American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Frequent and severe vasomotor symptoms during menopause are linked with adverse health outcomes. Understanding modifiable lifestyle factors for the risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms is important to guide preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations between body mass index and smoking, and their joint effects with the risk of vasomotor symptoms, and whether the associations differed by menopausal stage. STUDY DESIGN: The International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events pooled data on 21,460 midlife women from eight studies (median age 50 years, interquartile range 49-51 years) for the cross-sectional analysis...

BACKGROUND: An imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors is thought to be a central pathogenetic mechanism in preeclampsia. In pregnancies that subsequently develop preeclampsia the maternal serum concentration of the angiogenic placental growth factor (PLGF) is decreased from as early as the first trimester of pregnancy and the concentration of the antiangiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) is increased in the last few weeks before the clinical presentation of the disease...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present systematic review is to evaluate the available medical treatments for vulvar lichen sclerosus, using an arm based network meta-analysis protocol. DATA SOURCES: We searched Medline (1966-2019), Scopus (2004-2019), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL (1999-2019) and Clinicaltrials.gov (2008-2019) databases. Google Scholar (2004-2019) database, along with the reference list of all included studies. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All observational, randomized and single arm studies that evaluated medical treatments for vulvar lichen sclerosus were considered eligible for inclusion in the present systematic review...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have higher rates of abnormal cervical and vaginal cytology and, subsequently, of cervical and vaginal cancers. While professional bodies currently advocate for indefinite cytology screening for women living with HIV, these recommendations are based on expert opinion, not evidence-based. In the general population, women who have never had an abnormal cytology result can cease screening at age 65. This is due to the relatively low incidence of dysplasia in this group and the risk of false-positive results as women age, invasive follow-up testing, and destructive treatments of lesions that are unlikely to progress to cancer...

BACKGROUND: Uterine fibroids may decrease quality of life in a significant proportion of affected women. Myomectomy offers a uterine-sparing treatment option for patients with uterine fibroids that can be performed abdominally, laparoscopically (with or without robotic assistance), and by hysteroscopy. Quality of life using validated measures for different myomectomy routes, especially hysteroscopic myomectomy, is limited. OBJECTIVE: To compare women's perception of their short-term health-related quality of life measures and reported time to return to usual activities and return to work for different routes of myomectomy...

BACKGROUND: Pelvic lymph node metastasis carries the highest impact on decreased survival among surgical-pathological risk factors for early-stage cervical cancer. While concurrent administration of chemotherapy during postoperative radiotherapy is the current standard treatment for surgically-treated high-risk early-stage cervical cancer, its effectiveness specific to node-positive disease has not been completely studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the use of concurrent chemotherapy and survival in women with early-stage cervical cancer and nodal metastasis receiving adjuvant radiotherapy...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway at the time of cesarean birth would permit a reduction in postoperative length of stay and improve postoperative patient satisfaction compared to standard perioperative care (SC). STUDY DESIGN: Patients undergoing nonemergent cesarean delivery at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation were randomized to ERAS or SC. ERAS involved multiple evidence-based interventions bundled into one protocol...

BACKGROUND: The composition of bacteria within the vaginal microbiome has garnered a lot of recent attention and has been associated with reproductive health and disease. Despite the common occurrence of yeast (primarily Candida) within the vaginal microbiome, there is still an incomplete picture of relationships between yeast and bacteria (especially lactobacilli), as well as how such associations are governed. Such relationships could be important to a more holistic understanding of the vaginal microbiome and its connection to reproductive health...

BACKGROUND: Only a few small studies compared the two-step method (biopsy followed by treatment) with see-and-treat (immediate treatment) in women with both low-grade or high-grade referral cytology. The clinical practice variation in the Netherlands has not been reviewed before. OBJECTIVES: To determine overtreatment rates in the two-step versus see-and-treat approach in women referred for colposcopy because of abnormal cytology and to evaluate clinical practice variation in the Netherlands...

In order to explain the pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse, we must first understand the complexities of the normal support structures of the uterus and vagina. In this review, we focus on the apical ligaments, which include the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments. The aims of this review are the following: 1) to provide an overview of the anatomy and histology of the ligaments; 2) to summarize the imaging and biomechanical studies of the ligament properties and the way they relate to anterior and posterior vaginal wall prolapse; and 3) to synthesize these findings into a conceptual model for the progression of prolapse...

BACKGROUND: The relative impact of age, pregnancy and vaginal delivery on symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse is still an unresolved issue that involves the controversial question about the protective effect of cesarean section. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the age-related prevalence of symptomatic genital prolapse in nulliparous, vaginal and cesarean delivered women aged 40 to 64 years. STUDY DESIGN: This Swedish, nationwide matched cohort study involved 14,335 women...

BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality rates in the United States appear to be increasing. One potential reason may be increased identification of maternal deaths after the addition of a pregnancy checkbox to the death certificate. In 2016, four state health departments (Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio) implemented a pregnancy checkbox quality assurance pilot, with technical assistance provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The pilot aimed to improve accuracy of the pregnancy checkbox on death certificates and resultant state maternal mortality estimates...

BACKGROUND: Several states require that abortions be provided in ambulatory surgery centers. Supporters of such laws argue that they make abortions safer, yet previous studies have found no differences in abortion-related morbidities or adverse events for abortions performed in ambulatory surgery centers versus office-based settings. However, little is known about how costs of abortions provided in ambulatory surgery centers differ from those provided in office-based settings. OBJECTIVE: To compare healthcare expenditures for abortions performed in ambulatory surgery centers versus office-based settings using a large national private insurance claims database...

BACKGROUND: Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been associated with an increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the association of risk with IVF treatment parameters is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by maternal fertility status, and IVF treatment parameters. STUDY DESIGN: Women in 8 States who underwent IVF resulting in a live birth during 2004 through 2013 were linked to their infant's birth certificates...