[Adult-onset ataxias].

Adult-onset ataxias are clinically and etiologically heterogeneous disorders affecting the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent connections. Early symptoms are usually a progressive ataxia of gait and stance, followed by limb ataxia, cerebellar dysarthria and oculomotor disturbances. In addition, various neurological and non-neurological symptoms may occur. Hereditary, acquired, and sporadic degenerative ataxias are distinguished. A detailed medical history and clinical examination as well as cranial magnetic resonance imaging are essential for the diagnostic work-up; however, specific biochemical or genetic tests are often required to make a definitive diagnosis. Besides rehabilitative therapies, specific drugs or dietary recommendations are available for some types of ataxia. An early and precise diagnosis is important to avoid redundant diagnostics and for counselling of patients and their relatives.