Annals of Nuclear Medicine

Brown tumors (BT) are abnormal bone-repair processes and a consequence of hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis of these lytic lesions in nuclear medicine, while a challenge, is not so rare, because functional imaging is used both in the management of cancer and hyperparathyroidism. The main objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge and the evidence concerning BT and the different imaging modalities in nuclear medicine. A systematic review was performed in Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar from 2005 to 2022...

OBJECTIVE: Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT showed improved performance resulting from higher sensitivity. The aim was to quantify the impact of using the full acceptance angle (UHS) in image reconstructions with the Biograph Vision Quadra LAFOV PET/CT (Siemens Healthineers) compared to the limited acceptance angle (high sensitivity mode, HS). METHODS: 38 oncological patients examined on a LAFOV Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT were analysed. 15 patients underwent [18 F]FDG-PET/CT, 15 patients underwent [18 F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT, and 8 patients underwent [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT...

BACKGROUND: With improved resolution and sensitivity, the cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector measures myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) via single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Recently, many studies have used vasodilator stress to obtain quantitative indexes. However, dobutamine used as a pharmaceutical stress has been rarely used to quantify myocardial perfusion using CZT-SPECT. Our study retrospectively analyzed the blood flow performance of 99m Tc-Sestamibi (99m Tc -MIBI) CZT-SPECT comparing dobutamine to adenosine...

OBJECTIVE: Abnormal aggregation of tau in the brain is a major contributing factor in various neurodegenerative diseases. Florzolotau (18F) (florzolotau, APN-1607, PM-PBB3) has been shown to be a probe for tau fibrils in an animal model and patients with Alzheimer's disease and those with non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and radiation dose following a single intravenous administration of florzolotau in healthy Japanese subjects...

OBJECTIVE: Osseous metastasis (OM) is the second most common site of thyroid cancer distant metastasis and presents a poor prognosis. Accurate prognostic estimation for OM has clinical significance. Ascertain the risk factors for survival and develop an effective model to predict the 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for thyroid cancer patients with OM. METHODS: We retrieved the information of patients with OMs between 2010 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program...

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the utility of [18 F]F-Florastamin, a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET radiotracer with facile radiochemistry, relative to the conventional imaging for the detection of sties of disease and evaluate the effect of multi-timepoint imaging with [18 F]F-Florastamin PET on lesion detectability. METHODS: Eight prostate cancer patients with known or suspected recurrence who underwent [18 F]F-Florastamin PET/CT at 1-h and 2-h imaging time-points were included in this prospective pilot study...

OBJECTIVE: The present prospective study aimed to determine whether the addition of 123 I-iomazenil (IMZ) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to brain perfusion SPECT could improve the detection accuracy of misery perfusion on positron emission tomography (PET) in adult patients with ischemic moyamoya disease (MMD). METHODS: Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and brain perfusion were assessed using 15 O gas PET and N-isopropyl-p-[123 I]-iodoamphetamine (IMP) SPECT, respectively, in 137 patients...

OBJECTIVE: Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 florbetaben (FBB), F-18 flutemetamol (FMM), and F-18 florapronol (FPN) is being used clinically for the evaluation of dementia. These radiopharmaceuticals are commonly used to evaluate the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain, but there are structural differences between them. We investigated whether there are any differences in the imaging characteristics. METHODS: A total of 605 subjects were enrolled retrospectively in this study, including healthy subjects (HS) and patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease...

PURPOSE: To achieve PET/CT-based preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by combining the advantages of PET and CT. METHODS: This retrospective study included a total of 100 patients from two institutions who underwent PET/CT imaging. The above patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 70) and a validation cohort (n = 30). This study was based on PET/CT images to evaluate the possibility of microvascular invasion (MVI) of patients...

OBJECTIVE: 11 C-PHNO is a PET radioligand most specific to dopamine D3 receptor (D3 R). The long scan duration of 120 min used in quantification of 11 C-PHNO binding to D3 R in previous studies is challenging to subjects. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of shorter scan times on the binding of 11 C-PHNO to D3 R and test-retest reliability using the latest digital whole-body PET system. METHODS: Two 120-min 11 C-PHNO brain scans were performed in 7 healthy subjects using a digital whole-body PET/CT...

PURPOSE: Noninvasive methods used in clinic to accurately detect DA neuron loss in diabetic brain injury and diabetic retinopathy have not been reported up to now. 18 F-FP-CIT is a promising dopamine transporter (DAT) targeted probe. Our study first applies 18 F-FP-CIT PET imaging to assess DA neuron loss in the striatum and retina of T1DM rat model. METHODS: T1DM rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg kg-1 , ip)...

PET can reveal in vivo biological processes at the molecular level. PET-derived quantitative values have been used as a surrogate marker for clinical decision-making in numerous clinical studies and trials. However, quantitative values in PET are variable depending on technical, biological, and physical factors. The variability may have a significant impact on a study outcome. Appropriate scanner calibration and quality control, standardization of imaging protocols, and any necessary harmonization strategies are essential to make use of PET as a biomarker with low bias and variability...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of a novel lymph node radiotracer 99m Tc-rituximab in sentinel lymph node (SLN) lymphoscintigraphy and SLN biopsy (SLNB), and the influence of SLNB results on the prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 533 patients with CMM who underwent lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB. All patients received a preoperative peritumoral injection of 11.1-18.5 MBq of 99m Tc-rituximab 0...

OBJECTIVE: A mobile PET scanner termed flexible PET (fxPET) has been designed to fit existing MRI systems. The purpose of this study was to assess brain imaging with fxPET combined with 3-T MRI in comparison with conventional PET (cPET)/CT. METHODS: In this prospective study, 29 subjects with no visible lesions except for mild leukoaraiosis on whole brain imaging underwent 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18 F]FDG) cPET/CT followed by fxPET and MRI. The registration differences between fxPET and MRI and between cPET and CT were compared by measuring spatial coordinates...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of planar 99m Tc-pyrophosphate (PYP) imaging at 1 and 3 h after tracer administration in patients with suspected transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) using SPECT as a reference standard. We also tested whether blood pool activity of PYP is associated with renal dysfunction. METHODS: PYP images of 109 consecutive patients with suspected ATTR-CA were retrospectively reviewed. The myocardial PYP uptake was visually graded on a scale of 0 to 3 and quantified with the heart-to-contralateral (H/CL) ratio in accordance with the current expert consensus recommendations...

BACKGROUND: For differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with thyroglobulin (Tg) elevation and negative iodine scintigraphy (commonly termed "TENIS" syndrome) after thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy, empirical RAI therapy may be considered. However, the outcome data of TENIS syndrome without structural disease after empirical RAI therapy have not shown clear evidence of improvement in survival. We assessed the efficacy of such empirical RAI therapy in TENIS syndrome without structural disease and evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS)...

OBJECTIVE: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare tumors arising from the neural crest cells that form the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Radiotherapy with [131 I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is recommended for unresectable PPGLs. We investigated the usefulness of the metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) derived from [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for predicting the prognosis of patients with unresectable PPGL(s) before receiving [131 I]MIBG therapy...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the incidence of renal scarring on technetium-99 m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy and the severity of renal parenchymal infections, such as acute pyelonephritis (APN), acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN), and renal abscess, based on computed tomography (CT) diagnosis. METHODS: Sixty-one children with renal parenchymal infections were included and classified into two groups: those with (renal scarring group) and without renal scarring (non-renal scarring group) on chronic-phase DMSA renal scintigraphy...

OBJECTIVE: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathological features, 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings, and prognosis of IMA of the lung, as well as to investigate the associations among these variables, to improve the management of such patients. METHODS: Clinicopathological and 18 F-FDG PET/CT characteristics of 72 patients with pathologically confirmed IMA of the lung were retrospectively collected and investigated, and their predictive efficacy on progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of fluroine-18 fluorodexyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) semi-quantitative parameter in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and to design a new staging system including 18 F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters for NDMM. METHODS: A total of 38 NDMM patients who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT examination in Yichang Central People's Hospital from February 2014 to April 2021 were collected...