Journal of Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: To validate a novel biomarker, airway impedance for extraesophageal disease. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively recruited patients with respiratory symptoms undergoing combined endoscopy and direct laryngoscopy (DL) for the evaluation of symptoms. The DL was performed and videotaped for blinded scoring by three otolaryngologists and an impedance catheter was placed onto the posterior larynx to obtain measurements. Following this, an endoscopy was performed and impedance measurements and biopsies were taken at three esophageal heights...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a nationally representative estimate of the proportion of gun owners who report a child has independent access to one of their guns and to describe characteristics of these gun owners relative to other gun owning parents. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of online survey data collected in 2019 from a nationally representative sample of US adults in households with firearms (n=4030, response 65%). The sample comprised gun owning respondents living in homes with children (n=689) who were asked questions about their firearms, including how they were stored, and about whom other than themselves had access to their guns: "If you were not there, who in your household could get one of your guns (and load it if it is not loaded already) if they needed to?" RESULTS: Twelve percent of US gun owners in homes with children report that a child has independent access to one of their guns (about one-fifth of those having children under age 12 only)...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the cognitive capacity of early, middle, and late adolescents, and their parents or guardians to provide informed consent to a population-based cohort study. STUDY DESIGN: adolescent-parent/guardian dyads including 40 early (N = 80; 10-14 years), 20 middle (15-17 years), and 20 late (18-19 years) adolescents were recruited from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), an open demographic cohort in Uganda. Participants were administered the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR), a structured open-ended assessment; interviews were recorded and transcribed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the real-world frequency, timing, duration, difficulty, and helpfulness of three infant Behavioral Sleep Intervention (BSI) approaches: Unmodified Extinction, Modified Extinction, and Parental Presence, and to examine the effectiveness and safety of these approaches by comparing infant sleep, parent sleep, daytime sleepiness, depression, and parent-infant bonding between parents who had and had not implemented these interventions. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were 2090 parents (75% mothers, 79% White/Caucasian) of US infants (49% girls) aged 3-18 months (M=9...

OBJECTIVES: To compare acute care virtual visits with in-person visits with respect to equity of access, markers of quality and safety, and parent and provider experience, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: We compared patient demographics, antimicrobial prescribing rates, ED utilization, and patient-experience scores for virtual visits and in-person care at two academic pediatric primary care practices using chi-square testing and interrupted time series analyses...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the whether a greater percentage of term infant deaths among US-born (versus foreign-born) women is attributable to paternal non-acknowledgement. STUDY DESIGN: Using a cross-sectional population-based design, stratified and multivariable binomial regression analyses were performed on a subset of the 2017 National Center for Health Statistics linked live birth-infant death cohort dataset of singleton, term (37-42 weeks) infants of US-born (N=2,127,243) and foreign-born (N=334,664) women...

OBJECTIVE: To measure the appropriateness of end-of-life care for children who died with neurological conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Based on linked routinely collected databases, we conducted a population-level decedent retrospective cohort study of children with neurological conditions who died in Belgium between 2010 and 2017. We measured a set of 22 face-validated quality indicators. The set concerns 12 indicators of potentially appropriate end-of-life care (eg, specialized comfort medication, physician contact, continuous care) and 10 indicators of potentially inappropriate end-of-life care (eg, diagnostic tests, phlebotomy)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between maternal or paternal age at the time of delivery and offspring's risk for cerebral palsy (CP) in California. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a population-based, case-control study that included 8,736 singleton CP cases and 90,250 singleton controls, matched by sex and birth year selected from California birth certificate records from 1994 to 2010. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CP diagnosis according to maternal and paternal age recorded on the birth certificates...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the amount of time spent in periodic breathing (PB) and its consequences in preterm infants before and after hospital discharge. METHODS: Preterm infants born between 28-32 weeks gestational age were studied during daytime sleep in the supine position at 32-36 weeks post menstrual age (PMA), 36-40 weeks PMA, 3 months and 6 months corrected age (CA). The percentage of total sleep time (TST) spent in PB (%TSTPB) was calculated and infants were grouped into below and above the median (8...

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of three different vitamin K birth prophylaxis regimens in premature infants. STUDY DESIGN: Open labelled, parallel group, randomized clinical trial.Tertiary neonatal care unit in India.Very preterm (≤ 32 weeks) and/or very low birth weight infants (≤1500g). In each arm, 25 babies were enrolled.Babies were randomised to receive 1.0mg,0.5mg or 0.3mg vitamin K1 I.M. (intramuscular) at birth. Protein induced by vitamin K absence - II (PIVKA-II) levels were assessed on day 5 and 28 along with the frequency of death, bleeding manifestations, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, bilirubin levels, and duration of phototherapy...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone on free bilirubin concentrations in term infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was performed with subjects serving as their own controls. Our inclusion criteria were term infants < 7 days old with sepsis and receiving IV antibiotics for > 3days and resolving hyperbilirubinemia with total serum bilirubin levels between 6 -12 mg/dL by day 4 of life. Bf concentrations were measured by the peroxidase method using a UB analyzer and a Zone Fluidics) device prior to (baseline) and 15 minutes after (follow-up) IV ceftriaxone administration on postnatal days 4 to 6...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the burden of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients evaluated by pediatric nephrology in a multidisciplinary survivorship clinic. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all patients followed by nephrology in our multidisciplinary survivorship clinic from 8/2013-6/2021. Data included clinic blood pressure (BP), longitudinal ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography, serum creatinine, and first-morning urine protein/creatinine ratios...

OBJECTIVES: To use modern analysis and reporting methods to present the full results of the first randomized trial of antenatal corticosteroids, performed 50 years ago. STUDY DESIGN: In this single centre trial, women at risk of preterm birth at 24 to less than 37 weeks' gestation were randomized to receive two doses of betamethasone or placebo, 24 hours apart. Women and their caregivers were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was respiratory distress syndrome...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic and treatment practices among a variety of subspecialists at pediatric institutions in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Using a web-based survey, we assessed the consultation, diagnostic and treatment preferences of providers from the different pediatric subspecialties who care for pediatric patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activating Syndrome (HLH/MAS). Domains included demographics, provider training level and specialty, experience and comfort level with the diagnosis and treatment of HLH/MAS and institutional approaches toward the diagnosis and management of HLH/MAS...