Cancer

BACKGROUND: Although cell lines are an essential resource for studying cancer biology, many are of unknown ancestral origin, and their use may not be optimal for evaluating the biology of all patient populations. METHODS: An admixture analysis was performed using genome-wide chip data from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) Cell Lines Project to calculate genetic ancestry estimates for 1018 cancer cell lines. After stratifying the analyses by tissue and histology types, linear models were used to evaluate the influence of ancestry on gene expression and somatic mutation frequency...

BACKGROUND: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)-associated mutations increase the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease. Comorbidities significantly impact the prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The objective of this study was to determine the association and impact of CHIP mutations with comorbidities in patients with MDS. METHODS: This retrospective analysis of 566 consecutive patients with MDS was conducted at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from August 2013 to December 2016...

BACKGROUND: Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) negatively impact adherence to and persistence with therapy. In SWOG S1202, patients with AIMSS who were treated with duloxetine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, reported improvement in pain by 12 weeks compared with placebo. Based on the authors' prior observation that responses to pain interventions differ between obese and nonobese patients, the current study examined whether response to duloxetine therapy differed by obesity status...

BACKGROUND: Having a first-degree relative (FDR) with colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant risk factor for CRC. Counseling for FDRs regarding CRC risk factors and personalized risk is important to improve knowledge and screening compliance. METHODS: A 3-arm randomized controlled trial compared tailored in-person and telephone CRC counseling interventions with controls among FDRs who were not mutation carriers for known hereditary cancer syndromes, but who were considered to be at an increased risk based on family history...

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is increasing in adults younger than 50 years. This study evaluated clinical and molecular features to identify those features unique to early-onset CRC that differentiate these patients from patients 50 years old or older. METHODS: Baseline characteristics were evaluated according to the CRC onset age with 3 independent cohorts. A fourth cohort was used to describe the impact of age on the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) prevalence...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of a 12-month exercise intervention on endocrine-related quality of life (QOL) and overall QOL among breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced arthralgia in the Hormones and Physical Exercise (HOPE) Study. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial of 121 breast cancer survivors who were currently receiving AIs and experiencing at least mild arthralgia. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaires and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months...

BACKGROUND: Delays from the diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) to radical cystectomy (RC) longer than 12 weeks result in higher mortality and shorter progression-free survival. This study sought to identify factors associated with RC delays and to determine whether delays in care in the current treatment paradigm, which includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), affect survival. METHODS: Subjects with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II urothelial carcinoma of the bladder who underwent RC from 2004 to 2012 were identified from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results national cancer registry and the Medicare claims database and were stratified into RC groups with or without NAC...

BACKGROUND: Burkitt lymphoma is a fast-growing mature B cell malignancy, whose genetic hallmark is translocation and activation of the c-myc gene. Prompt multiagent immunochemotherapy regimens can have favorable outcomes, but prognosis is poor in refractory or relapsed disease. We previously identified a novel family of near-infrared heptamethine carbocyanine fluorescent dyes (HMCD or DZ) with tumor-homing properties via organic anion-transporting peptides. These membrane carriers have uptake in tumor cells but not normal cells in cell culture, mouse and dog tumor models, patient-derived xenografts, and perfused kidney cancers in human patients...

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BACKGROUND: Perceptions of high cost and resource intensity remain political barriers to the prioritization of childhood cancer treatment programs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Little knowledge exists of the actual cost and cost-effectiveness of such programs. To improve outcomes for children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), the most common childhood cancer in Africa, the Uganda Cancer Institute implemented a comprehensive BL treatment program in 2012. We undertook an economic evaluation of the program to ascertain the cost-effectiveness of BL therapy in a specific LIC setting...

The immune system represents the major primary defense line against carcinogenesis and acts by identifying and eradicating nascent transformed cells. A growing body of evidence is indicating that aberrant epigenetic reprogramming plays a key role in tumor immune escape through: 1) impaired efficient recognition of neoplastic cells by the immune system, resulting from a downregulation or loss of the expression of tumor-associated antigens, human leukocyte antigens, antigen processing and presenting machinery, and costimulatory molecule genes; 2) aberrant expression of immune checkpoint proteins and their ligands; and 3) modification of cytokine profiles and tumor-associated immune cell populations toward an immunosuppressive state in the tumor microenvironment...

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BACKGROUND: In the United States, patients who have breast cancer experience significant economic burden compared with those who have other types of cancers. Cancer-related economic burden is exacerbated by adverse treatment effects. Strategies to resolve the economic burden caused by breast cancer and its adverse treatment effects have stemmed from the perspectives of health care providers, oncology navigators, and other subject-matter experts. For the current study, patient-driven recommendations were elicited to reduce economic burden after 1) breast cancer and 2) breast cancer-related lymphedema, which is a common, persistent adverse effect of breast cancer...

Substantial progress has been made in understanding ovarian cancer at the molecular and cellular level. Significant improvement in 5-year survival has been achieved through cytoreductive surgery, combination platinum-based chemotherapy, and more effective treatment of recurrent cancer, and there are now more than 280,000 ovarian cancer survivors in the United States. Despite these advances, long-term survival in late-stage disease has improved little over the last 4 decades. Poor outcomes relate, in part, to late stage at initial diagnosis, intrinsic drug resistance, and the persistence of dormant drug-resistant cancer cells after primary surgery and chemotherapy...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy adherence among populations at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC, but the adherence rate has been found to be poor. A short message service (SMS) is effective in promoting cancer screening, but its effectiveness in promoting colonoscopy among populations at high risk for CRC has not been well studied. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial conducted in Guangzhou, China, participants who had tested positive during preliminary CRC screening (a high-risk factor questionnaire and/or an immunochemical fecal occult blood test) but had not undergone colonoscopy were randomized into low-frequency (monthly) intervention, high-frequency (biweekly) intervention, and control groups...