AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology

Background: Neurologic sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 include potentially malignant cerebrovascular events arising from complex hemodynamic, hematologic, and inflammatory processes occurring in concert. Objective: This study concerns the hypothesis that, despite angiographic reperfusion, COVID-19 promotes continued consumption of at-risk tissue volumes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) unlike what is seen with COVID-negative individuals, yielding critical insights into prognostication and monitoring paradigms in vaccine-naïve patients experiencing AIS...

Background: Patients with cancer undergo frequent CT examinations using iodinated contrast media and may be uniquely predisposed to contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI). Objective: To develop and validate a model for predicting the risk of CA-AKI after contrast-enhanced CT in patients with cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included 25,184 adult patients (mean age, 62.3±13.7 years; 12,153 men, 13,031 women) with cancer who underwent 46,593 contrast-enhanced CT scans between January 1, 2016 and June 20, 2020 at one of three academic medical centers...

Paid family and medical leave (FML) has significant benefits to organizations, including improvements in employee recruitment and retention, workplace culture, and employee morale and productivity, and is supported by evidence for overall cost savings. Furthermore, paid FML related to childbirth has significant benefits to individuals and families including but not limited to improved maternal and infant health outcomes and improved breastfeeding initiation and duration. In the case of paid non-childbearing parental leave, paid FML is associated with more equitable long-term division of household labor and childcare...

Dual-energy CT has expanded the potential of thoracic imaging in both children and adults. Data processing allows material- and energy-specific reconstructions, which improve material differentiation and tissue characterization compared to single-energy CT. Material-specific reconstructions include iodine, virtual non-enhanced, perfusion blood volume, and lung vessel images, which can improve assessment of vascular, mediastinal, and parenchymal abnormalities. The energy-specific reconstruction algorithm allows virtual mono-energetic reconstructions, including low-energy images to increase iodine conspicuity and high-energy images to reduce beam-hardening and metal artifacts...

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Background: Antithrombic therapy (AT) is commonly temporarily discontinued before breast core-needle biopsy (CNB), introducing risks of thrombotic events and diagnostic delay. Objective: To compare the frequency of postbiopsy bleeding events between patients without AT use, patients temporarily discontinuing AT, and patients maintaining AT, during breast CNB. Methods: This retrospective study included 5302 patients (median age, 52 years) who underwent image-guided breast or axillary CNB between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019...

Background: A 5-tiered CT algorithm was proposed in 2022 for predicting whether a small (cT1a) solid renal mass represents clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Purpose: To perform an external-validation study of the proposed CT algorithm for diagnosis of ccRCC among small solid renal masses. Methods: This retrospective study included 93 patients [median age, 62 years; 42 women, 51 men] with 97 small solid renal masses on corticomedullary-phase contrast-enhanced CT performed between January 2012 and July 2022 that underwent surgical resection...

MR elastography (MRE), first described in 1995 and FDA-cleared in 2009, has emerged as an important tool for non-invasively detecting and staging liver fibrosis in patients with known or suspected chronic liver disease. This review focuses on a series of practical questions about the clinical use of MRE. Most head-to-head comparison studies with other laboratory and imaging-based tests have concluded that MRE has the highest diagnostic performance among tests for staging liver fibrosis. Limitations in the accuracy of biopsy as a standard of truth in staging liver fibrosis are increasingly being recognized...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

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Background: Estimation of fractional flow reserve (FFR) from coronary CTA (FFR-CT) is an established method to assess coronary lesions' hemodynamic significance. However, clinical implementation has progressed slowly, partly related to offsite data transfer with long turnaround times while awaiting results. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FFR-CT computed onsite with a high-speed deep-learning based algorithm, using invasive hemodynamic indices as reference standard. Methods: This retrospective study included 59 patients (46 men, 13 women; mean age 66...

Background: Observation periods after renal mass biopsy range from 1 hour to overnight hospitalization. Short observation may improve efficiency by allowing use of the same recovery bed and other resources for RMBs in additional patients. Objective: To evaluate the frequency, timing, and nature of complications after RMB, as well as to identify characteristics associated with such complications. Methods: This retrospective study included 576 patients (mean age, 64.9 years; 345 men, 231 women) who underwent percutaneous ultrasound- or CT-guided RMB at one of three hospitals, performed by 22 different radiologists, between January 1, 2008 and June 1, 2020...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.