Journal of Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: t To evaluate the accuracy of detecting 16 year old male (N=465) and female (N=162) youths who subsequently manifest opioid use disorder (OUD) at 25 years of age. We hypothesized that the combined measures of two components of etiology, heritable risk and substance use, accurately detect youths who develop OUD. STUDY DESIGN: Heritable risk was measured by the transmissible liability index (TLI). Severity of the prodrome presaging OUD was quantified by the revised Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI-R) containing the consumption frequency index (CFI) documenting substance use events during the past month and the overall problem density (OPD) score indicating co-occurring biopsychosocial problems...

In a randomized study of infants born preterm (gestational age 28-34 6/7 weeks), we evaluated delayed cord clamping for 30 (n = 50) vs 60 (n = 55) seconds. The primary outcome of initial hematocrit differed by 2.8% (P = .006), being greater with 60 seconds. There were no differences in secondary outcomes and no adverse consequences between groups. These findings should serve as a stimulus to many centers that are reluctant to implement delayed cord clamping in this targeted larger premature population...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain possible risk factors for infant botulism, the intestinal infectious form of human botulism, in the years immediately following its initial recognition in California in 1976.. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of 159 California laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism from 1976-1983 and 318 healthy controls were interviewed using a comprehensive (>300 factors) questionnaire. "Neighborhood controls" (n=184) were matched on date of birth, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood of residence...

OBJECTIVE: To Measure the association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) use and out-of-hospital ventricular arrhythmia among pediatric and young adult population. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study using U.S. claims data 2007-2018. Cases were subjects with at least one event between ages 2-24 years. Controls (matched 10:1 on index date, age, sex, and continuous enrollment) had no events during study period. Independent association between current SSRI use (prescription fill with continuous exposure ending on, or after, the index date) and incident out-of-hospital ventricular arrhythmia (hospitalization or emergency room encounter with primary diagnostic code for ventricular arrhythmia) was estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the association of pre-pregnancy BMI with fetal macrosomia is mediated through maternal circulating lipids concentration during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective cohort, 3011 eligible pregnant women were enrolled. Information on demographic characteristics were collected using questionnaires, and anthropometrics and laboratory tests were undertaken at 24 weeks of gestation and before delivery. Macrosomia was defined as birthweight ≥4000 grams...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of specific Z-score categories of birth weight for gestational age (GA) with child health and neurodevelopment using a large nationwide survey in Japan, focusing on term infants. STUDY DESIGN: We included 36,321 children born in 2010. Hospitalization up to 66 months of age was used as an indicator of health status, and responses to questions about age-appropriate behaviors at 30 and 66 months of age were used to indicate neurobehavioral development...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the applicability of the 4Ts score and the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) Expert Probability (HEP) score in children with suspected HIT and to estimate the number of children potentially at risk of HIT. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively estimated 4Ts and HEP scores in a cohort of 50 children referred for laboratory screening with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In addition, minor modifications were introduced to the 4Ts score (modified 4Ts score) to adapt it for use in the pediatric setting...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants with birth defects in Japan. STUDY DESIGN: Data were collected prospectively for infants weighing <1,501 grams and born at <37 weeks of gestation admitted to centers of the Neonatal Research Network of Japan during 2003-2016. We compared outcomes of infants with and without birth defects using Pearson chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, log-rank test, nominal logistic regression analysis, and stratified analysis by birth defect subgroups...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and types of neural tube defects and the types of anomalies co-occurring with neural tube defects in six years before fortification of cereal grain flour with folic acid (1992-1998) and 20 years after fortification (1999-2018) in South Carolina, a state with a historically high prevalence of these birth defects. STUDY DESIGN: The prevalence of neural tube defects was determined by active and passive surveillance methods in South Carolina since 1992...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of agreement between AOBP, auscultated or manual office BP (MOBP) and 24 hour ABPM, and to explore the ability of AOBP and MOBP to correctly identify daytime ambulatory hypertension (HTN) in children. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively compared BPs obtained by AOBP and MOBP to predict daytime HTN on ABPM. Six BPs were taken by AOBP followed by MOBP. Office HTN was defined by BPs > 95th % for sex and height percentiles for those < 13 and >130/80 for ages > 13 years...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term costs and impact on quality of life of using prophylactic dextrose gel in subjects at increased risk of developing neonatal hypoglycemia. STUDY DESIGN: A cost-utility analysis was performed from the perspective of the health system, using a decision tree to model the long-term clinical outcomes of neonatal hypoglycemia, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, vision disturbances, and learning disabilities, in subjects at increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia who received prophylactic dextrose gel vs standard care...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of ophthalmologic examination as part of evaluation for infection in infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). STUDY DESIGN: This is a single-institution retrospective chart review of neonates diagnosed with symmetric IUGR or small for gestational age (SGA) who underwent complete ophthalmologic consultation to assess for intraocular findings suggestive of congenital infection. Data collected included other factors that may cause IUGR, findings of the general and ophthalmologic examination, and results of investigation for intrauterine infection...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To disentangle the pathways between parent technology use, parent-child interactions, child screen time, and child psychosocial difficulties among disadvantaged families in Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of 1,254 3-years-olds from the KeySteps@JC project reported on the number of hours their children used electronic devices every day and children's psychosocial behaviors using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. These parents also reported on their own digital device usage patterns, frequency of parent-child interactions and provided sociodemographic data...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize regional variation in the age of patients undergoing umbilical hernia repair to determine costs and subsequent care. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study using a large convenience sample of United States employer-based insurance claims from July 2012 to December 2015. We identified children under 18 years undergoing uncomplicated (not strangulated, incarcerated, or gangrenous) umbilical hernia repair as an isolated procedure (ICD-9 procedure code 53...