Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

INTRODUCTION: When determining the level of gait independence in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), detailed functional assessment is difficult in some patients. Previous literature has suggested simple standing balance tests for patients with AD due to their ease of implementation in clinical practice and relevance to gait. However, their usefulness for discriminating the level of gait independence remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the discrimination accuracy of a simple standing balance test in the level of gait independence among hospitalized patients with AD...

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between cognitive function and subsequent sarcopenia remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of performance on multiple cognitive domains with sarcopenia in the middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: This longitudinal analysis (wave 2011-2013) included 2934 participants from the CHARLS study. Sarcopenia was defined by the Asian Sarcopenia Working Group 2019 criteria. Cognitive function was measured by the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)...

INTRODUCTION: Low educational attainment is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Alpha-secretase ADAM10 plays a central role in AD pathology, attenuating the formation of beta-amyloid peptides and, therefore, their aggregation into senile plaques. This study seeks to investigate ADAM10 as a blood-based biomarker in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in a diverse group of community-dwelling older adults, focusing on those with limited educational attainment...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00472 in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHOD: Ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were screened by GEO database. AD mouse model was constructed for in vivo experimental. The content of Aβ protein and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation were examined in Hippocampal tissue samples of mice. Subsequently, HT22 cells were induced with Aβ25-35 to establish a neuronal injury model of AD in vitro...

INTRODUCTION: The potential influence of age at menarche (AM) on cognitive aging remains inadequate, partly because of the difficulties presented by multiple confounders. To address this issue, the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to explore the causal impacts of AM on cognitive aging. METHODS: Using the publicly accessible Taiwan Biobank, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with AM as instrumental variables to estimate the effects of instruments on cognitive function assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)...

INTRODUCTION: Providing care for a loved one with dementia can engender intense emotions that contribute to symptoms of anxiety and depression. Caregivers often attempt to regulate their emotions using strategies like cognitive reappraisal (CR; changing how they think about the situation) or expressive suppression (ES; hiding their emotions). However, men and women caregivers may differ in their use of these strategies. The current study examines gender differences in reported CR and ES usage and their associations with depression and anxiety in dementia caregivers...

INTRODUCTION: We comprehensively evaluated how self- and informant-reported neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) differentially associated with cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) PET levels in older adults without dementia. METHODS: 221 participants (48% female, age=73.4y±8.4, CDR=0 [n=184] or 0.5 [n=37]) underwent an Aβ-PET scan (Florbetapir or PIB), comprehensive neuropsychological testing, and self-reported (Geriatric Depression Scale- 30 item), and informant-reported interview (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) of NPS...

Cognitive screening measures are an established part of a dementia assessment, and often include measures of subjective difficulties, e.g., Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ), informant rated difficulty, e.g., Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI-R), and objective cognitive assessments, e.g., Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III). While these measures have validity for the purpose of diagnosing dementia, in clinical practice they are often used outside of their evidence base, for the purpose of cognitive re-assessment...

INTRODUCTION: We elicited Vietnamese Americans' perspectives on culturally appropriate recruitment into a new research registry: Collaborative Approach for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs) Research and Education (CARE). METHODS: Three focus groups were conducted with 21 Vietnamese Americans. Topics included knowledge about and experiences with research, outreach and recruitment methods for research participation and registry enrollment, and views about research incentives...

INTRODUCTION: Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing concern in an aging global population. Frailty, often conceptualized as a state of diminished physiological reserve and increased susceptibility to stressors, emerges as a pivotal factor in this context. While frailty may be modified, it is essential to recognize its frequently irreversible nature, necessitating a careful approach when considering its role and influence in the progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to dementia and within dementia progression...

Introduction Previous studies have indicated a correlation between perceived stress and cognitive decline. However, it remains unknown whether high levels of perceived stress can result in motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome. This study investigated the relationship between perceived stress and MCR in a community-based population. Methods The study cohort comprised 852 elderly individuals from the Rugao Longitudinal Aging Cohort. Perceived stress was assessed using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), while MCR was defined as the coexistence of subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and slow gait speed...

INTRODUCTION: Loneliness in older persons with cognitive impairment (PCI) may beget loneliness in their family caregivers, depending on buffering resources caregivers possess. This study examined the association between loneliness in older persons with cognitive impairment (PCI) and loneliness experienced by their family caregivers, and the moderating role of caregiver mastery in this association. METHODS: Dyadic data from 135 PCI and their family caregivers in Singapore were analyzed using multivariable regression...

Introduction The prevalence of mild and major neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), also referred to as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, is rising globally. The prevention of NCDs is a major global public health interest. We sought to synthesize the literature on potentially modifiable risk factors for NCDs. Methods We conducted an umbrella review using a systematic search across multiple databases to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Eligible reviews examined potentially modifiable risk factors for mild or major NCDs...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the influence of case management and its corresponding computer-assisted assessment system on the quality improvement of dementia care. METHODS: This observational study enrolled 2029 patients and their caregivers at Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan. Physicians who made the diagnosis of dementia would introduce the patient and caregiver dyad to the case manager-centered collaborative care team after obtaining agreement...

INTRODUCTION: Mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent and intertwined among aging people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the interrelationships and strength of connections between individual mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment. We sought to identify specific symptoms linking mental health and cognitive impairment in aging PLWH. METHODS: Participants in the Sichuan Older People with HIV Infections Cohort Study (SOHICS) were recruited between November 2018 and April 2021 in China...

INTRODUCTION: Promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) by Life's Simple 7 is associated with better cognitive function. In 2022, the American Heart Association (AHA) prompted Life's Essential 8 (LE8) to strengthen CVH assessment. This study investigated the association between the new CVH metrics assessed by LE8 and cognitive function, thus providing evidence for implementing LE8 in the primordial prevention of cognitive impairment. METHODS: 2,050 participants aged 60 and older from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014 were included...

INTRODUCTION: The connection between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to receive attention. However, whether periodontitis is a risk factor for MCI remains still uncertain. This study aims to systematically analyze the available literature regarding the relationship between periodontitis and the risk of developing MCI, and whether the periodontal health of MCI patients is poorer. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases was conducted to include all studies on the relationship between periodontitis and MCI from inception to April 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is common cerebrovascular disease in the elderly, which characterized by neurological defects caused by cerebral vessels. Multiple studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in stroke. In addition, a large of evidence suggests that stroke increases the risk and severity of cognitive impairments. METHODS: miR-511-3p expression levels was detected by Real-Time PCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-511-3p in distinguishing stroke patients from healthy controls, and to assess risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in stroke patients...

INTRODUCTION: Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a non-invasive tool for measuring cerebrovascular hemodynamics. Studies have reported alterations in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, as well as in different etiologies of dementia. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the relationship between cerebral blood velocity (CBv) and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in persons with MCI and dementia...

INTRODUCTION: As disease modifying therapies become available, early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes increasingly important. However, biomarkers in LMICs are rare and costly. Thus, we evaluated an AD-focused BCT, the Memory Alteration Test (M@T), to detect biomarker-proven AD and quantify its correlation with neurodegeneration and CSF AD biomarkers in a cohort of participants from Lima, Peru. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a cohort of 185 participants: 63 controls, 53 with amnestic MCI (aMCI), and 69 with dementia due to AD...