American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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BACKGROUND: Zambia's total fertility rate (5 births per woman) and adult HIV prevalence (11.5%) are among the highest in the world, with heterosexual couples being the most affected group. Jointly counseling and testing couples for HIV has reduced up to 58% of new HIV infections in Zambian clinics. Married women using contraceptives in Zambia have a high (20%) unmet need for family planning and low (8.6%) uptake of cost-effective long-acting reversible contraceptives. We present an integrated counseling, testing and family planning program to prevent HIV and unplanned pregnancy in Zambia...

BACKGROUND: Prescribing information for the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system allows placement when the clinician is reasonably certain the patient is not pregnant. A six-item checklist aids clinicians in determining pregnancy risk, but may be too restrictive, resulting in delaying placement for many women. Same-day placement, however, may risk placement during an unrecognized luteal-phase pregnancy, that is, a pre-implantation fertilized ovum not yet detectable by urine pregnancy test...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: In 2014, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Imaging Workshop consensus recommended that sonograms be offered routinely to all pregnant women. In the absence of another indication, this examination is recommended at 18 to 22 weeks of gestation. Studies of anomaly detection often focus on pregnancies at risk for anomalies and on the yield of detailed sonography - topics less applicable to counseling low-risk pregnancies about the benefits and limitations of standard sonography...

BACKGROUND: Although induction of labor (IOL) of low-risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks reduces the risk of cesarean delivery compared with expectant management, concern regarding more frequent use of labor induction remains given that this intervention historically has been thought to incur greater resource utilization. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether planned elective labor induction at 39 weeks among low-risk nulliparous women, compared with expectant management, was associated with differences in health care resource utilization from the time of randomization through 8 weeks postpartum...

BACKGROUND: Although in 2013 the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended early screening for gestational diabetes in obese women, no studies demonstrate an improvement in perinatal outcomes with this strategy. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if early screening for gestational diabetes improves perinatal outcomes in obese women. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial comparing early gestational diabetes screening (14-20 weeks) to routine screening (24-28 weeks) in obese women (BMI≥30 kg/m2 ) at two tertiary care centers in the US...

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BACKGROUND: Treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia remove pre-cancerous cells from the cervix by excising or ablating the transformation zone. Most studies show no association between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treatments and fertility outcomes. However, only two studies have examined time-to-pregnancy, both using retrospective study designs, with one showing no association and the other showing a two-fold increased risk of infertility (time-to-pregnancy>12 months) following excisional or ablative treatment...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are smooth muscle neoplasms of the myometrial layer of the uterus and the most common benign tumors in women. Although their etiology is still unclear, progenitor cells (PCs) seem to be implicated. OBJECTIVE(S): To identify the dysregulated pathways involved in leiomyoma onset by microRNA (miRNA) profiling of PCs isolated from normal myometrium and leiomyoma tissue. STUDY DESIGN: Pairs of normal myometrium and uterine fibroid specimens were collected from 12 myomectomy patients...

OBJECTIVE: Vasomotor symptoms are common among postmenopausal women and patients receiving hormone deprivation therapies, and emerging studies are exploring gabapentin's and pregabalin's effects as non-hormonal treatment options. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of these two drugs. DATA SOURCES: Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO-CRD42019133650), we searched 10 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials...

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Krempasky et al's article on the contraceptive needs of transmasculine individuals overstates pregnancy risk in those maintained on testosterone, creating potential barriers to care.

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.