Journal of Nuclear Medicine

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We evaluated whether the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT can adequately answer patient questions related to [18 F]FDG PET/CT in common clinical indications before and after scanning. Methods: Thirteen questions regarding [18 F]FDG PET/CT were submitted to ChatGPT. ChatGPT was also asked to explain 6 PET/CT reports (lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma) and answer 6 follow-up questions (e.g., on tumor stage or recommended treatment). To be rated "useful" or "appropriate," a response had to be adequate by the standards of the nuclear medicine staff...

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The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitor [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 has been previously demonstrated to be noninferior to docetaxel in achieving a biochemical response in chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Here, we report the final analysis of overall survival (OS) for a phase 2 randomized, controlled trial. Methods: Forty chemotherapy-naïve, PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients were randomly assigned to [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 ( n = 20) or docetaxel ( n = 20)...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Since the development of fibroblast activation protein-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, 68 Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT has been found to be suitable for detecting primary and metastatic lesions in many types of tumors. However, there is currently a lack of reliable data regarding the clinical impact of this family of probes. To address this gap, the present study aimed to analyze the clinical impact of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT by examining a large cohort of patients with various tumors. Methods: In total, 226 patients (137 male and 89 female) were included in this retrospective analysis...

Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of end-of-treatment prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT (PSMA-PET) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with 177 Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (PSMA-RLT). Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. mCRPC patients who underwent PSMA-RLT with available baseline PSMA-PET (bPET) and end-of-treatment PSMA-PET (ePET) within 6 mo of the last PSMA-RLT cycle were eligible. Overall survival (OS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression status at the time of ePET (by Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 criteria) were collected...

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The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving consecutive cycles of 177 Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) using the reliable and validated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire. In addition, differences in HRQoL between patients with early discontinuation of treatment because of disease progression and patients who were defined as eligible for treatment continuation were analyzed...

PET/CT with 6-18 F-fluoro-l-dopa (18 F-FDOPA) has high diagnostic performance for midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We explored the prognostic role of 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT uptake in metastatic midgut NETs. Methods: We included, in a test cohort ( n = 166) and a full external validation cohort ( n = 86), all consecutive patients with metastatic midgut NETs who underwent 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT in 5 expert centers from 2010 to 2021. We measured the maximal uptake (SUVmax and SUVpeak ) of the tumor and nontumor liver on each 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT scan...

The aim of this study was to analyze the absorbed dose of 177 Lu-PSMA in osseous versus lymphatic metastases in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer across therapy cycles and to relate those data to therapeutic success. In addition, pretherapeutic prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT was evaluated for its ability to predict response behavior. Methods: The study comprised 30 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, each receiving at least 3 cycles of 177 Lu-PSMA therapy...

203 Pb is a surrogate imaging match for 212 Pb. This elementally matched pair is emerging as a suitable pair for imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in cancer care. Because of the half-life (51.9 h) and low-energy γ-rays emitted, 203 Pb is suitable for the development of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this work was to optimize the production and separation of high-specific-activity 203 Pb using electroplated thallium targets. We further investigated the radiochemistry optimization using a suitable chelator, tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A), and targeting vector, VMT-α-NET (lead-specific chelator conjugated to tyr3-octreotide via a polyethylene glycol linker)...

Tissue perfusion can be affected by physiology or disease. With the advent of total-body PET, quantitative measurement of perfusion across the entire body is possible. [11 C]-butanol is a perfusion tracer with a superior extraction fraction compared with [15 O]-water and [13 N]-ammonia. To develop the methodology for total-body perfusion imaging, a pilot study using [11 C]-butanol on the uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT scanner was conducted. Methods: Eight participants (6 healthy volunteers and 2 patients with peripheral vascular disease [PVD]) were injected with a bolus of [11 C]-butanol and underwent 30-min dynamic acquisitions...

The preoperative Gleason grade group (GG) from transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is crucial for treatment decisions but may underestimate the postoperative GG and miss clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), particularly in patients with biopsy GG1. In such patients, an SUVmax of at least 12 has 100% specificity for detecting csPCa. In patients with an SUVmax of less than 12, we aimed to develop a model to improve the diagnostic accuracy of csPCa. Methods: The study retrospectively included 56 prostate cancer patients with transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy GG1 and an SUVmax of less than 12 from 2 tertiary hospitals...

Molecular markers are of increasing importance for classifying, treating, and determining the prognosis for central nervous system tumors. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a critical regulator of glucose and amino acid metabolism. Our objective was to investigate metabolic reprogramming of glioma using compartmental uptake (CU) characteristics in O -(2-18 F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET) PET and to evaluate its diagnostic potential for IDH genotyping. Methods: Between 2017 and 2022, patients with confirmed glioma were preoperatively investigated using static 18 F-FET PET...

A single-institution prospective pilot clinical trial was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of combining [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of oligometastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Methods: Six patients with 9 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive oligometastases received 2 cycles of [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RPT followed by SBRT. After the first intravenous infusion of [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (7.46 ± 0...

Upregulation of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in neovasculature has been described in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), whereas vasculature in nonaffected brain shows hardly any expression of PSMA. It is unclear whether PSMA-targeting tracer uptake on PET is based on PSMA-specific binding to neovasculature or aspecific uptake in tumor. Here, we quantified uptake of various PSMA-targeting tracers in GBM and correlated this with PSMA expression in tumor biopsy samples from the same patients. Methods: Fourteen patients diagnosed with de novo ( n = 8) or recurrent ( n = 6) GBM underwent a preoperative PET scan after injection of 1...

Predictive biomarkers of response to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapy are essential to inform treatment decisions. The TBCRC026 trial reported that early declines in tumor SUVs corrected for lean body mass (SULmax ) on 18 F-FDG PET/CT predicted a pathologic complete response (pCR) to HER2 therapy with neoadjuvant trastuzumab and pertuzumab (HP) without chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer. We hypothesized that 18 F-FDG PET/CT SULmax parameters would predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS)...