Journal of Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between detection of DNA viruses, ferritin, and outcomes in children with severe sepsis. STUDY DESIGN: We enrolled 75 pediatric patients with severe sepsis admitted to a tertiary care children's hospital. Plasma ferritin was measured within 48 hours of diagnosis and subsequently twice weekly. Herpes simplex type 1, human herpesvirus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and adenovirus DNAemia were assessed by polymerase chain reaction...

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To define mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and distinguish infants at risk of disability in the first 6 hours, this study stratified risk of disability by using early neurologic examination findings of infants enrolled in the Prospective Research for Infants with Mild Encephalopathy cohort. A total Sarnat score of ≥5 when performed at <6 hours of age detected future disability. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01747863.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between small for gestational age (SGA) at birth and educational performance on standardized testing and disability prevalence in elementary and middle school. STUDY DESIGN: Through linked birth certificates and school records, surviving infants born at 23-41 weeks of gestation who entered Florida's public schools 1998-2009 were identified. Twenty-three SGA definitions (3rd-25th percentile) were derived. Outcomes were scores on Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) and students' disability classification in grades 3 through 8...

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OBJECTIVES: To examine patient- and provider-level factors associated with receiving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication treatment in a community care setting. We hypothesized that the likelihood of ADHD medication receipt would be lower in groups with specific patient sociodemographic (eg, female sex, race other than white) and clinical (eg, comorbid conditions) characteristics as well as physician characteristics (eg, older age, more years since completing training)...

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OBJECTIVE: To conduct a scoping review of the literature to describe current conceptualization and measurement of socioeconomic status in pediatric health research. STUDY DESIGN: Four databases were used to identify relevant studies, followed by selection and data extraction. Inclusion criteria for studies were the following: enrolled subjects <18 years old, included a health-related outcome, published from 1999 to 2018, and explicitly measured socioeconomic status (SES)...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) volume and survival, and neuromotor and sensory disabilities at 2 years in very preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: The EPIPAGE-2 (Etude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Âges Gestationnels-2) national prospective population-based cohort study was used to include 2447 babies born alive in 66 level III hospitals between 24 and 30 completed weeks of gestation in 2011. The outcome was survival without disabilities (levels 2-5 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System for cerebral palsy with or without unilateral or bilateral blindness or deafness)...

We conducted a retrospective study of 166 ventilator-dependent neonates born extremely preterm in whom patent ductus arteriosus was surgically ligated and evaluated the association of preoperative characteristics and time-to-successful postoperative extubation. Larger patent ductus arteriosus diameter ([>2.5 mm], adjusted hazard ratio 0.51, 95% CI 0.36-0.72) and left-ventricular dilatation (z score ≥2, adjusted hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.87) were associated with earlier extubation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the "risk status" of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the gastrointestinal tract. STUDY DESIGN: Outcomes from 43 published cases of patients with LCH and gastrointestinal tract involvement were matched to 43 patients with LCH without gastrointestinal tract involvement cared for at our institution. Comparisons were made of the 5-year overall survival rates determined from Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the entire cohort of patients, as well as subgroups defined by lack of risk organ involvement and later era of treatment (to control for temporal changes in LCH treatment regimens)...

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