Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

INTRODUCTION: Lewy body disease (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in patients older than 65 years. LBD is characterized by heterogeneous symptoms like fluctuation in attention, visual hallucinations, Parkinsonism, and REM sleep behaviour disorders. Considering the relevant social impact of the disease, identifying effective non-pharmacological treatments is becoming a priority. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an up-to-date literature review of the most effective non-pharmacological treatments in patients with LBD, focussing on evidence-based interventions...

INTRODUCTION: Vascular factors have been shown to be associated with increased risk of dementia. However, clinical trials have so far been unsuccessful, suggesting new approaches are needed. The aim of this study was to use population-based real world data to investigate risk factors and preventive factors for dementia, including the effects of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using LHID2000, a dataset randomly selected from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD)...

INTRODUCTION: Depression is often under-detected in long-term care (LTC) patients with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD) and is associated with important morbidity, mortality, and costs. Observer-rated outcome measures (ObsROMs) could help resolve this problematic; however, evidence on their accuracy is scattered in the literature. This systematic review aimed at summarizing this evidence. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in 7 databases using keywords, MeSHs, and bibliographic searches...

INTRODUCTION: Tau protein accumulation in the brain is thought to be one of the causes of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The glymphatic system was discovered a decade ago as a waste drainage system in the brain that promotes the elimination of amyloid-beta and tau protein. We here evaluated the relationships between glymphatic system activity and regional brain volumes in PSP patients. METHOD: Subjects were 24 patients with PSP and 42 healthy participants who underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)...

INTRODUCTION: A rapidly increasing number of patients with dementia present a serious social problem. Recently, the incidence of epilepsy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing, drawing attention to the pathological relationship between the two conditions. Clinical studies have suggested the protective action of antiepileptic agents on dementia; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We evaluated the effects of multiple antiepileptic drugs using tau aggregation assay systems to determine the effects of antiepileptic agents on tau aggregation, a major neuropathological finding associated with AD...

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BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including elevated blood pressure (BP), is known to promote Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Although brain amyloid load is a recognized hallmark of pre-symptomatic AD, its relationship to increased BP is less known. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of BP to brain estimates of amyloid-β (Aβ) and standard uptake ratio (SUVr). We hypothesized that increased BP is associated with increased SUVr. METHODS: Using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we stratified BP according to the Seventh Joint National Committee (JNC) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Classification (JNC VII)...

INTRODUCTION: The Memory Complaint Scale (MCS-15) is a 15-item instrument to explore frequent forgetfulness in daily life in people with possible cognitive impairment. However, knowledge about its psychometric performance is limited. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to know the dimensionality and internal consistency of the MCS-15 in Colombian older adults. METHODS: A probabilistic sample of 1,957 older adults from the general Colombian population was taken, aged between 60 and 98 years (mean = 71...

INTRODUCTION: Approximately half of the people living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). However, the neuropathogenesis of HAND is complex, and identifying reliable biomarkers has been challenging. METHODS: This study included 132 participants aged 50 and older from greater San Diego County. The participants were divided into three groups: PLWH with HAND (n = 29), PLWH without HAND (n = 73), and seronegatives without cognitive impairment (n = 30)...

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INTRODUCTION: The Philippine CORONA Study was a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study of 10,881 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admissions between February and December 2020. METHODS: Subgroup analysis was done on clinical outcomes of mortality, respiratory failure, duration of ventilator dependence, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of ICU stay, and length of hospital stay among older persons and persons with dementia. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratios for mortality among the mild and severe cases were significantly higher by 3...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between delirium and low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is contradictory and uncertain. We hypothesised that low levels of IGF-1 are a predisposing factor for delirium in medical and abdominal surgical cohorts, in contrast to other surgical cohorts. AIMS: Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between peripheral levels of IGF-1 and delirium in medical and surgical patients to explore if there are distinct patterns of associations by using subgroup meta-analysis...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with dementia have a 1.42 times higher risk of hospitalization than those without. Preparing and educating caregivers by counseling may attenuate the frequency of hospitalization and the financial burden on the health-care system. We conducted a retrospective observational study to verify whether caregiver counseling would benefit patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. METHODS: The primary caregivers of patients with MCI or dementia at our Dementia Center from January 2017 to December 2018 were included in this study...

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INTRODUCTION: Although exercise can prevent cognitive decline due to aging, few elderly individuals are able to exercise for long. Therefore, an exercise method for older adults that is feasible for a long duration without overexertion is necessary. In this study, we focused on exercise by shaking. This study examined the possibility to prevent the decline in memory through regular and long-term shaking exercise using a senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) model. Behavioral analysis was conducted, and histological changes in the mouse brain were examined to evaluate whether this stimulation method could become a novel exercise method...

INTRODUCTION: Despite cognitive impairment being a major health issue within the older population, limited information is available on factors associated with cognitive function among Asian ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to identify ethnic-specific sociodemographic risk factors which are associated with cognitive performance. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study involving community-dwelling individuals aged >55 years was conducted...

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is one of the most common disorders among older people. This condition causes cognitive impairment, which can affect memory, thinking, expressive or comprehension language. It affects work and daily life. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a word recognition program on naming and quality of life in older people with high risk of dementia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a word recognition program on naming and quality of life in older people with high risk of dementia...

BACKGROUND: Extracranial carotid atherosclerosis has been variably associated with dementia. Prior studies have focused on the association of carotid intima media thickness or carotid stenosis; however, there is evidence that carotid plaque may contribute to dementia, perhaps via microembolic phenomena. OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the role of carotid plaque in contributing to cognitive impairment by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the association between extracranial carotid plaque and cognitive dysfunction and dementia...

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on oxidative stress and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in an experimental Alzheimer's model created with AlCl3 and D-galactose in rats. METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar Albino male rats saline group (Group 1), aluminum chloride (AlCl3) + D-galactose (D-Gal) group (Group 2), AlCl3 + D-Gal + TQ group (Group 3) were divided into 3 groups. The study was completed with 33 rats. Group 1 was given saline intraperitoneally (i...

INTRODUCTION: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a self-reported cognitive decline without objective cognitive impairment. The relationship between audiometric hearing loss (HL) and cognitive function has not been reported in SCD. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether HL affects cognition-related indexes in SCD individuals. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that used the baseline data of a multicenter cohort study that monitors clinical progression from SCD to dementia...