Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Millions of people are exposed to landscape fire smoke (LFS) globally and inhalation of LFS particulate matter is associated with poor respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. However, how LFS affects respiratory and cardiovascular function is less well understood. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the pathophysiological effects of representative LFS airway exposure on respiratory and cardiac function and on asthma outcomes. METHODS: LFS was generated using a customized combustion chamber...

BACKGROUND: Cyclophilins are ubiquitous panallergens whose epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical relevance is largely unknown and whose sensitization is rarely examined in routine allergy practice. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical relevance of cyclophilins in seasonal allergic rhinitis and its comorbidities. METHODS: We examined a random sample of 253 (25%) of 1263 Italian children with seasonal allergic rhinitis from the Panallergens in Pediatrics (PAN-PED) cohort with characterized disease phenotypes...

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination can affect the regulation of the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the autoimmune adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccination remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the autoimmune AEs after COVID-19 vaccination from a population-based cohort in South Korea. METHODS: A total of 4,203,887 participants, representing 50% of the population residing in Seoul, were recruited from the National Health Insurance Service database and then divided into 2 groups on the basis of COVID-19 vaccination...

BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes on chromosome 17q12-q21 are associated with childhood-onset asthma and rhinovirus-induced wheezing. There is little mechanistic data linking chromosome 17q12-q21 to wheezing illness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 17q12-q21 risk alleles may be associated with impaired interferon (IFN) responses to rhinovirus. METHODS: In a population-based birth cohort of European ancestry, we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with rhinovirus-A1 (RV-A1) and rhinovirus-A16 (RV-A16) and measured IFN and IFN-induced chemokine CXCL10/IP10 responses in supernatants...

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa, often accompanied by olfactory dysfunction. Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) is a subtype of CRS characterized by eosinophilic infiltration. Animal models for ECRSwNP with olfactory dysfunction are necessary for exploring potential therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of ECRSwNP combined with olfactory dysfunction in a shorter timeframe using intranasal ovalbumin (OVA) and Aspergillus protease (AP) administration...

BACKGROUND: Angioedema due to acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency is a very rare but serious disease, with an estimated prevalence of 1 per 500,000 persons. There are no approved therapies to treat or prevent angioedema swellings in patients with this condition. Deucrictibant is a specific, orally bioavailable, competitive antagonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor currently under investigation for hereditary angioedema. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of deucrictibant as acute and prophylactic treatment for angioedema due to acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency...

BACKGROUND: Novel biomarkers (BMs) are urgently needed for bronchial asthma (BA) with various phenotypes and endotypes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify novel BMs reflecting tissue pathology from serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS: We performed data-independent acquisition of serum EVs from 4 healthy controls, 4 noneosinophilic asthma (NEA) patients, and 4 eosinophilic asthma (EA) patients to identify novel BMs for BA. We confirmed EA-specific BMs via data-independent acquisition validation in 61 BA patients and 23 controls...

Various immune cells in the skin contribute to its function as a first line of defence against infection/disease, while its dense innervation by pain-sensing sensory neurons protects the host from injury/damage signals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that link the innate immune response to the adaptive response by capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to promote T-cell differentiation and activation. DCs are abundant across peripheral tissues, including the skin, where they are found in the dermis and epidermis...

BACKGROUND: MUPPITS-2 was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that demonstrated mepolizumab (anti-interleukin-5) reduced exacerbations and blood and airway eosinophils in urban children with severe eosinophilic asthma. Despite this reduction in eosinophilia, exacerbation risk persisted in certain patients treated with mepolizumab. This raises the possibility that subpopulations of airway eosinophils exist that contribute to breakthrough exacerbations. OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of mepolizumab on airway eosinophils in childhood asthma...

BACKGROUND: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inborn error of immunity that renders boys susceptible to life-threatening infections due to loss of mature B cells and circulating immunoglobulins. It is caused by defects in the gene encoding the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) that mediates the maturation of B cells in the bone marrow and their activation in the periphery. Here we report on a gene editing protocol to achieve "knock-in" of a therapeutic BTK cassette in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as a treatment for XLA...

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BACKGROUND: The respiratory microbiome has been associated with the etiology and disease course of asthma. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the nasopharyngeal microbiota in children with a severe asthma exacerbation and their associations with medication, air quality and viral infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among children aged 2-18 years admitted to the medium (MCU; n=84) or intensive care (ICU; n=78) with an asthma exacerbation...

BACKGROUND: Systemic allergic reactions (sARs) following coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines were initially reported at a higher rate than traditional vaccines. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the safety of revaccination in these individuals and to interrogate mechanisms underlying these reactions. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blinded, phase 2 trial, individuals 16-69 years who previously reported a convincing sAR to their first dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine were randomly assigned to receive second dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech; Comirnaty®) vaccine and placebo on consecutive days in a blinded, 1:1 cross-over fashion at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The STOP AD study, a randomized, open-label trial evaluating the effect of short-term (first four postnatal days to 8 weeks) skin barrier protection using AVEENO® Dermexa Fast & Long-Lasting Balm in infants with a parent with allergic disease, demonstrated decreased cumulative incidence and decreased prevalence of AD at 12 months of age. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify skin biomarkers in the STOP AD study that are associated with risk of development of AD...

BACKGROUND: Clinical efficacy of oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been associated with the induction of blocking antibodies, particularly those capable of disrupting IgE-allergen interactions. Previously, we identified monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to Ara h 2 and structurally characterized their epitopes. OBJECTIVE: We investigated longitudinal changes during OIT in antibody binding to conformational epitopes and correlated the results with isotype and clinical efficacy...

BACKGROUND: Food allergy (FA) often occurs in early childhood with and without atopic dermatitis (AD). FA can be severe and even fatal. For primary prevention, it is important to find early biomarkers to predict the future onset of FA before any clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to find early predictors of future onset of FA in the stratum corneum (SC). METHODS: Skin tape strips were collected from the forearm of newborns (n = 129) at age 2 months, before any signs of clinical FA or AD...

BACKGROUND: The atopic march refers to the co-expression and progression of atopic diseases in childhood, often beginning with atopic dermatitis, although children may not "progress" through each atopic disease. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that future atopic disease expression is modified by atopic dermatitis phenotype, and that these differences result from underlying dysregulation of cytokine signaling. METHODS: Children (n=285) were enrolled into the Childhood Origins of ASThma birth cohort and followed prospectively...

BACKGROUND: Immune dysregulation often presents as autoimmunity, inflammation and/or lymphoproliferation. Several germline genetic defects have been associated with immune dysregulation including heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in IKZF1, an essential transcription factor for hematopoiesis containing zinc finger domains (ZFs). However, in a large part of patients the genetic origin of their immunedysregulation remains undetermined. OBJECTIVE: A family with two members presenting immune dysregulation signs was studied to identify the genetic cause of their disease...