Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

BACKGROUND: Penicillin (PCN) allergy is frequently mislabeled and inaccurately diagnosed in children. Successful implementation of pediatric emergency department (PED) delabeling efforts requires parental understanding and willingness for children to be delabeled as PCN non-allergic. OBJECTIVE: To describe parental perspective on allergy delabeling in the PED for children identified as low risk for true penicillin (PCN) allergy. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of parents of children with documented PCN allergy presenting to a single tertiary-care PED...

BACKGROUND: Prenatal antibiotic exposure and delivery mode may affect the gut microbiome in early life and influence the development of childhood asthma, but the combined effect of these two factors is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the individual and combined effects of prenatal antibiotic exposure and delivery mode on the development of asthma in children and the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. METHODS: A total of 789 children were enrolled from the Cohort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and Allergic Diseases (COCOA) birth cohort study...

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BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 10-20% of people living in industrialized nations leading to significant morbidity and large health care expenditures. Individualized high-dose, single species allergen immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating allergic rhinitis but can be associated with significant risks including anaphylaxis. Few studies have examined the safety and efficacy of universal low-dose multi-allergen immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of a universal, multi-allergen immunotherapy formula for the treatment of allergic rhinitis...

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BACKGROUND: Neural and remodelling mechanisms may play a role in asthma, particularly non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA). OBJECTIVE: To assess sputum mediators associated with neural, remodelling, and inflammatory mechanisms in eosinophilic asthma (EA), NEA, and non-asthmatics. METHODS: 111 participants with and 62 without asthma (14-21 years) underwent sputum induction, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), atopy, and spirometry tests. Twenty-four mediators were measured in sputum using ELISA or bead array...

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BACKGROUND: Type 2 inflammation is common in children with asthma. Dupilumab, a human antibody, blocks signaling of interleukin-4/-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation. In the VOYAGE (NCT02948959) study, dupilumab reduced severe asthma exacerbations and improved lung function in children aged 6-11 years with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma. OBJECTIVE: To assess pharmacokinetics of dupilumab and type 2 biomarker changes in children with type 2 asthma in VOYAGE...

Around 25%-50% of food-induced allergic reactions in adults causes anaphylaxis, and epidemiological evidence suggests that food is the most common cause of anaphylaxis. Reaction severity is unpredictable, and patients will often experience reactions of variable severity, even to an identical exposure (both dose and allergen). A common explanation for this phenomenon has been the impact of "cofactors" - factors which might contribute to reaction severity independent of the allergen exposure. Cofactors can influence reaction severity in two ways: either by reducing the reaction threshold (i...

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While much has been learned about SARS-CoV-2 since December of 2019, uneven global vaccine distribution, rapid viral spread and variant evasion of preventative measures has led to its persistence in the population for the foreseeable future. Additional therapies are needed to support patients through their acute, immune-mediated disease process that continues to lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Data demonstrating the involvement of type 2 immune pathway in acute COVID-19 and post recovery conditions represents a potential additional area for intervention...

BACKGROUND: The HDM sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablet is a treatment option for allergic rhinitis with/without conjunctivitis (AR/C) approved in adults worldwide and in adolescents in some countries. OBJECTIVE: The MT-18 trial was conducted in adolescents to supplement existing adolescent HDM SLIT-tablet safety data. METHODS: MT-18 (EUDRACT: :2020-000446-34) was a phase 3, open-label, single-arm, 28-day safety trial of daily HDM SLIT-tablet (12 SQ-HDM dose) in European adolescents (12-17 y) with HDM AR/C, with or without asthma...

BACKGROUND: Caring for patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE), especially rural patients, has challenges. OBJECTIVE: To confirm experiences of allergy and immunology health professionals in diagnosing and treating HAE patients, including those living in rural settings. METHODS: An online survey of 2996 members of a professional medical association was conducted April 13 through May 3, 2022. Eligible participants were associations members (physician, fellow, or allied health professional members) currently practicing allergy/immunology, in the United States, seeing or treating at least 1 patient with HAE yearly...

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BACKGROUND: Patients with severe asthma (SA) experience a high disease burden, often precipitated by exposure to disease triggers. OBJECTIVE: This analysis examined the prevalence and effects of patient-reported triggers on asthma disease burden in a cohort of subspecialist-treated patients with SA in the United States. METHODS: CHRONICLE is an observational study of adults with SA receiving biologics, maintenance systemic corticosteroids, or whose disease is uncontrolled on high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and additional controllers...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Numeracy is the mathematical knowledge required to understand and act upon instructions from healthcare providers. Whether persistently low parental numeracy is linked to childhood asthma exacerbations is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether low parental numeracy at two timepoints is associated with asthma exacerbations and worse lung function in Puerto Rican youth. METHODS: Prospective study of 225 youth with asthma in San Juan (PR) who participated in two visits ∼5...