Journal of Pediatrics

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the day-night activity patterns of children after major surgery and describe differences in children's activity patterns between the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and inpatient floor setting. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective observational study, we characterized the daytime activity ratio estimate (DARE; ratio between mean daytime activity [08:00-20:00] and mean 24-hour activity [00:00-24:00]) for children admitted to the hospital after major surgery...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficacy of a Food and Drug Administration-approved pathogen-reduced platelet (PLT) product in children, as ongoing questions regarding their use in this population remain. STUDY DESIGN: We report findings from a quality assurance review of PLT utilization, associated red blood cell transfusion trends, and short-term safety of conventional vs pathogen-reduced PLTs over a 21-month period while transitioning from conventional to pathogen-reduced PLTs at a large, tertiary care hospital...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether level of prematurity (very, moderate, late preterm, vs full term) is associated with physical activity from childhood to adolescence and to identify factors in childhood that predict moderate-vigorous physical activity in early adolescence. STUDY DESIGN: Parents reported on physical activity at the age 5, 7, and 11 years (n = 12 222-14 639) and adolescents self-reported on moderate-vigorous physical activity at 14 years (n = 10 974)...

OBJECTIVE: To compare cerebral activity and oxygenation in preterm infants (<32 weeks of gestation) randomized to different cord clamping strategies. STUDY DESIGN: Preterm infants born at <32 weeks of gestation were randomized to immediate cord clamping, umbilical cord milking (cord stripped 3 times), or delayed cord clamping for 60 seconds with bedside resuscitation. All infants underwent electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral near infrared spectroscopy for the first 72 hours after birth...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prenatal social support was associated with infant adiposity in the first 18 months of life in a low-income, Hispanic sample, known to be at high risk of early child obesity. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a longitudinal analysis of 262 low-income, Hispanic mother-infant pairs in the control group of the Starting Early child obesity prevention trial. Prenatal social support was measured using an item from the Maternal Social Support Index...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze language skills in children born at 24-34 weeks of gestation at 2 years of corrected age and the association between language and other developmental domains. STUDY DESIGN: We included 2424 children (64% of the eligible population) from the French population-based EPIPAGE 2 cohort study. At 2 years' corrected age, children were screened with the French short version of the MacArthur-Bates Communication Developmental Inventories and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire completed by parents...

OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors for complications in children with Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) bacteremia, including methicillin resistance. STUDY DESIGN: Single center, retrospective cohort study of children ≤18 years of age hospitalized with S aureus bacteremia. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between those with methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Multivariate regression models identified risk factors associated with developing complications and with longer duration of bacteremia...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Although recommended, most children are not routinely screened for lipid abnormalities and diabetes. We report a pilot of universal screening for diabetes, lipid abnormalities, and hypertension in the middle-school setting. Of 45 children screened, 34.8% had lipid or hemoglobin A1c abnormalities and 2 had hemoglobin A1c values in the diabetes range.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the longitudinal relationship between physical activity and fatigue and depression among youth with demyelinating conditions. STUDY DESIGN: From September 2013 to March 2017, we performed a longitudinal study of consecutive youth diagnosed at their first visit with pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) or monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (mono-ADS) at a neuroinflammatory disorders clinic in a tertiary children's hospital. Fatigue was determined at each visit by the Pediatric Quality of Life Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, depressive symptoms by the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Children Rating Scale, and physical activity level by the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of early and late intervention for posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation on additional brain injury and ventricular volume using term-equivalent age-MRI. STUDY DESIGN: In the Early vs Late Ventricular Intervention Study (ELVIS) trial, 126 preterm infants ≤34 weeks of gestation with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation were randomized to low-threshold (ventricular index >p97 and anterior horn width >6 mm) or high-threshold (ventricular index >p97 + 4 mm and anterior horn width >10 mm) groups...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate patient factors predictive of gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) normalization following ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy in children with primary sclerosing cholangitis. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed patient records at 46 centers. We included patients with a baseline serum GGT level ≥50 IU/L at diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis who initiated UDCA therapy within 1 month and continued therapy for at least 1 year...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether maternal choline decreases effects of mothers' infections on fetal brain circuit development and on expression of infant behavior at 1 year of age. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a public hospital obstetrics and midwifery service, with prenatal assessments of maternal infection, C-reactive protein, and choline level and postnatal assessments of cerebral neuronal inhibition in 162 newborns. At 1 year, 136 parents completed reports of their child's behavior...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence for increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children exposed to preeclampsia in utero. STUDY DESIGN: PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE electronic databases were searched with an end of search date of June 4, 2018. Prospective and retrospective studies that compared CVD risk factors in those exposed to preeclampsia in utero with controls were eligible...

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess whether the infant psychosocial environment was associated with cardiometabolic risk as early as adolescence. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were recruited in Santiago, Chile, and have been followed from infancy. Inclusion criteria included healthy infants with birth weight ≥3 kg and a stable caregiver. The psychosocial environment, including depressive symptoms, stressful life events, poor support for child development, father absence, and socioeconomic status, was reported by mothers at 6-12 months...

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether preeclampsia was associated with expiratory airflow at school-age in children born either extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g birth weight). STUDY DESIGN: Participants comprised 3 cohorts of children born extremely preterm/ELBW in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 1991-1992, 1997, or 2005. Expiratory airflows were measured at age 8 years, and results converted to z scores...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the first year after cancer diagnosis in children and to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects on renal function and proteinuria. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records was done on children who were diagnosed and treated for cancer at Seoul National University Hospital between 2004 and 2013. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria...

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether better baseline pulmonary hemodynamics or positive acute vasoreactivity testing (AVT) during cardiac catheterization are associated with improved outcomes in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective, single-center study included 26 premature neonates with BPD who underwent catheterization to evaluate PH. AVT was assessed with exposure to 100% fractional inspired oxygen with or without inhaled nitric oxide...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and incidence of central precocious puberty in Korea using claims data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea as the population-based epidemiologic study. STUDY DESIGN: In this national registry-based, longitudinal, epidemiologic study, patients who were registered with an International Classifications of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis of central precocious puberty (E22.8 according to International Classifications of Diseases, Tenth Revision) and treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist were included...