Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Background: In a previous Child Health and Development Studies report, p, p'-DDT was associated with a fivefold increased risk of premenopausal (before age 50 years) breast cancer for women first exposed before puberty. Here we extend our observation to breast cancer diagnosed during early postmenopause (ages 50-54 years) to determine whether age at diagnosis modifies the interaction of DDT with age at exposure. Methods: We conducted a second prospective, nested case-control study in the Child Health and Development Studies (153 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 50-54 years and 432 controls matched to cases on birth year)...

Background: The vast majority of women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergo treatment. Therefore, the risks of invasive progression and competing death in the absence of locoregional therapy are uncertain. Methods: We performed survival analyses of patient-level data from DCIS patients who did not receive definitive surgery or radiation therapy as recorded in the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1992-2014)...

Background: Neomorphic IDH1 mutations disrupt the redox balance by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the mechanism by which IDH1-mutant cells maintain ROS homeostasis remains elusive. It is also not known whether reprogrammed ROS homeostasis establishes targetable vulnerability in IDH1-mutated cancers. Methods: We investigated ROS homeostasis in wild-type (GSC827, GSC923, GSC627, and GSC711) and IDH1-mutated cells (IDH1R132C- and IDH1R132H-transduced U87, U251; MGG152, and TS603 cells)...

Background: Recent studies have called into question the long-held belief that hysterectomy without oophorectomy protects against ovarian cancer. This population-based longitudinal record-linkage study aimed to explore this relationship, overall and by age at hysterectomy, time period, surgery type, and indication for hysterectomy. Methods: We followed the female adult Western Australian population (837,942 women) across a 27-year period using linked electoral, hospital, births, deaths, and cancer records...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a revolutionary new form of immunotherapy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The two primary toxicities associated with CAR T-cell therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity (NT). CRS is generally self-limited but high-grade toxicities like hypotension and hypoxemia can be managed with agents that block the effects of IL-6, like tocilizumab, and/or corticosteroids. While CAR-T cell therapy-associated NT is a well-described clinical phenomenon, its pathophysiology remains inadequately understood; treatments and preventive strategies remain elusive...

Background: Adverse effects from childhood leukemia treatment may persist or present years after cure from cancer. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of subsequent hospitalization in five-year survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Methods: In the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study we identified 4,003 five-year survivors diagnosed with childhood leukemia 1970-2008 in Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, and Finland...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: Genetic testing to determine BRCA status has been available for over two decades, but there are few population-based studies of test diffusion. We report ten-year trends in BRCA testing in an integrated health care system with longstanding access to genetic services. Methods: A cohort of women aged 18 years and older was created to ascertain BRCA testing (n = 295,087). Annual testing rates between 2005 and 2015 were calculated in all women with and without incident (i...

The growth in the number of cancer survivors in the face of projected health-care workforce shortages will challenge the US health-care system in delivering follow-up care. New methods of delivering follow-up care are needed that address the ongoing needs of survivors without overwhelming already overflowing oncology clinics or shuttling all follow-up patients to primary care providers. One potential solution, proposed for over a decade, lies in adopting a personalized approach to care in which survivors are triaged or risk-stratified to distinct care pathways based on the complexity of their needs and the types of providers their care requires...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Advances in early detection, treatment, and supportive care have resulted in an estimated 16 million cancer survivors who are alive in the United States today. Outcomes have notably improved for children with cancer as well as young adults with hematologic malignancies due, in part, to the intensification of cancer treatment, including the use of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Emerging evidence suggests that these cancer survivors are at risk for premature aging, manifesting as early onset of chronic health conditions and a higher risk of mortality compared with the general population...

Background: Oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma (OPSC) continues to increase in incidence secondary to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the good overall prognosis for these patients, treatment with chemoradiation is associated with morbidity and treatment failure. Better predictors for disease outcome are needed to guide de-intensification regimens. We hypothesized that estrogen receptor α (ERα), a prognostic biomarker in oncology with therapeutic implications, might have similar utility in OPSC...

Background: Data are limited regarding the risk of heart failure (HF) requiring hospital-based care after early stage breast cancer (EBC) and its relationship to other types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of EBC patients (diagnosed April 1, 2005-March 31, 2015) matched 1:3 on birth-year to cancer-free control subjects. We identified hospitalizations and emergency department visits for CVD through March 31, 2017...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Although recent scientific advances have improved our understanding of basic biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), few interventions are available to prevent or treat CIPN. While some biological targets from preclinical studies show promise in non-human animal models, few targets have been translated to successful clinical trials. To address this problem, the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Symptom Management and Health-Related Quality of Life Steering Committee convened a meeting of experts in the CIPN and oncology symptom management fields to participate in a Clinical Trials Planning Meeting (CTPM)...

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) reported substantial reduction in lung cancer mortality among high-risk individuals screened annually with low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT). As a result, the US Preventive Services Task Force issued a B recommendation for annual LDCT in high-risk individuals, which requires private insurers to cover it without cost-sharing. The Medicare program also covers LDCT for high-risk beneficiaries without cost-sharing. However, the NLST findings may not be generalizable to the community setting because of differences in patients, providers, and practices participating in the NLST...

Background: Previous studies of hereditary retinoblastoma survivors have reported elevated mortality, particularly for sarcomas, compared with the general population. However, cause-specific mortality patterns for long-term hereditary and nonhereditary retinoblastoma survivors are poorly understood. Methods: Among 2053 retinoblastoma patients diagnosed during 1914-2006 at two major US treatment centers and followed to 2016, we estimated cumulative mortality, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and absolute excess risks (AERs) compared with the US general population...