) with matched controls on IS using data from the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplant (SPLIT) registry. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective case-control study. SPLIT participants < 18 years of age, ≥4 years post isolated LT, and off IS for ≥1 year ("cases") were age- and sex- matched 1:2 to subjects with the same primary diagnosis and post-LT follow-up duration ("controls")...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To assess management strategies for pediatric patients with the challenging combination of congenital heart diseases (CHD) and airway anomalies. STUDY DESIGN: Patients diagnosed with CHD and airway anomalies in the Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Centre of Fuwai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups based on different management, including the conservative group, the slide group (slide tracheoplasty), and the suspension group (suspension with external stenting)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether music therapy is effective to reduce pain during daily personal hygiene care (DPHC), a procedure performed in all patients in a pediatric intensive care unit. METHODS: Fifty critically ill children were enrolled in a crossover controlled clinical trial with random ordering of the intervention, i.e., passive music therapy, and standard conditions, and blind assessment of pain on film recordings. Primary outcome was variation of the Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) score (range 0 to 10) comparing before and during DPHC...

Social and behavioral genomics is an emerging field that investigates whether and how molecular genetic differences between individuals relate to differences in behavioral and social outcomes such as cognitive ability, income, sexual orientation, and years of schooling. The field is the subject of ongoing academic debate and controversy. While increased attention has been devoted to considering the downstream social and ethical implications of social and behavioral genomics, limited attention has thus far been devoted to examining the specific implications of social and behavioral genomics for pediatric populations...

OBJECTIVE: To assess brain development in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using a fetal Total Maturation Score (fTMS). STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from a single-center, clinical registry. Neonates with an antenatal diagnosis of CDH between 2014 - 2020 and prenatal brain magnetic resonance imaging (n = 48) were included. We compared our study sample with historical healthy controls (n = 48). The relationship between fTMS and gestational age, as well as the association between fTMS and key prenatal variables and placental pathologic findings, were evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the treatment outcomes of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and its associated factors in children aged 6-59 months in Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia. DESIGN: A multi-institutionally-based, retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted, based on records from September 11, 2014, to September 11, 2017. Simple random sampling was used to select the records. A pre-tested extraction format was used to collect information from the logbook and patient records...

OBJECTIVES: To test whether preschool academic skills were associated with educational attainment in adolescence and whether associations differed between individuals born preterm and at full term. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective cohort study comprised 6,924 individuals, including N=444 (6.4%) adolescents born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation, mostly 32-36 weeks gestation) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Preschool academic (mathematics and literacy) skills were rated by teachers at 4-5 years...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether health-related physical fitness and BMI status differed before and after school closure from the COVID-19 pandemic in a population-based cohort of Hong Kong primary schoolchildren. STUDY DESIGN: We examined the BMI z-score, BMI status, and physical fitness z-scores including (i) upper limb muscle strength, (ii) one-minute sit-up test, (iii) sit-and-reach test, and (iv) endurance run tests, among three epochs: pre-pandemic (September 2018 - August 2019), before school closure (September 2019 - January 2020), and partial school reopening (September 2021 - August 2022), using a repeated cross-sectional approach...

OBJECTIVE: To compare endoscopic and histologic upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]) findings in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to age- and gender-matched controls with developmental delay (DD) or with typical development (TD). METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional study of children undergoing upper endoscopy, identifying those diagnosed with ASD, and matching on age and gender to children with DD or TD in ratio of 1:1:2. Rates of EGD findings were compared between the three groups using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether greater duration of simultaneous exposure to antimicrobials with high nephrotoxicity risk combined with lower-risk antimicrobials (simultaneous exposure) in the NICU is associated with worse later kidney health in adolescents born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of participants born preterm with VLBW (<1500 grams) as singletons between January 1, 1992, and June 30, 1996. We defined simultaneous exposure as a high-risk antimicrobial, such as vancomycin, administered with a lower-risk antimicrobial on the same date in the NICU...

OBJECTIVE: To test whether a NICU-based language curriculum for families with preterm infants enhances the language environment and post-discharge Bayley-III language and cognitive scores. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with infants born ≤ 32-weeks assigned to a parent-driven language intervention or health-safety lessons (controls). Recordings of adult word counts (AWC), conversational turns (CT), and child vocalizations (CV) were captured at 32, 34, and 36 weeks...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if children who present with an elbow flexion contracture (EFC) from brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) are more likely to develop shoulder contracture and undergo surgical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of children <2 years with BPBI who presented to a single children's hospital from 1993-2020. Age, elbow and shoulder range of motion (ROM), imaging measurements, and surgical treatment and outcome were analyzed. Patients with EFC ≥10° were included in the study sample...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of iron status assessment in pediatric heart failure and the prevalence and adverse effects of absolute iron deficiency in dilated cardiomyopathy-induced heart failure. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed records of children with chronic heart failure at our center between 2010 and 2020. In children with dilated cardiomyopathy, we analyzed baseline cardiac function, hemoglobin level, and subsequent risk of composite adverse events (CAE), including death, heart transplant, ventricular assist device placement, and transplant registry listing...