Journal of Nuclear Medicine

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of prostate bed (PB) recurrence in prostate cancer patients experiencing PSA persistence (BCP) or biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy using 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (PSMA PET) and evaluate the relationship between the RTOG clinical target volumes (CTVs) and PSMA PET-defined recurrence topography. Methods: Patients with BCP or BCR post radical prostatectomy and PB recurrence on PSMA PET were retrospectively included in the analysis. Two nuclear medicine physicians and 4 radiation oncologists manually delineated the PB recurrence and the CTV using the RTOG contouring guidelines on the PSMA PET/CT, respectively, blinded from each other...

Introduction: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-theranostic has been introduced with Gallium-68 and Lutetium-177, the currently most used radionuclides. However, Rhenium-188 is a well-known generator based therapeutic nuclide completing a theranostic tandem with Technetium-99m and may offer an interesting alternative to the current state of the art. In the present work, we aimed towards the development of a PSMA-targeted 99m Tc-/188 Re-theranostic tandem. Methods: The ligand HYNIC-iPSMA was chosen as lead structure...

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Radiolabeled antibody treatment with 131 I-omburtamab, administered intraventricularly into the CSF space, can deliver therapeutic absorbed doses to sites of leptomeningeal disease. Assessment of distribution and radiation dosimetry is a key element in optimizing such treatments. Using a theranostic approach, we performed pre-treatment 131 I-omburtamab imaging and dosimetric analysis in patients prior to therapy. Methods: Whole-body planar images were acquired at 3±1 h, 23±2 h, and 47±2 h after intracranioventricular administration of 75±5 MBq of 131 I-omburtamab via an Ommaya reservoir...

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Alpha-particle emitters have recently been explored as valuable therapeutic radionuclides. Yet, toxicity to healthy organs and cancer radioresistance limit the efficacy of targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT). Identification of the radiation-activated mechanisms, which drive cancer cell survival, provides opportunities to develop new points for therapeutic interference to improve efficacy and safety of TAT. Methods: Quantitative phosphoproteomics and matching proteomics followed by the bioinformatics analysis were employed to identify alterations in the signaling networks in response to TAT with actinium-225 labeled minigastrin analogue 225 Ac-PP-F11N in A431 cells, which overexpress cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR)...

The impact of chemotherapy on brain functionality has been widely investigated from a clinical perspective and there is a consensus on a significant impairment of multiple cognitive domains affecting cancer patients after treatment. Nuclear medicine offers a variety of biomarkers for the evaluation of possible effects of chemotherapy on the brain and for depicting brain changes after chemotherapy treatment. This review aims to summarize the most relevant findings on brain imaging in patients treated with chemotherapy for the most common oncological diseases...

Salvage elective nodal radiotherapy (sENRT) is a treatment option for biochemical persistent or recurrent patients with lymph node metastases (LN) after prostatectomy. Possible ENRT templates were proposed by the RTOG (2009), the PIVOTAL trialists (2015) and the NRG Oncology Group (2021). The goal of this study was to analyze the distribution of PSMA-PET/CT-positive LN and to compare the templates with regard to their LN coverage. Methods: We analyzed PSMA-PET/CT scans of 105 patients with PET-positive LN treated with sENRT from 2014 to 2019...

Introduction: We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 124 I-mIBG dosimetry guided high-activity 131 I-mIBG therapy of advanced pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma. Methods: Fourteen patients with advanced pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma, age 9 to 69 years, underwent 124 I-mIBG PET scans and whole-body retention measurements to assess the whole-body dose as a surrogate of bone marrow toxicity and tumor (absorbed) dose per unit of administered activity. Dosimetry results together with individual patient characteristics were combined to guide a single therapeutic activity to achieve a high tumor dose without exceeding toxicity threshold...

Invariably fatal and with a particularly fast progression, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is currently devoid of curative treatment option. Routine clinical diagnosis relies on breathing tests and visualizing the changes in lung structure by computed tomography (CT), but anatomical information is often not sufficient to identify early signs of progressive PF. For more efficient diagnosis, additional imaging techniques were investigated in combination with CT, such as 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), although with limited success due to lack of disease specificity...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Rationale: The present study set out to investigate if PET imaging can be used as a potential substitute for immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples in prostate cancer (PC) patients. Correlation between imaging signals of two PET tracers and the corresponding target structures was assessed. The first tracer was [68 Ga]Ga-PSMAHBED-CC([68 Ga]PSMA), which is already implemented in clinical routine. The second tracer was [18 F]-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone([18 F]FDHT) which binds to the androgen receptor (AR)...

Electronic cigarette (EC) use has increased dramatically, particularly among adolescents and young adults, which, like cigarette use, can cause pulmonary inflammation and increase the risk of lung disease. Methods: This preliminary study used positron emission tomography with 18 F-6-(1/2)(2-fluoro-propyl)-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (18 F-NOS) to quantify inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression to characterize oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs in vivo in three age- and sex-matched groups: (1) 5 EC users, (2) 5 cigarette smokers, and (3) 5 never smoke/vape controls...

Radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs) with Lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands have demonstrated promising results for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The lack of absorbed dose and effect relationships currently prevents from patient-specific activity personalization. To ease the implementation of dosimetry in routine clinic workflow of RPT, simplified methods such as single time point (STP) instead of multiple time point (MTP) imaging protocols are required...

PET/CT imaging was performed in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with the new 68 Ga-labeled minigastrin analog DOTA-DGlu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-1-Nal-NH2 (68 Ga-DOTA-MGS5) to evaluate the cholecystokinin-2 receptor expression status. Methods: Six patients with advanced MTC underwent PET/CT imaging with 68 Ga-DOTA-MGS5. From the images acquired one and two hours post injection (p.i.) preliminary data on the biodistribution and tumor targeting properties were evaluated in a retrospective analysis...

The field of radionuclide therapy (RNT) for prostate cancer (PC) is growing rapidly with recent FDA approval of the first Lutetium-177-PSMA-ligand. Current patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures were designed to assess impacts of chemotherapy or surgery. We aimed to develop the first PRO measure for PC patients receiving RNT. Methods: First, we identified relevant symptoms/toxicities by reviewing published trials and interviews with PC patients receiving RNT ( n = 29), caregivers ( n = 14), and clinicians ( n = 11)...

Rationale: Monitoring therapy response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ([m]CRPC) treated with novel hormonal therapies, taxanes and newly approved therapies is crucial for optimizing treatment. [68 Ga]Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) is a promising target for managing treatment in patients with prostate cancer. PSMA is overexpressed in patients with mCRPC; understanding how expression might change in patients undergoing treatment could determine its potential for guiding clinical decisions...

Subjects with asymptomatic moderate-severe or severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR) are closely observed for signs of progression or symptoms requiring surgical intervention. The role of myocardial metabolic function in progression of MR is poorly understood. We used 11 C-acetate positron emission tomography (PET) to non-invasively measure myocardial external efficiency (MEE), which is the energetic ratio of external cardiac work and left ventricular oxygen consumption. Methods and Results: 47 patients in surveillance with MR and no or minimal symptoms prospectively underwent PET, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) on the same day...