Interleukin-8 predicts 60-day mortality in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictiveness of circulating interleukin (IL)-8 for 60-day mortality in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

BACKGROUND: NEC affects up to 5% of premature infants and remains a leading cause of mortality among neonates.

METHODS: A total of 113 infants with surgically (n=50) or medically (n=63) treated NEC were retrospectively analyzed. Laboratory parameters including serum IL-8 were assessed at the diagnosis of NEC and during the preoperative workup.

RESULTS: The 60-day mortality was 19% (22/113), 10% (6/63) in medical and 33% (16/50) in surgical NEC. IL-8 levels significantly correlated with 60-day mortality (odds ratio: 1.38; CI 1.14-1.67; p=0.001). Median IL-8 levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in neonates who were later treated surgically (median=2625 pg/ml; range: 27-7500) compared with those treated medically (median=156 pg/ml; range: 5-7500; p<0.001). The AUC to discriminate between medical and surgical NEC was 0.82 (CI, 0.74-0.90), and an exploratory IL-8 cutoff point could be established at 1783 pg/ml (sensitivity of 90.5%; specificity of 59.2%).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings that serum IL-8 (i) correlates directly with 60-day mortality and (ii) differs significantly between medically and surgically treated infants may change the process of therapeutic decision making in NEC.