Cancer

BACKGROUND: With access to cancer care services limited because of coronavirus disease 2019 control measures, cancer diagnosis and treatment have been delayed. The authors explored changes in the counts of US incident cases by cancer type, age, sex, race, and disease stage in 2020. METHODS: Data were extracted from selected US population-based cancer registries for diagnosis years 2015-2020 using first-submission data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries...

BACKGROUND: The lack of sociodemographic diversity in clinical trials limits the generalizability of results. The authors examined participation rates and effect modification by sex and race in oncology trials. METHODS: The authors extracted outcome data stratified by sex and race for registration trials supporting US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval (2010-2021). Effect modification by race and sex was examined using quantitative and qualitative methods...

BACKGROUND: Evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) shows that receipt of hormonal therapy after surgery for estrogen receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) reduces the risk of DCIS and contralateral invasive breast cancer (IBC) but not death from breast cancer. RCTs examined homogeneous samples, and therefore whether this evidence can be generalized to diverse populations is unclear. METHODS: Population-based data from four state cancer registries (California, New Jersey, New York, and Texas) were analyzed on women aged 65 years and older newly diagnosed with DCIS who underwent surgery with or without radiation during the years 2006-2013...

BACKGROUND: Mismatch-repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) status has therapeutic implications in endometrial cancer (EC). The authors evaluated the concordance of testing and factors contributing to MMR expression heterogeneity. METHODS: Six hundred sixty-six ECs were characterized using immunohistochemistry (IHC), MSI testing, and mut-L homolog 1 (MLH1) methylation. Select samples underwent whole-transcriptome analysis and next-generation sequencing. MMR expression of metastatic/recurrent sites was evaluated...

OBJECTIVES: The development of desmoid tumors (DT) is associated with trauma, which is an aspect with medicolegal relevance. The objective of this study was to analyze the proportion and type of trauma (surgical, blunt/fracture, implants), its lag time, and mutations of the CTNNB1 gene in patients with sporadic DT. METHODS: We analyzed a prospectively kept database of 381 females and 171 males, median age at disease onset 37.7 years (females) and 39.3 years (males) with a histologically confirmed DT...

BACKGROUND: For oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), extent of extranodal extension (ENE) (minor, ≤2 mm; major, >2 mm) is differentially prognostic, whereas limitations exist with the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer TNM N-classification (TNM-8-N). METHODS: Resected OSCC patients at four centers were included and extent of ENE was recorded. Thresholds for optimal overall survival (OS) discrimination of lymph node (LN) features were established...

PURPOSE: The combination of fulvestrant with alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor, improves progression-free survival in metastatic hormone receptor-positive, PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. This study describes the incidence, risk factors, and treatment of alpelisib-associated hyperglycemia. METHODS: Patients with metastatic breast cancer who received alpelisib from 2013 to 2021 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were included in this retrospective study. Alpelisib prescription dates and patient/tumor characteristics were abstracted from medical records...

BACKGROUND: Technetium-99 (99m Tc) lymphoscintigraphy with blue dye injection is an accepted method for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, but blue dye has known adverse effects, and injection of 99m Tc may increase time under anesthesia for pediatric patients. Indocyanine green (ICG) may serve as an adjunct to assist with visibility and identification of SLNs. We hypothesized that sensitivity of ICG was similar to blue dye in SLN biopsies. METHODS: Thirty patients (36 procedures with 96 total specimens) underwent preoperative intradermal injection of 99m Tc, followed by intradermal injection of isosulfan blue and ICG...

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) includes negative sensations that remain a major chronic problem for cancer survivors. Previous research demonstrated that neurofeedback (a closed-loop brain-computer interface [BCI]) was effective at treating CIPN versus a waitlist control (WLC). The authors' a priori hypothesis was that BCI would be superior to placebo feedback (placebo control [PLC]) and to WLC in alleviating CIPN and that changes in brain activity would predict symptom report...

BACKGROUND: Treatment exposures for childhood cancer reduce ovarian reserve. However, the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) among female survivors is not well established. METHODS: Five-year survivors of childhood cancer in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were linked to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System, which captures national ART outcomes. The authors assessed the live birth rate, the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and associations with treatment exposure using generalized estimating equations to account for multiple ovarian stimulations per individual...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Military and general populations differ in factors related to cancer occurrence and diagnosis. This study compared incidence of colorectal, lung, prostate, testicular, breast, and cervical cancers between the US military and general US populations. METHODS: Data from the US Department of Defense's Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were analyzed. Persons in ACTUR were active-duty members 20-59 years old during 1990-013...

BACKGROUND: High-dose carboplatin is an essential part of curative high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for patients with previously treated germ cell tumors (GCTs). Although hearing loss (HL) is a known side effect of HDCT, data on its severity and characteristics are limited. METHODS: Eligible patients received HDCT for GCTs from 1993 to 2017 and had audiograms before and after HDCT. HL severity was classified by American Speech-Language-Hearing Association criteria, and mean change in hearing threshold at each frequency (0...

BACKGROUND: Unplanned hospitalizations among patients with advanced cancer are often sentinel events prompting goals of care discussions and hospice transitions. Late referrals to hospice, especially those at the end of life, are associated with decreased quality of life and higher total health care costs. Inpatient management of patients with solid tumor malignancies is increasingly shifting from oncologists to oncology hospitalists. However, little is known about the impact of oncology hospitalists on the timing of transition to hospice...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to understand the differential levels of inflammatory chemokines in association with higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality in African American (AA) men than in Caucasians (CA). METHODS: The authors used a chemokine assay to simultaneously measure 40 chemokines and cytokines levels in the serum of preoperative prostate cancer patients and healthy controls of AA and CA races. Selected chemokines (CXCL2, CXCL5, and CCL23) serum level was validated in 211 serum samples from prostate cancer patients and healthy controls...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Clinicians treating cancer-related pain with opioids regularly encounter nonmedical stimulant use (i.e., methamphetamine, cocaine), yet there is little evidence-based management guidance. The aim of the study is to identify expert consensus on opioid management strategies for an individual with advanced cancer and cancer-related pain with nonmedical stimulant use according to prognosis. METHODS: The authors conducted two modified Delphi panels with palliative care and addiction experts...

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the influence of oral microbial features on the trajectory of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. METHODS: OM severity was assessed and buccal swabs were collected at baseline, at the initiation of cancer treatment, weekly during cancer treatment, at the termination of cancer treatment, and after cancer treatment termination. The oral microbiome was characterized via the 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region with the Illumina platform...

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy (IO) has demonstrated promising results in treating extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), and the management of ES-SCLC brain metastases (BMs) is now receiving significant clinical attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of IO in the clinical management of BMs. METHODS: Between January 2020 and December 2021, the study included the records of 250 patients who were diagnosed with ES-SCLC. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, intracranial progression-free survival, and the cumulative incidence of BMs were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared using the log-rank test...