Journal of Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between bacteremia and vaccination status in children aged 2-36 months presenting to a pediatric emergency department. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of children aged 2-36 months with blood cultures obtained in the pediatric emergency department between January 2013 and December 2017. The exposure of interest was immunization status, defined as number of H. influenzae type B (Hib) and S. pneumoniae vaccinations, and the main outcome positive blood culture...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether full-term neonates with in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) require respiratory support in the delivery room, as indicated by the standardized Neonatal Resuscitation Program [NRP] algorithm, significantly more often than non-exposed neonates. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted data from medical records of full-term neonates with and without in utero SSRI exposure, defined as documentation of third trimester maternal SSRI treatment...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if antenatal variables affect the risk of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) among preterm infants when prophylactic indomethacin is used. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study of infants <29 weeks gestational age (GA) between January 2010 and June 2018 at one hospital. SIP was defined as acute abdominal distension and pneumoperitoneum without signs of necrotizing enterocolitis at <14 days of life. Each case (n=57) was matched with two controls (n= 114) for GA and birth year...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a citywide structured book-sharing program (NICU Bookworms) designed to promote reading to infants while admitted in the NICU would increase parental reading behaviors (≥3-4 days/week) in the NICU and after discharge home, including high-risk parents who do not themselves enjoy reading. STUDY DESIGN: The NICU Bookworms program comprised staff training, parent education, and building a literacy-rich environment. In this quasi-experimental intervention study, parents of medically high-risk NICU graduates <6 months of age were administered a questionnaire at their first NICU follow-up clinic visit...

OBJECTIVES: To determine predictors of more than one emergency department (ED) visit for a Kawasaki disease diagnosis in a quaternary care pediatric hospital and compare outcomes between patients with 1 versus > 1 visit for KD diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: Medical records of patients evaluated for KD between January 2006 and August 2018 at Boston Children's Hospital were abstracted for demographic and clinical data. Predictors of > 1 visit were explored using logistic regression and CART analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and associations between structural MRI (sMRI) injury/abnormality at term equivalent age and absent fidgety General Movements Assessment (GMA) and abnormal Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) scores among very preterm infants at 3-4 months corrected age. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective cohort study enrolled 392 infants born ≤32 weeks' gestation from five neonatal intensive care units in the greater Cincinnati area between September 2016 and October 2019...

OBJECTIVE: To examine white matter abnormalities, measured by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), in very preterm (<32 weeks) and moderate-late preterm neonates (32-37 weeks) at term-equivalent age, compared with healthy full-term controls (≥37 weeks). STUDY DESIGN: A search of Medline (Pubmed) was conducted to identify studies with diffusion data collected on very preterm, moderate-late preterm and full-term neonates, using the guidelines from the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements...

OBJECTIVE: To test feasibility of tele-clinic visits using parentally-acquired vital signs and focused echocardiographic (echo) images in patients with Marfan syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: We included patients with MFS 5-19 years old followed in our clinic. We excluded patients with MFS and history of prior aortic root (AoR) surgery, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, or AoR≥4.5 cm. We trained parents in-person to acquire focused echo images on their children using a hand-held device as well as how to use a stadiometer, scale, blood pressure (BP) machine, and a digital stethoscope...

OBJECTIVES: To use a large administrative database to determine the mortality, risk factors, and co-morbidities of esophageal variceal bleeding in children. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) data from 50 tertiary children's hospitals in the US. ICD codes from 2004 through 2019 identified children 18 years and younger with variceal bleeding and complications. Univariate analyses used the Student t-test for continuous variables (age) and chi-square test for categorical variables (all others)...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the general cognitive and psychosocial development in children and adolescents having a co-twin with Down syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: A case control study with an individually matched control group was conducted. Participants included families with twins discordant for Down syndrome as well as with typically developing twins. The group of unaffected co-twins aged four to 16 years was compared with a control group of typically developing twins in terms of general cognitive abilities, behavioral problems and prosocial behavior...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel predictive model using primarily clinical history factors and compare performance to the widely-used Rochester Low Risk (RLR) model. STUDY DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, we identified infants brought to one pediatric emergency department from January 2014-December 2016. We included infants aged 0-90 days, with temperature >38°C, and documented gestational age and illness duration. The primary outcome was bacterial infection...

OBJECTIVE: Current estimates of the incidence of tachyarrhythmias in infants rely on clinical documentation and may not reflect the true rate in the general population. Our aim was to describe the epidemiology of tachyarrhythmia detected in a large cohort of infants using direct-to-consumer heart rate monitoring. STUDY DESIGN: Data was collected from Owlet Smart Sock devices in the United States with birthdates between February 2017 and February 2019. We queried the heart rate data for episodes of tachyarrhythmia (HR ≥ 240bpm for > 60 seconds)...

OBJECTIVE: To compare in-hospital outcomes after umbilical cord milking versus delayed cord clamping among infants <29 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective study of infants born <29 weeks' gestation from 2016 to 2018 without congenital anomalies who received active treatment at delivery and were exposed to UCM or DCC. The primary outcome was mortality or severe (grade III or IV) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) by 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of a hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) severity score among children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections and HUS by stratifying them according to their risk of adverse events. The score has not been previously evaluated in a North American acute care setting. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed medical records of children <18 years old infected with STEC and treated in one of 38 participating EDs in North America between 2011 and 2015...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of moderate and late preterm birth (32-36 6/7 weeks) to long-term educational outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We hypothesized that moderate and late preterm birth would be associated with adverse outcomes in elementary school. To test this, we linked vital statistics-patient discharge data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development including birth outcomes, to the school year 2015-2016 administrative data of a large, urban school district (N = 72,316)...