International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare phenomenon that can present in the postpartum period. We show the experience of a 35-year-old patient who presented with headache after an uncomplicated pregnancy and vaginal delivery. She was initially diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and subsequently with RCVS following discovery of multifocal vascular narrowing on magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA). Verapamil was initiated, and at 1 month there was improvement intracranially, but cervical vertebral arterial narrowing, likely dissection, was discovered...

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of endometrial cancer according to the types of menopausal hormones used. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study recruited postmenopausal women older than 40 years from 2003 to 2011, utilizing data from the Korean national health insurance system from 2002 to 2019. The menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) group consisted of women who had been prescribed MHT for greater than 6 months between 2003 and 2011. The non-MHT group consisted of women who had never used menopausal hormones between 2003 and 2011...

OBJECTIVE: Contraception use, undesired pregnancy, and abortion care are common medical experiences that most physicians will encounter for their patients. Future physicians should therefore have some formal education on these topics. In this narrative review, we focused on how medical education approaches these sometimes polarizing yet fundamental topics. METHODS: We assessed the published literature on sexual and reproductive health education in undergraduate medical education from 2000 to 2021, screening 868 articles and including 52 articles...

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OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prognosis and treatment decisions for patients with vaginal cancer through a large retrospective cohort study, in order to assist clinicians to evaluate the condition and choose treatment methods. METHODS: This was a retrospective study analyzed with Cox regression, nomogram, and external validation. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used for comparative analysis of various treatment modalities. RESULTS: A total of 6650 cases of vaginal cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and 106 cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2021 from Fujian Cancer Hospital were identified...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic efficiency of a fluorescence colposcope with TMTP1-PEG4-ICG dye versus a conventional colposcope with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine in identifying cervical precancerous lesions. METHODS: In all, 218 women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results including cytology and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) test were involved in the randomized controlled trial. Patients in the fluorescence colposcope group had TMTP1-PEG4-ICG dye applied to the cervix uteri before colposcopy...

Apical support is an important component of pelvic floor reconstruction for pelvic organ prolapse. Sacrospinous ligament fixation is a recognized procedure for apical support. Complications from sacrospinous ligament fixation include pain (buttock and leg) and bleeding. There is some debate as to the optimal location for placement of the sacrospinous fixation sutures. This review summarizes the neuroanatomy of the coccygeus sacrospinous ligament as it pertains to the sacrospinous ligament fixation procedure...

INTRODUCTION: To clarify whether the declaration of an emergency state due to the spread of COVID-19 in Japan affected the number of maternal transports and premature births. METHODS: A questionnaire-based descriptive study was conducted in perinatal centers throughout Japan in 2020. The incidence of maternal transport and preterm delivery rates every month after the COVID-19 spread in 2020 were compared with those in 2019. RESULTS: Participants were recruited from 52 perinatal centres...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of increased pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) on the risk of having spontaneous multiple pregnancies using a nationwide register-based study sample. METHODS: Data from the National Medical Birth Register (MBR) (2004-2018) were used to evaluate the effects of a higher pre-pregnancy BMI on the risk of multiple pregnancies. Lower and higher pre-pregnancy BMI classes, using the WHO classification, were compared with a normal weight class...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a virtual reality learning environment (VRLE) enhanced student understanding and knowledge compared with a traditional tutorial. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial involving medical students from University College Dublin, Ireland. Participants were assigned to an intervention (VRLE involving a 15-min learning experience on the stages of fetal development) or control (PowerPoint tutorial on the same topic) group. Multiple choice questionnaires (MCQs) assessed knowledge at three time points: preintervention, immediately postintervention, and 1 week postintervention...

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of the values of transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and Bishop score (BS) for predicting outcomes of induction of labor (IOL). METHODS: The BS and TVU were assessed before IOL . TVU parameters included cervical length (CL) and E-Cervix comprising of the cervical hard ratio (HR) and the mean strain level of internal os (IOS). Study endpoints included the duration of the latent phase within 15h or 18h and delivery within 24h. RESULTS: In multivariable logistic regression models, at the first 2 endpoints, the areas under the curve (AUCs) for CL with HR were 0...

OBJECTIVES: the objectives are assess the effectiveness of exercise interventions during pregnancy in managing gestational weight gain (GWG), Excessive Gestational Weight Gain (EGWG), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders, 2-h post-OGTT and birth weight, in pregnant women with OW/OB. METHODS: The search strategy was conducted in five electronic databases, restricting to articles published within the last ten years. Were selectedrandomized controlled trials comparing exercise intervention to usual prenatal care, in pregnant women with OW/OB were considered...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the long-term oncologic and obstetric outcomes of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who underwent fertility-sparing surgery (FSS). METHODS: A total of 68 patients observed between March 2007 and July 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO) and uterine preservation with staging surgery were the main procedures for FSS. Disease-free, overall survival, and obstetric outcomes were measured as primary outcomes...

OBJECTIVE: To establish a potential relationship between HDP and HIV infection METHODS: This cross sectional observational study involving 300 women with HDP was undertaken from September 2018 to February 2019, in a regional hospital in Durban, South Africa, a setting with a background HIV prevalence of 45% among pregnant women. All women with new onset elevation of blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy were enrolled, and following informed consent, the relevant information extracted from their files...

OBJECTIVE: Exercise during pregnancy has been proven to reduce the risk of cesarean delivery. However, few studies have examined the relationship between walking or jogging during pregnancy and the success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC). This multicenter, retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the association between walking or jogging during pregnancy and the success rate of VBAC in women who underwent a trial of labor after cesarean delivery. METHODS: The study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 in Foshan, China...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ultrasonographic features of uterine scars and clinical symptoms after cesarean delivery (CD) using barbed and conventional smooth sutures. METHODS: This case-control study enrolled women who underwent primary CD at 37 weeks of gestation or later. The uterus was closed using either double-layer unidirectional barbed suture or conventional double-layer smooth suture. Ultrasound scans of the uterine scar and evaluations of menstrual patterns were performed at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of prophylactic carbetocin with prophylactic oxytocin for preventing severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) following vaginal delivery. METHODS: This before and after cohort study took place between 2020 and 2021 in a university maternity hospital. In 2021, the protocol for PPH prevention immediately after vaginal delivery changed: intravenous oxytocin (5 IU) was replaced by intravenous carbetocin (100 μg). All patients with vaginal births were included, with two groups compared: patients who received prophylactic oxytocin in 2020 and those who received prophylactic carbetocin in 2021...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of severe acute respiratory virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on fetal neurodevelopment in pregnancies recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 54 pregnancies at least four weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 infection and 58 controls. In the third trimester, the depths of the fetal insula, Sylvian, parieto-occipital, and calcarine fissures, the length of cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), and the thickness of the corpus callosum (CC) were measured...

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