Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: Screen media activity (SMA) consumes considerable time in youth's lives, raising concerns about the effects it may have on youth development. Disentangling mixed associations between youth's SMA and developmental measures should move beyond overall screen time and consider types and patterns of SMA. We aimed to identify reliable and generalizable SMA patterns among youth and examine their associations with behavioral developmental measures and developing brain functional connectivity...

OBJECTIVE: Trauma exposure in childhood is common and can lead to a range of negative mental health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In many settings, resources to address this distress are scarce. Group-based interventions require minimal resources and training, can be delivered by non-mental health specialists, and target larger numbers of young people. Our meta-analysis sought to establish whether such an approach is an effective method for targeting PTSD symptoms, and to identify potential moderators of effectiveness...

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OBJECTIVE: Disruption of reward seeking behavior by unforeseen obstacles can promote negative affect, including frustration and irritability, in adolescents. Repeated experiences of obstructed reward may in fact contribute to the development of depression in adolescents. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms whereby goal disruption impacts reward processing in adolescent depression have not yet been characterized. The present study addresses this gap using neuroimaging and a novel paradigm to assess how incidental action obstruction impacts reward-based decision-making...

OBJECTIVE: Although used frequently, prospective data comparing serotonin/dopamine antagonists/partial agonists (SDAs) in youth regarding prolactin levels and sexual adverse effects (SeAEs) are scarce. METHOD: Youth aged 4-17 years, SDA-naïve (≤1 week exposure) or SDA-free for ≥4 weeks were followed for ≤12 weeks on clinician's-choice aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone. Serum prolactin levels, SDA plasma levels and rating scale-based SeAEs were assessed monthly...

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OBJECTIVE: We evaluate mid-intervention (8-weeks) and short-term (16-weeks) impact of a culturally-adapted multiple family group (MFG) intervention, 'Amaka Amasanyufu', on mental health of children with Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) and primary caregivers in Uganda. METHODS: We analyzed data from the SMART Africa-Uganda study. Schools were randomized to: 1) Control group; 2) MFG facilitated by parent peers (MFG-PP); or 3) MFG facilitated by community health workers (MFG:CHW)...

OBJECTIVE: Examine the developmental pathways through which the Family Bereavement Program (FBP) reduces major depression and generalized anxiety disorders 15 years later. METHOD: A randomized trial of the FBP included five assessments, at pre-test, post-test (98% retention), and follow-ups at 11-months (90% retention), six (89% retention) - and fifteen (80% retention) years following the program. Participants include 244 children (from 156 families) ages 8 - 16 randomly assigned to the FBP (135 children, 90 families), a 12-session program that included a caregiver component and a child/adolescent component or a literature comparison condition (109 children, 66 families)...

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OBJECTIVE: The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which atypical neural responsiveness during retaliation is associated with observed aggression in youth in residential care. METHOD: This functional magnetic resonance imaging study involved 83 adolescents (56/27 males/females; mean age =16.18 years) in residential care performing a retaliation task. 42 of the 83 adolescents displayed aggressive behavior within the first three months of residential care, while 41 did not...

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if an internet-delivered parent training program is noninferior to its group-delivered counterpart in reducing child disruptive behavior problems (DBP). METHOD: This noninferiority randomized clinical trial enrolled families seeking treatment in primary care in Stockholm, Sweden, for DBP in a child 3-11 years. Participants were randomized to internet-delivered (iComet) or group-delivered parent training (gComet). The primary outcome was parent-rated DBP...

OBJECTIVE: Irritability is a transdiagnostic indicator of child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems that is measurable from early life. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the strength of the association between irritability measured from 0-5 years and later internalizing and externalizing problems, to identify mediators and moderators of these relationships, and to explore whether the strength of the association varied according to irritability operationalisation...

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