Journal of Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of severe maternal morbidity among very preterm births and determine its association with very preterm infant mortality and morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: This study used New York City Vital Statistics birth and death records linked with maternal and newborn discharge abstract data for live births between 2010 and 2014. We included 6901 infants without congenital anomalies born between 240/7 and 326/7 weeks of gestation. Severe maternal morbidity was identified as life-threatening conditions or life-saving procedures...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence regarding the differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) between children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared with their healthy peers, based on data from longitudinal studies. STUDY DESIGN: We searched MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Library, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and Embase databases. Observational studies addressing the change of aBMD in children with CF and healthy children and adolescents were eligible...

OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in lung volumes, as measured by functional residual capacity (FRC), through to discharge in stable infants randomized to 2 weeks of extended continuous positive airway pressure CPAP (eCPAP) vs CPAP discontinuation (dCPAP). STUDY DESIGN: Infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestation requiring ≥24 hours of CPAP were randomized to 2 weeks of eCPAP vs dCPAP when meeting CPAP stability criteria. FRC was measured with the nitrogen washout technique...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of systemic corticosteroids administered to treat evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia on oxygen diffusion and ventilation efficiency. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of ventilated infants who received a 9-day course of dexamethasone in a tertiary neonatal unit. We calculated the transcutaneous oxygen saturation-to-fraction of inspired oxygen (Fi O2 ) ratio (SFR), the ventilation perfusion ratio (VA /Q), and the ventilation efficiency index (VEI) before, during, and after the course of corticosteroids...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease and disease prognosis among children with elevated gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)-ulcerative colitis (UC). STUDY DESIGN: Our longitudinal, population-based cohort comprised all children and young adults diagnosed with UC in the Canadian province of Manitoba between 2011 and 2018. Diagnosis of PSC was confirmed based on a combination of cholestatic biochemical markers and cholangiographic features...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with need for Child Protective Services (CPS) supervision at hospital discharge compared with those discharged without CPS supervision. STUDY DESIGN: For infants born at <27 weeks of gestation between 2006 and 2013, prospectively collected maternal and neonatal characteristics and 18- to 26-month corrected age follow-up data were analyzed. Bayley-III cognitive and language scores of infants with discharge CPS supervision were compared with infants without CPS supervision using regression analysis while adjusting for potentially confounding variables, including entering CPS after discharge from the hospital...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in surgical or autopsy intestinal tissue from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) of the small bowel. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, with NEC (Bell stage ≥2B) or SIP from 2000 to 2016. Paraffin-embedded surgical or autopsy intestinal tissues were examined for CMV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and clinical characteristics of CMV-positive vs CMV-negative cases were compared...

OBJECTIVES: To study the change in body mass index (BMI) from childhood and adolescence and development of obesity into adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a longitudinal study of 480 individuals (49% male; 67% white) with height and weight measures in childhood (mean age 7 years), repeated in adolescence (mean age 16 years) and adulthood (mean age 39 years). Weight status in childhood was defined as low normal weight (0-<50 BMI percentile); high normal weight (50-<85 BMI percentile); overweight (85-<95 BMI percentile); obese (≥95 BMI percentile)...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes for children born preterm. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study, information on children born in Western Australia between 1983 and 2010 was obtained through linkage to population databases on births, deaths, and disabilities. For the purpose of this study, disability was defined as a diagnosis of intellectual disability, autism, or cerebral palsy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the probability of disability-free survival up to age 25 years by gestational age...

OBJECTIVE: To compare Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Fifth Edition (Child SCAT5) performance between uninjured children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and precisely matched controls without ADHD. STUDY DESIGN: A nested case-control study was conducted within a cohort of middle school athletes (age 11-12 years) who completed preseason testing. Students with ADHD were individually matched to students without ADHD based on age, sex, language spoken at home, number of prior concussions, sport, and school they attended...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the rate and risk factors of deep neck space involvement of Kawasaki disease. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective analysis using the Kids' Inpatient Database from 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2016. Kawasaki disease and deep neck space involvement cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes among children aged <12 years. Demographic and outcome data of Kawasaki disease cases with and without deep neck space involvement were compared...

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcome of population-based newborn screening for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) during the first year of screening in Illinois. STUDY DESIGN: Tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S) activity in dried blood spot specimens obtained from 162 000 infant samples sent to the Newborn Screening Laboratory of the Illinois Department of Public Health in Chicago. RESULTS: One case of MPS II and 14 infants with pseudodeficiency for I2S were identified...

OBJECTIVE: To clarify clinical and genetic features of Japanese children with congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD). STUDY DESIGN: This was a multi-institutional, retrospective survey of 616 pediatric centers in Japan with identified patients with CCD between 2014 and 2018. Mutations involving SLC26A3 were detected by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Thirteen patients met all entry criteria including mutations in SLC26A3, and 14 patients satisfied clinical diagnostic criteria...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

We evaluated bone quality among South African children with HIV over a 2-year period by quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Children with HIV have persistently lower bone quality compared with controls reflecting increased porosity, reduced strength, and possibly an increased short- and long-term risk of fracture.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate salivary biomarkers that elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which in utero opioid exposure exerts sex-specific effects on select hypothalamic and reward genes driving hyperphagia, a hallmark symptom of infants suffering from neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively collected saliva from 50 newborns born at ≥34 weeks of gestational age with prenatal opioid exposure and 50 sex- and gestational age-matched infants without exposure...