American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Research on the placenta as the interface between the mother and the fetus has been undertaken for some 150 years and in two subsequent reviews, we attempted to summarize the situation. In the first part, we described the discovery of unique physiological modifications of uteroplacental spiral arteries enabling them to cope with a major increase in blood-flow necessary to ensure proper growth of the fetus. These consist of an invasion of the arterial walls by trophoblast and a progressive disappearance of its normal structure...

BACKGROUND: Detrimental lifestyle habits have been indicated as potential causes of reduced fertility. Recently, studies have suggested an association between healthy diets and increased live birth rates after assisted reproduction techniques (ART). However, the issue remains under debate, and evidence is still accumulating. OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between Mediterranean Diet and outcomes of ART in subfertile couples in an Italian population. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, conducted in an Italian Fertility Clinic...

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BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrating shorter survival among cervical cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive (MH) versus open radical hysterectomy (OH) could not account for surgeon volume and require confirmation in other jurisdictions with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up, and data on disease recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To determine if surgical approach is associated with oncologic outcomes in cervical cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive (MH) or open radical hysterectomy (OH), while accounting for mechanistic factors including surgeon volume...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Multiparity is associated with a greater risk of incident cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship of parity with cardiovascular health, as measured by the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 metrics, is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the association between parity and ideal cardiovascular health among 3,430 women, aged 45-84 years, free of clinical cardiovascular disease enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. However, no early detection test exists for asymptomatic women at average risk for endometrial cancer. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify early detection biomarkers for endometrial cancer using prediagnostic serum. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial (n=78,216), including 112 incident endometrial cancer cases and 112 controls...

BACKGROUD: An increasing number of original studies suggest that exposure to shift work and long working hours during pregnancy could be associated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the results remain conflicted and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To examine the influences of shift work and longer working hours during pregnancy on maternal and fetal health outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases and three gray literature sources were searched up to March 15, 2019...

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed during pregnancy. While the safety of most penicillins are well established, some controversy and uncertainty are associated with the use of other commonly prescribed antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of congenital malformations following first trimester in utero exposure to 10 commonly prescribed antibiotics in Denmark. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cohort study comprising all singleton liveborn children in Denmark between 2000 and 2015...

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OBJECTIVE: The reported incidence of combined twin delivery [vaginal delivery (VD) of twin A followed by cesarean section (CS) for twin B] ranges between 5-10%. These estimates are based mostly on small studies or retrospective data. We aimed to evaluate to incidence and risk factors for, and outcomes of combined twin deliveries, using a sub-analysis of the Twin Birth Study (TBS): a randomized, controlled, prospective study. STUDY DESIGN: The TBS included women with twin gestation between 32+0 to 38+6 weeks gestational age, with the first twin in vertex presentation at randomization...

BACKGROUND: Precise understanding of structures comprising female external genitalia is essential in obstetric and gynecologic practice. OBJECTIVES: To further characterize anatomy, histology, and nerve density of the clitoris and associated structures and to provide clinical correlations to vulvar surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Unembalmed female cadavers were examined. Length and width of body, glans and crura of clitoris were measured. Distances from glans to urethra and from dorsal surface of clitoral body to mid pubic arch were recorded...

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that same-day discharge after minimally invasive gynecologic and pelvic reconstructive surgery is safe, cost effective, and does not result in increased readmissions when compared to inpatient surgery. However, few studies have assessed patient satisfaction with same-day discharge after minimally invasive gynecologic and pelvic reconstructive surgery. Increased knowledge of patients' values allows for evidence-based, patient-centered perioperative care and guides perioperative counseling...