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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940670/molecular-prevalence-of-microsporidia-infection-in-patients-with-lung-cancer
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ozlem Ulusan Bagci, Can Muftuoglu, Filiz Guldaval, Damla Serce Unat, Ufuk Mert, Gulru Polat, Seray Ozensoy Toz, Myeong Hee Moon, Ayse Caner
Infections are still among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with lung cancer, which has the highest rate of cancer-related deaths in the world. Microsporidia, which are opportunistic parasitic fungi, primarily localize to the intestine by ingestion but can disseminate to the respiratory tract or can be acquired by spore inhalation. Cancer patients are at higher risk for microsporidia, a life-threatening infection, than the normal population is. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of microsporidia infection for the first time by evaluating the intestinal and respiratory tracts of patients with lung cancer...
March 20, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940669/antimicrobial-prophylaxis-in-dentistry-survey-among-dental-surgeons-in-porto-alegre-brazil-and-the-metropolitan-region
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bethina S Sinhorelli, Sílvia D Oliveira
The irrational use of antimicrobial drugs has become a serious epidemiological problem due to the development of bacterial resistance, causing consequences for global health. In dentistry, antibiotics are the second most common pharmacological class prescribed. Thus, we evaluated the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis by dentists in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and the metropolitan region using an online questionnaire. Dentists were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire concerning antimicrobial prescription. The questionnaire was prepared on the Microsoft Forms platform and shared with dentists through social media and was available for a period of 40 days...
March 20, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940668/cost-effectiveness-of-expanding-access-to-primary-health-care-in-rural-rwanda-by-adding-laboratory-equipped-health-posts-a-prospective-controlled-study
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Donald S Shepard, Yara A Halasa-Rappel, Wu Zeng, Katharine R Rowlands, Sabine F Musange
To improve access to affordable primary health care and preventive services, in 2019 Rwanda's Ministry of Health inaugurated eight laboratory-equipped second-generation health posts (SGHPs) in the Bugesera District. Patient fees through Rwanda's insurance system (mutuelles) funded most operational costs through a public-private partnership. This prospective, controlled trial evaluated the posts' impact and cost-effectiveness. Our evaluation matched the rural cells containing these posts to eight control cells in Bugesera without formal health posts...
March 20, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940667/the-development-and-evaluation-of-a-combined-infection-rheumatology-assessment-service-in-response-to-the-chikungunya-fever-epidemic
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Krutikov, Joseph Donovan, Jonathan Lambourne, Coziana Ciurtin, Mike Brown, Robin Bailey, Jessica J Manson
The chikungunya virus is an arthritogenic alphavirus. Acute infection may be followed by persistent arthralgia, often causing significant functional impairment. The 2014-2015 chikungunya fever (CHIKF) epidemic resulted in a marked increase in cases presenting to rheumatology and tropical diseases services. A combined multidisciplinary rheumatology-tropical diseases service for assessment, management, and follow-up of patients with proven CHIKF and persistent (≥ 4 weeks) arthralgia was proposed and rapidly developed at The Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London...
March 20, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940666/clinical-characteristics-of-strongyloidiasis-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-systematic-scoping-review
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manasawee Tanariyakul, Bolin Chang, Koichi Keitoku, Marissa Su, Hideharu Hagiya, Yoshito Nishimura
The clinical impact of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection secondary to immunosuppressive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an emerging topic of interest, although characteristics of Strongyloides infection in COVID-19 patients are not yet well characterized. This study summarizes the existing evidence of Strongyloides infection in COVID-19 patients and recommends future areas of research. According to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we performed a search on MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles with keywords including "Strongyloides," "Strongyloidiasis," and "COVID-19" from the inception of these databases to June 5, 2022...
March 20, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940665/reporting-of-azithromycin-activity-against-clinical-isolates-of-extensively-drug-resistant-salmonella-enterica-serovar-typhi
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kokab Jabeen, Sidrah Saleem, Summiya Nizamuddin, Faiqa Arshad, Shah Jahan, Faisal Hasnain, Waleed Tariq, Muhammad Junaid Tahir, Zohaib Yousaf, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
This study aimed to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin (AZM) in clinical isolates of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi (i.e., resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporin) using the E-test versus the broth microdilution method (BMD). From January to June 2021, a retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Lahore, Pakistan. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed initially by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method for 150 XDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates, and MICs of all the recommended antibiotics were determined by the VITEK 2 (BioMérieux) fully automated system using Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) 2021 guidelines...
March 20, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36940664/refractory-sporotrichosis-caused-by-sporothrix-globosa
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiujiao Xia, Ze-Hu Liu, Hong Shen
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 20, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913931/case-report-an-unusual-case-of-subacute-sclerosing-panencephalitis-with-distinctive-clinical-and-neuroimaging-features
#8
Ravindra Kumar Garg, Shweta Pandey, Harish Nigam, D B Keerthiraj, Imran Rizvi, Neeraj Kumar, Ravi Uniyal, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Praveen Kumar Sharma
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a relentlessly progressive brain disorder with invariable mortality. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is common in measles-endemic areas. We report an unusual SSPE patient with distinctive clinical and neuroimaging features. A 9-year-old boy came with a 5-month history of spontaneously dropping objects from both hands. Subsequently, he developed mental decline, a loss of interest in his surroundings, decreased verbal output, and inappropriate crying and laughing along with generalized periodic myoclonus...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913930/high-prevalence-of-occult-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-among-iranian-hemodialysis-patients
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatemeh Farshadpour, Reza Taherkhani, Athar Shahabi
Considering the potential risks associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude and genotypic pattern of occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. All patients on regular hemodialysis attending the dialysis centers located in southern Iran and 277 nonhemodialysis controls were invited to participate in this study. Serum samples were tested for detection of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by competitive enzyme immunoassay and sandwich ELISA, respectively...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913929/emerging-maripa-hantavirus-as-a-potential-cause-of-a-severe-health-threat-in-french-guiana
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Séverine Matheus, Stéphanie Houcke, Guy Roger Lontsi Ngoula, Pablo Lecaros, Jean Marc Pujo, Nicolas Higel, Absetou Ba, Fabrice Cook, Patrick Djahi, Dabor Resiere, Didier Hommel, Anne Lavergne, Hatem Kallel
We describe the clinical parameters and management of nine confirmed cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reported in French Guiana since 2008. All patients were admitted to Cayenne Hospital. Seven patients were men and the mean age was 48 years (range, 19-71 years). Two phases characterized the disease. The prodromal phase was characterized by fever (77.8%), myalgia (66.7%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting and diarrhea; 55.6%) starting, on average, 5 days before the illness phase, which was characterized by respiratory failure in all patients...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913928/comparison-of-clinical-characteristics-and-peripheral-blood-tests-of-covid-19-and-influenza-b-patients
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shan Yu
This study aimed to investigate the differences in clinical features and routine peripheral blood testing between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and influenza B infection. Patients with COVID-19 and influenza B admitted to our fever clinic from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022 were recruited. A total of 607 patients were included (301 with COVID-19 infection and 306 with influenza B infection). The results of a statistical analysis showed that 1) patients with COVID-19 infection were older and had a lower temperature and shorter duration from fever onset to clinic visit than patients with influenza B infection; 2) apart from fever, viral infection symptoms appeared to be more common in patients with influenza B infection than in patients with COVID-19 infection, including sore throat, cough, muscle aches, weeping, headache, fatigue, and diarrhea (P < 0...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913927/case-report-cranial-tuberculosis-in-a-patient-without-tuberculosis-foci-elsewhere-in-the-body
#12
Yulin Cen, Jiaqi Li, Guiyuan Wang, Shenjie Li, Wei Xiang, Jie Zhou, Ligang Chen
Cranial tuberculosis is a relatively infrequent inflammatory reaction caused by tuberculous bacilli invading the skull. Most cases of cranial tuberculosis are secondary to tuberculosis foci in other parts of the body; primary cranial tuberculosis is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of primary cranial tuberculosis. A 50-year-old man presented to our hospital with a mass in the right frontotemporal region. Chest computed tomography and abdominal ultrasonography findings were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a mass in the right frontotemporal skull and scalp with cystic changes, adjacent bone destruction, and meningeal invasion...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913926/case-report-a-case-of-post-transplant-chagas-reactivation-after-negative-trypanosoma-cruzi-testing
#13
Omar Shakhtour, Tsion Aberra, Huzaifa Ahmad, Abhinav Saxena, Imad Isaac, Namratha Meda, Ritika Gadodia, Rachel Marcus
Patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy carry a significant risk of reactivation after heart transplantation. Reactivation of Chagas disease can lead to graft failure or systemic complications such as fulminant central nervous system disease and sepsis. As such, careful screening for Chagas seropositivity prior to transplant is crucial to preventing negative outcomes in the post-transplant setting. One challenge in screening these patients is the variety of laboratory tests available and their differing sensitivities and specificities...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913925/detection-of-sporadic-outbreaks-of-rift-valley-fever-in-uganda-through-the-national-viral-hemorrhagic-fever-surveillance-system-2017-2020
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luke Nyakarahuka, Shannon Whitmer, John Klena, Stephen Balinandi, Emir Talundzic, Alex Tumusiime, Jackson Kyondo, Sophia Mulei, Ketan Patel, Jimmy Baluku, Gloria Akurut, Diana Namanya, Kilama Kamugisha, Caitlin Cossaboom, Amy Whitesell, Carson Telford, James Graziano, Joel Montgomery, Stuart Nichol, Julius Lutwama, Trevor Shoemaker
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. Uganda has reported sporadic outbreaks of RVF in both humans and animals across the country, especially in the southwestern part of the "cattle corridor" through an established viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system. We report 52 human cases of laboratory-confirmed RVF from 2017 to 2020. The case fatality rate was 42%. Among those infected, 92% were males and 90% were adults (≥ 18 years). Clinical symptoms were characterized by fever (69%), unexplained bleeding (69%), headache (51%), abdominal pain (49%), and nausea and vomiting (46%)...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913924/quantitative-morphometry-and-machine-learning-model-to-explore-duodenal-and-rectal-mucosal-tissue-of-children-with-environmental-enteric-dysfunction
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marium Khan, Zehra Jamil, Lubaina Ehsan, Fatima Zulqarnain, Sanjana Srivastava, Saman Siddiqui, Philip Fernandes, Muhammad Raghib, Saurav Sengupta, Zia Mujahid, Zubair Ahmed, Romana Idrees, Sheraz Ahmed, Fayaz Umrani, Najeeha Iqbal, Christopher Moskaluk, Shyam Raghavan, Lin Cheng, Sean Moore, Syed Asad Ali, Junaid Iqbal, Sana Syed
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical enteropathy prevalent in resource-limited settings, hypothesized to be a consequence of chronic exposure to environmental enteropathogens, resulting in malnutrition, growth failure, neurocognitive delays, and oral vaccine failure. This study explored the duodenal and colonic tissues of children with EED, celiac disease, and other enteropathies using quantitative mucosal morphometry, histopathologic scoring indices, and machine learning-based image analysis from archival and prospective cohorts of children from Pakistan and the United States...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913923/impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-tuberculosis-testing-and-treatment-at-a-tertiary-hospital-in-zambia
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joelle I Rosser, Christabel Phiri, Juliette T Bramante, Sombo Fwoloshi, Chipepo Kankasa, Patrick Lungu, Raphael Chanda, Peter Chipimo, Lloyd Mulenga, Cassidy W Claassen, Duncan Chanda
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) testing and treatment have declined dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. We quantified the change in TB visits, testing, and treatment compared with a 12-month pre-pandemic baseline at the national referral hospital's TB Clinic in Lusaka, Zambia, in the first year of the pandemic. We stratified the results into early and later pandemic periods. In the first 2 months of the pandemic, the mean number of monthly TB clinic visits, prescriptions, and positive TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests decreased as follow: -94...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913922/quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction-from-malaria-rapid-diagnostic-tests-to-detect-borrelia-crocidurae-the-agent-of-tick-borne-relapsing-fever-in-febrile-patients-in-senegal
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ndiaye El Hadji Ibrahima, Georges Diatta, Diarra Adama Zan, Hubert Bassene, Cheikh Sokhna, Philippe Parola
In endemic malaria areas, Plasmodium is currently diagnosed mainly through the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, in Senegal, many causes of fever remain unknown. Tick-borne relapsing fever, an often-neglected public health problem, is the main cause of consultation for acute febrile illness after malaria and flu in rural areas. Our objective was to test the feasibility of extracting and amplifying DNA fragments by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) from malaria-negative RDTs for Plasmodium falciparum (malaria Neg RDTs P...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913921/lateral-flow-recombinase-polymerase-amplification-assays-for-the-detection-of-human-plasmodium-species
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meng Yee Lai, Mohd Abdul Hamid, Jenarun Jelip, Rose Nani Mudin, Yee Ling Lau
This study highlights the development of two lateral flow recombinase polymerase amplification assays for the diagnosis of human malaria. The lateral flow cassettes contained test lines that captured biotin-, 6-carboxyfluorescein, digoxigenin-, cyanine 5-, and dinitrophenyl-labeled amplicons. The overall process can be completed in 30 minutes. Recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral flow had a detection limit of 1 copy/µL for Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36913920/predictors-of-mortality-among-patients-hospitalized-with-covid-19-during-the-first-wave-in-india-a-multisite-case-control-study
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anand Krishnan, Rakesh Kumar, Ritvik Amarchand, Anant Mohan, Ravi Kant, Ankit Agarwal, Poorvi Kulshreshtha, Prasan Kumar Panda, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Neeraj Agarwal, Bijit Biswas, Rathish Nair, Naveet Wig, Rajesh Malhotra, Sushma Bhatnagar, Richa Aggarwal, Kapil Dev Soni, Nirupam Madan, Anjan Trikha, Pawan Tiwari, Angel Rajan Singh, Mukta Wyawahare, Venugopalan Gunasekaran, Dineshbabu Sekar, Sanjeev Misra, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Akhil Dhanesh Goel, Naveen Dutt, Deepak Kumar, Nitin M Nagarkar, Abhiruchi Galhotra, Atul Jindal, Utsav Raj, Ajoy Behera, Sabbah Siddiqui, Arun Kokane, Rajnish Joshi, Abhijit Pakhare, Farhan Farooque, Sai Pawan, Pradeep Deshmukh, Ranjan Solanki, Bharatsing Rathod, Vibha Dutta, Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra, Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, Sadananda Barik, Randeep Guleria
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 6 million deaths globally. Understanding predictors of mortality will help in prioritizing patient care and preventive approaches. This was a multicentric, unmatched, hospital-based case-control study conducted in nine teaching hospitals in India. Cases were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who died in the hospital during the period of study and controls were microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients who were discharged from the same hospital after recovery...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36878215/malaria-paradoxes-of-the-u-s-civil-war
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Dennis Shanks
The U.S. Civil War (1861-1865) pre-dated modern understanding of malaria. Yet, malarial diseases (remittent fever, intermittent fever, typho-malarial fever) were frequently reported as causes of morbidity and mortality in soldiers. Modern readers find Civil War-era descriptions of malaria contradictory or paradoxical. For example, although the concept of race-specific immunity to tropical diseases was widely accepted, malaria mortality rates were reportedly more than three times higher among Black than White Union soldiers (16/1,000/year versus 5/1,000/year)...
March 6, 2023: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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