Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Several new treatments that improve survival in clinical trials have been developed for various solid malignancies in advanced stages. The effect of these options on survival in the general population is currently unknown. METHODS: Cancers for which 2 or more new treatment options have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration during the years 2009 through 2011 for the treatment of advanced disease were identified, including adenocarcinoma of the lung, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell carcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Strategies using oral arsenic trioxide (As2 O3 ) are efficacious in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but they have not been examined in newly diagnosed cases. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive patients (24 men and 38 women) with a median age of 52 years (range, 22-85 years), 36% of whom had high-risk features, underwent induction with all-trans retinoic acid at 45 mg/m2 /d, oral As2 O3 at 10 mg/d, and ascorbic acid at 1 g/d (the all-trans retinoic acid-arsenic trioxide-ascorbic acid [AAA] regimen) for 6 weeks (with patients younger than 70 years additionally receiving daunorubicin at 50 mg/m2 /d × 3); they then underwent consolidation with 2 monthly cycles of daunorubicin (50 mg/m2 /d × 2) and cytarabine (100 mg/m2 /d × 5) and received AAA maintenance (2 weeks every 8 weeks) for 2 years...

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BACKGROUND: The eighth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (AJCC 8) incorporates depth of invasion (DOI) into the pathologic tumor (pT) classification and pathologic extranodal extension (pENE) into the pathologic nodal (pN) classification for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). This study evaluated the incidence and prognostic importance of stage migration as a result of these changes in the AJCC 8 staging system. METHODS: From the National Cancer Database, cohorts were identified from patients with OCSCC undergoing definitive surgery between 2004 and 2013 for pT (n = 7184), pN (n = 13,627), and pathologic stage (pStage) analysis (n = 5580)...

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common patient concern and clinical endpoint in prostate cancer outcomes research. It is measured using different self-report instruments that are not directly comparable, thereby making clinical trials, clinical performance measurement, and comparative effectiveness research challenging when anxiety is the outcome of interest. The objective of the current study was to enable a common reporting metric of anxiety so that scores on commonly used anxiety measures could be converted into Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores for ease of application, interpretation, and comparability...

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to predict whether a patient with head and neck cancer (HNC) is more likely to die of the cancer or another comorbidity. Competing event models can help to identify individual patients or groups of patients who may be undertreated or overtreated in clinical practice. METHODS: Patients with HNC (n = 884), aged 18 to 85 years and diagnosed from 2000 to 2015 with stage II to IVB disease according to the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer system, were identified...

BACKGROUND: In the current study, the authors investigated the incidence of moderate to severe chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) for chemotherapy regimens commonly used in current clinical practice for the treatment of patients with early breast cancer. Patient-reported and clinician-assessed CIPN severity scores were compared, and risk factors for CIPN severity were identified. METHODS: Patients completed a Patient-Reported Symptom Monitoring form and oncologists completed a Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events form...

The rarity and heterogeneity of sarcomas make performing appropriately powered studies challenging and magnify the significance of large databases in sarcoma research. Established large tumor registries and population-based databases have become increasingly relevant for answering clinical questions regarding sarcoma incidence, treatment patterns, and outcomes. However, the validity of large databases has been questioned and scrutinized because of the inaccuracy and wide variability of coding practices and the absence of clinically relevant variables...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of daratumumab (DARA) both as a monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care regimens in multiple myeloma (MM) has been established in clinical trials. This article presents a retrospective analysis of the safety and efficacy of DARA in combination with pomalidomide (POM) and dexamethasone (ie, daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone [DARA-POM-D]) and, more importantly, the long-term follow-up of a cohort that was naive to DARA and POM as well as a cohort in which the utility of re-treatment was evaluated among patients who were DARA- and/or POM-refractory...

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BACKGROUND: China accounts for approximately 27% of global cancer deaths. However, to the authors' knowledge, the lasting effects of cancer and cancer treatments on patients have not been investigated in China. The authors developed a questionnaire, the China Survey of Experiences with Cancer, for Chinese cancer survivors. This article introduces the study design and domains covered in the questionnaire. METHODS: The Cancer Survivorship Supplement of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was used as a reference to develop the questionnaire...

BACKGROUND: The pivotal E1684, E1690, E1694, and E2696 trials of adjuvant high-dose interferon-α (HDI) enrolled nearly 2000 patients, and established HDI as the standard of care in adjuvant therapy for patients with resected high-risk melanoma. Herein, the authors present an updated analysis of these 4 trials. METHODS: Survival and disease status were updated in September 2016. These data represent a median follow-up of 17.9 years for the E1684 trial, 12.2 years for the E1690 trial, 16...

BACKGROUND: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for adverse psychological outcomes. Whether exercise can attenuate this risk is unknown. METHODS: In total, 6199 participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (median age, 34.3 years [range, 22.0-54.0 years]; median age at diagnosis, 10.0 years [range, 0-21.0 years]) completed a questionnaire assessing vigorous exercise and medical/psychological conditions. Outcomes were evaluated a median of 7.8 years (range, 0...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk and response-based multi-agent therapy for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) at first relapse. METHODS: Patients with RMS and measurable disease at first relapse with unfavorable-risk (UR) features were randomized to a 6-week phase 2 window with 1 of 2 treatment schedules of irinotecan with vincristine (VI) (previously reported). Those with at least a partial response to VI continued to receive 44 weeks of multi-agent chemotherapy including the assigned VI regimen...

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BACKGROUND: The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial assessed the effect of screening with prostate-specific antigen and a digital rectal examination on prostate cancer mortality. Another endpoint of interest was the burden of total metastatic disease. METHODS: All men in PLCO were assessed for metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis; men with clinical stage I/II disease were assessed for metastatic progression. The rate of total metastatic disease was defined as metastases found either at diagnosis or through progression divided by person-years (PYs) of follow-up for all men in the trial...

BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and lung and colorectal cancer outcomes is not well established. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of 49,143 consecutive patients who underwent clinician-referred exercise stress testing from 1991 through 2009. The patients ranged in age from 40 to 70 years, were without cancer, and were treated within the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, Michigan...

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk of developing several cancers, but to the authors' knowledge less is known regarding how HIV impacts the rate of progression to advanced cancer or death. METHODS: The authors compared stage of disease at the time of presentation and mortality after diagnosis between 14,453 PLWH and 6,368,126 HIV-uninfected patients diagnosed with cancers of the oral cavity, stomach, colorectum, anus, liver, pancreas, lung, female breast, cervix, prostate, bladder, kidney, and thyroid and melanoma using data from the National Cancer Data Base (2004-2014)...