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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ikhan Kim, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young-Ho Khang
The purpose of this study was to assess the precision, uncertainty, and normality of small-area life expectancy estimates calculated using Bayesian spatio-temporal models. We hypothesized six scenarios in which all 247 districts of Korea had the same year-specific female population of 500, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 25,000 individuals during the study period (2013-2017). We generated 1,000 hypothetical datasets for each scenario and calculated district-year life expectancies. The precision and uncertainty of life expectancy estimates were compared between the two Bayesian spatio-temporal models and the traditional method and Bayesian spatial models...
March 24, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily A Knapp, Amii M Kress, Corette B Parker, Grier P Page, Kristen McArthur, Kennedy K Gachigi, Akram N Alshawabkeh, Judy L Aschner, Theresa M Bastain, Carrie V Breton, Casper G Bendixsen, Patricia A Brennan, Nicole R Bush, Claudia Buss, Carlos A Camargo, Diane Catellier, José F Cordero, Lisa Croen, Dana Dabelea, Sean Deoni, Viren D'Sa, Cristiane S Duarte, Anne L Dunlop, Amy J Elliott, Shohreh F Farzan, Assiamira Ferrara, Jody M Ganiban, James E Gern, Angelo P Giardino, Nissa R Towe-Goodman, Diane R Gold, Rima Habre, Ghassan B Hamra, Tina Hartert, Julie B Herbstman, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Alison E Hipwell, Margaret R Karagas, Catherine J Karr, Kate Keenan, Jean M Kerver, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Bryan Lau, Barry M Lester, Leslie D Leve, Bennett Leventhal, Kaja Z LeWinn, Johnnye Lewis, Augusto A Litonjua, Kristen Lyall, Juliette C Madan, Cindy T McEvoy, Monica McGrath, John D Meeker, Rachel L Miller, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Jenae M Neiderhiser, Thomas G O'Connor, Emily Oken, Michael O'Shea, Nigel Paneth, Christina A Porucznik, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Susan L Schantz, Eliot R Spindel, Joseph B Stanford, Annemarie Stroustrup, Susan L Teitelbaum, Leonardo Trasande, Heather Volk, Pathik D Wadhwa, Scott T Weiss, Tracey J Woodruff, Rosalind J Wright, Qi Zhao, Lisa P Jacobson, On Behalf Of Program Collaborators For Environmental Influences On Child Health Outcomes
The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)-wide Cohort Study (EWC), a collaborative research design comprising 69 cohorts in 31 consortia, was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2016 to improve children's health in the United States. The EWC harmonizes extant data and collects new data using a standardized protocol, the ECHO-wide Cohort data Collection Protocol (EWCP). EWCP visits occur at least once per life stage, but the frequency and timing of the visits vary across cohorts...
March 24, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Leung, Anna M Modest, Michele R Hacker, Blair J Wylie, Yaguang Wei, Joel Schwartz, Hari S Iyer, Jaime E Hart, Brent A Coull, Francine Laden, Marc G Weisskopf, Stefania Papatheodorou
Previous studies have examined the association between prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-a traffic emissions tracer-and fetal growth based on ultrasound measures. Yet, most have used exposure assessment methods with low temporal resolution, which limits the identification of critical exposure windows given that pregnancy is relatively short. Here, we used NO2 data from an ensemble model linked to residential addresses at birth to fit distributed lag models that estimated the association between weekly-resolved NO2 exposure and ultrasound biometric parameters in a Massachusetts-based cohort of 9,446 singleton births from 2011-2016...
March 24, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauren C Zalla, Catherine R Lesko
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 23, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 23, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristo Miettinen
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 23, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Maria Glymour, Marie-Laure Charpignon, Yea-Hung Chen, Mathew Kiang
Peer-reviewed journals provide an invaluable but inadequate vehicle for scientific communication. Preprints are now an essential complement to peer-reviewed publications. Eschewing preprints will slow scientific progress and reduce the public health impact of epidemiologic research. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted long-standing limitations of the peer-review process. Preprint servers, such as bioRxiv and medRxiv, served as crucial venues to rapidly disseminate research and provide detailed backup to sound-bite science that is often communicated through the popular press or social media...
March 23, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jana Zibolenová, Henrieta Hudečková, Zuzana Chladná, Eva Malobická, Martin Novák, Iveta Waczulíková, Ján Mikas, Adriana Mečochová
The aim of this study was to quantify waning rates from seroprevalence data collected in a study of population with a high vaccination coverage and fixed vaccination schedule. Data were collected during the national Immunologic Survey in the Slovak Republic in 2018. The average waning rate after the first dose (age 1.5 - 10 years) is 9.7% per year from the geometric mean titre (GMT) value 2634 mUI/ml. The average waning rate after the second dose (age 10 - 33 years) is significantly lower, 4.8% per year from the lower GMT value 1331 mUI/ml...
March 17, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anabelle Wong, Sarah C Kramer, Marco Piccininni, Jessica L Rohmann, Tobias Kurth, Sylvie Escolano, Ulrike Grittner, Matthieu Domenech de Cellès
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) protect against diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, such as meningitis, bacteremia, and pneumonia. It is challenging to estimate their population-level impact due to the lack of a perfect control population and the subtleness of signals when the endpoint - like all-cause pneumonia - is non-specific. Here we present a new approach to estimate PCVs' impact - using LASSO regression to select variables in a synthetic control model to predict the counterfactual outcome for vaccine impact inference...
March 17, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar, Matías Irarrázaval
In their article "Black people and White people respond differently to social capital: what racial differential item functioning reveals for racial health equity", Villalonga-Olives E. et al. (1) examined the psychometric properties of social capital indicators, comparing Black and White people to identify whether there is Differential Item Functioning (DIF) in social capital by race, and also when stratified by educational attainment, as a measure of socioeconomic status. The authors tested whether there is DIF in social capital items between Black and White people and found that DIF across these items were significant although not large, but they were still indicative of measurement error, which they alluded to be related to the way these items were developed-i...
March 16, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Villalonga-Olives, K R Majercak, W Wang, L T Dean, Y Ransome
Social capital has been conceptualized as features of social organization such as networks, and norms that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit. Because of long-standing anti-Black structural oppression in the US, social capital may be associated with health differently for Black people than for other racial/ethnic groups. Our aim was to examine the psychometric properties of social capital indicators, comparing Black and White people to identify whether there is Differential Item Functioning(DIF) in social capital by race...
March 16, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yusuf Ransome, Ester Villalonga-Olives
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 16, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Galit Levi Dunietz, Kerby Shedden, Kara A Michels, Ronald D Chervin, Xiru Lyu, Joshua R Freeman, Ana Baylin, Louise M O'Brien, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Enrique F Schisterman, Sunni L Mumford
Variability in sleep duration and cardiovascular health have been infrequently investigated, particularly among reproductive-age women. We examined these associations across the menstrual cycle among a cohort of 250 healthy premenopausal women, aged 18-44y. The BioCycle study had collected cardiovascular biomarkers (serum high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL,LDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein(CRP)) at key time points along the menstrual cycle (follicular, ovulatory, luteal phases)...
March 16, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Jacob L Haapala, Heather S Lipkind, Malini B DeSilva, Jingyi Zhu, Matthew F Daley, Darios Getahun, Nicola P Klein, Kimberly K Vesco, Stephanie A Irving, Jennifer C Nelson, Joshua T B Williams, Simon J Hambidge, James Donahue, Candace C Fuller, Eric S Weintraub, Christine Olson, Elyse O Kharbanda
In the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), we previously reported no association between COVID-19 vaccination in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion (SAB). The current study aims to understand how time since vaccine roll-out or other methodologic factors could affect results. Using a case-control design and generalized estimating equations, we estimated the odds ratios (OR) of COVID-19 vaccination in the 28 days before a SAB or last date of the surveillance period (index date) in ongoing pregnancies and occurrence of SAB, across cumulative 4-week periods from December 2020 through June 2021...
March 16, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Jetsupphasuk, Michael G Hudgens, Haidong Lu, Stephen R Cole, Jessie K Edwards, Adaora A Adimora, Keri N Althoff, Michael J Silverberg, Peter F Rebeiro, Viviane D Lima, Vincent C Marconi, Timothy R Sterling, Michael A Horberg, M John Gill, Mari M Kitahata, Richard D Moore, Raynell Lang, Kelly Gebo, Charles Rabkin, Joseph J Eron
In first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, some subgroups of patients may respond better to an efavirenz (EFV)-based regimen compared to an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)-based regimen, or vice versa, due to patient characteristics modifying treatment effects. Using data based on nearly 16,000 patients from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design from 2009 to 2016, statistical methods for precision medicine were employed to estimate an optimal treatment rule that minimizes the 5-year risk of the composite outcome of AIDS-defining illnesses, serious non-AIDS events, and all-cause mortality...
March 15, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taito Kitano, David A Thompson, Lilly Engineer, Matthew Dudley, Daniel A Salmon
The replacement with the Omicron mutant variant raised the importance of re-evaluating risk and benefit of COVID-19 vaccines. With a decision tree model, the benefit-risk ratio and the benefit-risk difference of receiving monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (primary 2-doses, a third dose and a fourth dose) in the 4-5 months after vaccination were calculated using quality-adjusted life years. The analysis was stratified by age, sex and the presence of comorbidities. Evidence from peer-reviewed publications and gray literature was used to inform the study...
March 14, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allen J Wilcox
Barker has hypothesized that low birthweight (LBW) is the result of inadequate fetal nutrition leading to cardiovascular disease in the offspring (CVD). This hypothesis has stimulated thousands of reports on low birthweight (LBW) and CVD risk. One problem with this associationis that many LBW infants are small because they are preterm, not growth restricted. A second problem is that maternal CVD risk factors confound the association. Lu and Yu and colleagues (XXXX;XXX(XX):XXX-XXX) address both concerns. Using population data from Sweden and Denmark, the authors estimate incident CVD in offspring among those small for gestational age (SGA)...
March 13, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ichiro Kawachi
In weighing the question of whether AJE should accept preprints that have received press coverage, we need to keep in mind three sets of interests: the public interest, the publisher's interest, and the author's interest. During public health emergencies, such as a pandemic, the author's interests (rapid communication of scientific findings to the public) are aligned with the public interest (learning about life-saving information as early as possible). However, the interests of different parties are not always aligned...
March 10, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer A Hutcheon, Robert W Platt
The inherent correlation between the total amount of weight gained in pregnancy and the duration of pregnancy creates major methodological challenges in the study of pregnancy weight gain. In this issue (Am J Epidemiol. 2023;XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX), Richards et al. examine the extent to which different measures of pregnancy weight gain (including covariate adjustment for gestational age and standardizing weight gain for gestational duration using a pregnancy weight gain chart) are able to disentangle the effects of low weight gain on perinatal health from the role of younger gestational age at delivery for three outcomes: small-for-gestational-age birth, cesarean delivery, and low birthweight...
March 10, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ellicott C Matthay, Rose M C Kagawa
In the last 30 years, 25 US states have relaxed laws regulating the concealed carrying of firearms (CCW laws). These changes may have substantial impacts on violent crime. Doucette and colleagues (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;XX(YY):PP-pp) used a synthetic control approach to assess the effects of shifting from more restrictive "May/No-Issue" to less restrictive "Shall-Issue" CCW laws on homicides, aggravated assaults, and robberies involving a gun or by other means. The study adds to the evidence that more permissive CCW laws have likely increased firearm assault in states adopting these laws...
March 9, 2023: American Journal of Epidemiology
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