British Journal of Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine if patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and concomitant central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) may present without brain MRI findings, but possess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suspicious for lymphoma. METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-centre, observational study evaluating patients with a diagnosis or suspicion of VRL seen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 2006 and 2024. Patients were included if the final diagnosis was biopsy-proven CNSL and both MRI brain with and without contrast±CSF evaluation (obligatory for inclusion if MRI negative) were performed at the initial diagnostic workup...

AIM: To employ ultrawide field three-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography (UWF 3D SS-OCTA) modality, integrating novel strategies, posterior eye curvature maps and posterior eye height maps, in characterising the features and disease associations of posterior staphyloma in paediatric patients. This study seeks to compare paediatric staphylomas to established adult classifications, identify distinct paediatric patterns and introduce a new classification system for paediatric staphyloma using advanced multimodal imaging...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aims of this study is to evaluate the anatomic, visual outcomes and associated prognostic factors in patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) following vitrectomy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients with ROP who underwent vitrectomy from 2005 to 2016 was conducted. All the patients had a follow-up period of at least 5 years. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors related to unfavourable outcomes...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report the incidence, time after inciting event, aetiology and risk after specific intraocular procedures and the visual outcomes associated with sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) occurrence. METHODS: This study reports data from multiple retrospective cohorts: retrospective population-based data were extracted from the TRICARE service network (between 2017 and 2021) and retrospective case-based data from the Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) database (cohorts from the UK, South India and North India)...

AIMS: To evaluate the visual function and foveal architecture in patients with stage 3 idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM). METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study included 56 eyes of 52 patients with stage 3 iERM. The patients were classified into type A ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL) and type B EIFL based on the presence of a continuous hyporeflective band. Visual function and foveal microarchitecture were assessed in enrolled eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), metamorphopsia scores, retinal sensitivity and optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography features were compared between two subtypes...

AIMS: To analyse the correlation between the physician categories defined by the 3C classification (crystal-complication-compliance) and the ocular manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis. METHODS: The last visit data of 64 patients aged between 2 and 64 attending the centre for management of cystinosis were reviewed. Each patient had been placed into one of four categories by the clinician based on disease severity. The correlation between these categories and markers of the disease was assessed using Pearson's correlation...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated longitudinal autoantibody changes after intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP), compared them with those in untreated patients and identified prognostic factors for treatment response. METHODS: In this single-centre, retrospective, observational study, a total of 163 individuals diagnosed with moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease were enrolled and followed for 12 months. Depending on whether IVMP was administered, we divided the patients into treatment and control groups...

AIMS: To quantitatively measure retinal curvature (RC) in children with myopia and explore its association with refractive status. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included participants aged 5-18 years who underwent comprehensive ocular examinations, including cycloplegic refraction and macula 24×20 mm optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. RC was derived from OCT data using a three-dimensional reconstruction system. Mean RC was assessed in concentric circles (RC I-VI) with diameters of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mm around the fovea, as well as in four orientations (RC S/I/N/T)...

AIMS: The relationship between retinal electrophysiological function and myopia progression was evaluated in school-aged children wearing Breath-O-Correct Orthokeratology (OK) lenses compared with those wearing single vision (SV) lenses over 24 months. METHODS: In this randomised, single-blind, parallel controlled trial, children aged 8-12 years with -1.00 to -4.00 D of myopia were recruited. Retinal function was evaluated using global-flash multifocal electroretinography at baseline before OK or SV treatment...

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PURPOSE: To explore the prevalence and associated factors of parapapillary scleral ridges (PSRs). METHODS: Out of the cohort of the population-based Beijing Eye Study (n=3468 participants), the study included all eyes with an axial length of ≥25 mm and a randomised sample of eyes with an axial length of <25 mm. Using optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images and fundus photographs, we examined the presence and height of PSRs, defined as a ridge-like structure located on the OCT scans in the parapapillary region...

AIMS: To investigate the associations of genetic variants previously linked to axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SE) in adults with refractive error and related endophenotypes in children, at baseline and 3-year follow-up. METHODS: 15 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected from previous Genome-Wide Association Studies and meta-analyses, were genotyped in 2819 Chinese children, who had undergone baseline and 3-year follow-up cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry and ocular health examinations...

PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) over a 12-month period with trabeculectomy in patients with advanced pigmentary glaucoma (PG). METHODS: This was a pilot randomised controlled trial of patients with advanced PG (mean deviation worse than -12 dB), undergoing either GATT or a fornix-based trabeculectomy. Absolute success (criterion A) was defined as a postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 18 mm Hg, with a drop of at least 30% from the treated preoperative value without need of any IOP-lowering medication...

BACKGROUND: Myopia is a pervasive global public health concern, particularly among the younger population. However, the escalating prevalence of myopia remains uncertain. Hence, our research aims to ascertain the global and regional prevalence of myopia, along with its occurrence within specific demographic groups. METHODS: An exhaustive literature search was performed on several databases covering the period from their inception to 27 June 2023. The global prevalence of myopia was determined by employing pooled estimates with a 95% CI, and further analysis was conducted to assess variations in prevalence estimates across different subgroups...

AIMS: To determine the impact of microorganism virulence on visual outcomes in endophthalmitis. METHODS: Retrospective, multicentre cohort study of patients presenting with endophthalmitis between 2006 and 2021. A literature review was conducted to divide cultured microorganisms into low and high virulence subcategories. RESULTS: 610 eyes with endophthalmitis were recruited from New Zealand, the UK and Israel. The median age was 69.4 years...

PURPOSE: Patients with non-proliferative macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) have ganglion cell layer (GCL) and nerve fibre layer (NFL) loss, but it is unclear whether the thinning is progressive. We quantified the change in retinal layer thickness over time in MacTel with and without diabetes. METHODS: In this retrospective, multicentre, comparative case series, subjects with MacTel with at least two optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans separated by >9 months OCTs were segmented using the Iowa Reference Algorithms...

AIMS: This study evaluates the long-term efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser excision as a novel treatment for large xanthelasma palpebrarum. METHODS: The study included 295 patients diagnosed with xanthelasma palpebrarum, categorised as 246 patients with grade I, 16 with grade II, 22 patients with grade III and 11 with grade IV lesions. All underwent CO₂ laser excision and were followed up for a 12-month period. Treatment efficacy was assessed through clearance and recurrence rates, evaluated using digital photography and complications were recorded...

PURPOSE: To create a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of ocular anterior segment for primary angle closure diseases (PACD) and assess the aqueous humour (AH) dynamics in different angle closure ranges (ACRs). METHODS: The ocular anterior segment geometry was obtained from an optical coherence tomography image by SOLIDWORKS. Three different angle opening distance at 750 µm from the scleral spur (AOD750) values were established to mimic three widths of anterior chamber angle...

OBJECTIVE: Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is an alphaherpesvirus-caused panuveitis with devastating consequences for the eye. Our study aims to describe new findings in the clinical spectrum and propose a mechanism for the pathogenesis of PORN. METHODS: Observational, consecutive case series. Seven eyes from five patients diagnosed with PORN were enrolled. Detailed case histories, ocular examination findings and multimodal images of retina were collected...

BACKGROUND: To assess predictive value of short-term choroidal changes for future myopic shift in children. METHODS: 577 eyes of 289 primary school children were prospectively followed for 2 years. Cycloplegic refractions at baseline, 1 year and 2 years, and choroidal measurements by optical coherence tomography at baseline and 3 months, were used for analyses. Myopic shift was defined as refraction change of at least -0.50 dioptre/year, at 2 years compared with baseline...