European Radiology

OBJECTIVES: The recently proposed standardized reporting and data system for somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT SSTR-RADS 1.0 showed promising first results in the assessment of diagnosis and treatment planning with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). This study aimed to determine the intra- and interreader agreement of SSTR-RADS 1.0. METHODS: SSTR-PET/CT scans of 100 patients were independently evaluated by 4 readers with different levels of expertise according to the SSTR-RADS 1...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the 5-year follow-up results of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for benign thyroid nodules (BTNs), and construct pre- and postablation nomogram models to predict regrowth in BTNs undergoing RFA. METHODS: According to the occurrence of regrowth, BTNs were divided into two subgroups, the regrowth group and the nonregrowth group, and the variables were compared between these two subgroups. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyzes were utilized to filter the independent prognostic factors of regrowth, which then were introduced into the pre- and postablation prognostic nomograms, respectively...

OBJECTIVES: To find simple imaging-based features on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) that are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in takotsubo syndrome (TTS). METHODS: Patients with TTS referred for CMR between 2007 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Besides standard CMR analysis, commonly known complications of TTS based on expert knowledge were assessed and summarised via a newly developed PE2 RT score (one point each for pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, right ventricular involvement, and ventricular thrombus)...

OBJECTIVE: To introduce novel parameters in determining directions of os odontoideum (OO) with atlantoaxial displacement (AAD) and compensations of cervical sagittal alignment after displacement. METHODS: Analysis was performed on 96 cases receiving surgeries for upper cervical myelopathy caused by OO with AAD from 2011 to 2021. Twenty-four patients were included in the OO group and divided into the OO-anterior displacement (AD) group and the OO-posterior displacement (PD) group by displacement...

OBJECTIVE: Reproducibility problems are a known limitation of radiomics. The segmentation of the target lesion plays a critical role in texture analysis variability. This study's aim was to compare the interobserver reliability of manual 2D vs. 3D lung lesion segmentation with and without pre-definition of the volume using a threshold of - 50 HU. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with histopathologically proven lung lesions (15 patients each with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, carcinoid, and organizing pneumonia) who underwent an unenhanced CT scan of the chest were included...

OBJECTIVES: Whether preoperative localisation is necessary and valuable for the microwave ablation (MWA) of small pulmonary lesions with ground-glass opacity (GGO) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of the Chiba needle and lipiodol localisation techniques in facilitating MWA and biopsy. METHODS: This retrospective before-after study included patients with GGOs who underwent conventional MWA and biopsy treatment in our hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 (group A) or who underwent the Chiba needle and lipiodol localisation treatment before MWA and biopsy between January 2020 and December 2020 (group B)...

OBJECTIVES: To explore the correlations between histopathologic findings and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived perfusion and diffusion parameters in brain gliomas. METHODS: Thirty-two biopsy samples from twenty-one patients with newly diagnosed gliomas from a previous prospective cohort study were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent diffusion-weighted MRI with 22 b values (0-5000 s/mm2 ), followed by intraoperative MR-guided biopsy surgery and surgical resection...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the image quality and lesion conspicuity of a deep-learning-based contrast-boosting (DL-CB) algorithm on double-low-dose (DLD) CT of simultaneous reduction of radiation and contrast doses in participants at high-risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Participants were recruited and underwent four-phase dynamic CT (NCT04722120). They were randomly assigned to either standard-dose (SD) or DLD protocol. All CT images were initially reconstructed using iterative reconstruction, and the images of the DLD protocol were further processed using the DL-CB algorithm (DLD-DL)...

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate risk scoring systems using gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI features and clinical factors that predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) of a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Consecutive 295 patients with treatment-naïve single HCC who underwent curative surgery were retrospectively enrolled from two centers. Cox proportional hazard models developed risk scoring systems whose discriminatory powers were validated using external data and compared to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) or American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging systems using Harrell's C-index...

OBJECTIVES: To provide radiologists and physicists with methodological tools to improve patient management after vascular fluoroscopically guided intervention (FGI) by providing optimized thresholds (OT) values that could be used as a surrogate to the thresholds classically proposed by the National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) or could be useful to adapt their own substantial radiation dose levels (SRDL) values. METHODS: PSD of 2000-4000 mGy after FGI were calculated for 258 patients with dedicated software...

OBJECTIVES: Doppler ultrasound (DUS) is the main imaging modality to evaluate vascular complications of pediatric liver transplants (LT). The current study aimed to determine reference values and their change over time. METHODS: A consecutive cohort of pediatric patients undergoing an LT were retrospectively included between 2015 and 2020. Timepoints for standardized DUS were intra-operative and postoperative (day 0), days 1-7, months 1 and 3, and years 1 and 2...

OBJECTIVES: Health workers exposed to ionizing radiation account for  + 50% of workers exposed to man-made radiation in France. Over the last decade, the use of radiation in medicine has increased due to the introduction of new practices. The EXposition des Professionnels de santE aux RayonnemenTs ioniSants study aims to evaluate and characterize the trends in radiation exposure of health workers in France between 2009 and 2019. METHODS: This retrospective study includes all health workers with at least one dosimetric record in the system for occupational dosimetry registration (Système d'information de la surveillance de l'exposition aux rayonnements ionisants) database for each of the years 2009, 2014, and 2019, in the hospitals included in the study...

OBJECTIVES: Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) predicts relevant clinical outcomes in oncologic patients. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of data regarding associations between LSMM and treatment response (TR) in oncology. METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane, and SCOPUS databases were screened for relationships between LSMM and TR in oncologic patients up to November 2022. Overall, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of deep learning (DL)-driven CT fibrosis quantification in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with IPF who underwent nonenhanced chest CT and spirometry between 2005 and 2009 were retrospectively collected. Proportions of normal (CT-Norm%) and fibrotic lung volume (CT-Fib%) were calculated on CT using the DL software. The correlations of CT-Norm% and CT-Fib% with forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO ) were evaluated...

OBJECTIVES: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an emergency requiring both fast and informative MR sequences. We aimed to assess the performance of an artificial intelligence-enhanced ultrafast (UF) protocol, compared to the reference protocol, in the AIS management. METHODS: We included patients admitted in the emergency department for suspected AIS. Each patient underwent a 3-T MR protocol, including reference acquisitions of T2-FLAIR, DWI, and SWI (duration: 7 min 54 s) and their accelerated multishot EPI counterparts for T2-FLAIR and T2*, complemented by a single-shot EPI DWI (duration: 1 min 54 s)...

OBJECTIVES: T2-weighted (w) fat sat (fs) sequences, which are important in spine MRI, require a significant amount of scan time. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can generate synthetic T2-w fs images. We evaluated the potential of synthetic T2-w fs images by comparing them to their true counterpart regarding image and fat saturation quality, and diagnostic agreement in a heterogenous, multicenter dataset. METHODS: A GAN was used to synthesize T2-w fs from T1- and non-fs T2-w...

OBJECTIVES: Since a reliable model for predicting infliximab (IFX) benefits in bio-naïve Crohn's disease (CD) is still lacking, we constructed a magnetic resonance enterography (MRE)-based model to predict the risk of loss of response to IFX in bio-naïve patients with CD. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study enrolled 188 bio-naïve patients with CD who underwent MRE before IFX therapy. Therapeutic outcomes were determined based on clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings within 52 weeks...

• Characterisation and quantification of tissue fat on MRI can be used to provide information on disease processes. • Fat in bone and lymph nodes up until recently have not been exploited for diagnostic purposes or response monitoring in prostate cancer. • Fat imaging on MRI using Dixon/PDFF sequences has the potential to add clinical value in the future but prospective data is needed.

OBJECTIVES: The addition of CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT) increases the diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CCTA). We assessed the impact of FFR-CT in routine clinical practice on clinical decision-making and patient prognosis in patients suspected of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study compared a cohort that received CCTA with FFR-CT to a historical cohort that received CCTA before FFR-CT was available...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a deep learning model for automated and interpretable classification of central canal stenosis, neural foraminal stenosis, and facet arthropathy from lumbar spine MRI. METHODS: T2-weighted axial MRI studies of the lumbar spine acquired between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively selected (n = 200) and graded for central canal stenosis, neural foraminal stenosis, and facet arthropathy. Studies were partitioned into patient-level train (n = 150), validation (n = 20), and test (n = 30) splits...