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Curated articles in critical care medicine.

https://read.qxmd.com/read/39254735/management-of-cardiogenic-shock-state-of-the-art
#1
REVIEW
Christian Jung, Raphael Romano Bruno, Marwan Jumean, Susanna Price, Konstantin A Krychtiuk, Kollengode Ramanathan, Josef Dankiewicz, John French, Clement Delmas, Alexandra-Arias Mendoza, Holger Thiele, Sabri Soussi
The management of cardiogenic shock is an ongoing challenge. Despite all efforts and tremendous use of resources, mortality remains high. Whilst reversing the underlying cause, restoring/maintaining organ perfusion and function are cornerstones of management. The presence of comorbidities and preexisting organ dysfunction increases management complexity, aiming to integrate the needs of vital organs in each individual patient. This review provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary literature regarding the definition and classification of cardiogenic shock, its pathophysiology, diagnosis, laboratory evaluation, and monitoring...
September 10, 2024: Intensive Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/39358503/comparative-efficacy-and-safety-of-external-ventricular-drains-and-intraparenchymal-pressure-monitors-for-intracranial-pressure-monitoring-in-traumatic-brain-injury-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#2
REVIEW
Luis A Marin-Castañeda, Rolando A Gómez-Villarroel, Geronimo Pacheco Aispuro, Nadia Palomera-Garfias, Niels Pacheco-Barrios, Valery M Sandoval-Orellana, Pavel S Pichardo-Rojas
In the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracranial pressure monitoring (ICPm) is crucial for the timely management of severe cases that show rapid neurological deterioration. External ventricular drains (EVDs) and intraparenchymal pressure monitors (IPMs) are the primary methods used in this setting; however, the debate over their comparative efficacy persists, primarily because of reliance on observational study data. This underscores the need for a meta-analysis to guide clinical decision-making...
October 2, 2024: Neurocritical Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/39227076/clinical-review-of-non-invasive-ventilation
#3
REVIEW
Gerard J Criner, Shameek Gayen, Massa Zantah, Eduardo Dominguez Castillo, Mario Naranjo-Tovar, Bilal Lashari, Seyedmohammad Pourshahid, Andrew Gangemi
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the mainstay to treat patients who need augmentation of ventilation for acute and chronic forms of respiratory failure. The last several decades has witnessed an extension of the indications for NIV to a variety of acute and chronic lung diseases. Evolving advancements in technology and personalised approaches to patient care make it feasible to prioritise patient centered care models that deliver home-based management using telemonitoring and telemedicine systems support. These trends may improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from chronic diseases that precipitate respiratory failure...
September 3, 2024: European Respiratory Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38871680/magnesium-biology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jana L Kröse, Jeroen H F de Baaij
Magnesium (Mg2+) is essential for energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and neurotransmission. As part of the Mg-ATP complex, it is involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions. Serum Mg2+ levels are tightly regulated between 0.7 mmol/L and 1.1 mmol/L by interplay of intestinal absorption and renal excretion. In the small intestine, Mg2+ is absorbed paracellularly via claudin-2, and -12. In the colon, transcellular absorption of Mg2+ is facilitated by TRPM6/7 and CNNM4. In the kidney, the proximal tubule reabsorbs only 20% of the filtered Mg2+...
June 13, 2024: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38963339/managing-the-open-abdomen-selecting-an-appropriate-treatment-strategy
#5
REVIEW
Pablo Ottolino
Significance: The laparotomy is a common surgical procedure with a wide range of indications. Ideally, once the goals of surgery were achieved, the incision edges could then be approximated and the abdomen primarily closed. However, in some circumstances, it may be impossible to achieve primary closure, and instead the abdomen is intentionally left open. This review discusses the indications and objectives for the open abdomen (OA), summarizes the most common techniques for temporary abdominal closure, and illustrates treatment algorithms grounded in the current recommendations from specialty experts...
August 2024: Advances in Wound Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38963533/the-use-of-guyton-s-approach-to-the-control-of-cardiac-output-for-clinical-fluid-management
#6
REVIEW
Sheldon Magder
Infusion of fluids is one of the most common medical acts when resuscitating critically ill patients. However, fluids most often are given without consideration of how fluid infusion can actually improve tissue perfusion. Arthur Guyton's analysis of the circulation was based on how cardiac output is determined by the interaction of the factors determining the return of blood to the heart, i.e. venous return, and the factors that determine the output from the heart, i.e. pump function. His theoretical approach can be used to understand what fluids can and cannot do...
July 4, 2024: Annals of Intensive Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38553663/management-of-cardiogenic-shock-a-narrative-review
#7
REVIEW
Driss Laghlam, Sarah Benghanem, Sofia Ortuno, Nadia Bouabdallaoui, Stephane Manzo-Silberman, Olfa Hamzaoui, Nadia Aissaoui
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is characterized by low cardiac output and sustained tissue hypoperfusion that may result in end-organ dysfunction and death. CS is associated with high short-term mortality, and its management remains challenging despite recent advances in therapeutic options. Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary team-based management have demonstrated favourable effects on outcomes. We aimed to review evidence-based practices for managing patients with ischemic and non-ischemic CS, detailing the multi-organ supports needed in this critically ill patient population...
March 30, 2024: Annals of Intensive Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468316/the-diagnostic-accuracy-of-cardiac-ultrasound-for-acute-myocardial-ischemia-in-the-emergency-department-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#8
REVIEW
Virginia Zarama, María Camila Arango-Granados, Ramiro Manzano-Nunez, James P Sheppard, Nia Roberts, Annette Plüddemann
BACKGROUND: Chest pain is responsible for millions of visits to the emergency department (ED) annually. Cardiac ultrasound can detect ischemic changes, but varying accuracy estimates have been reported in previous studies. We synthetized the available evidence to yield more precise estimates of the accuracy of cardiac ultrasound for acute myocardial ischemia in patients with chest pain in the ED and to assess the effect of different clinical characteristics on test accuracy. METHODS: A systematic search for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac ultrasound for myocardial ischemia in the ED was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, two trial registries and supplementary methods, from inception to December 6th, 2022...
March 11, 2024: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411885/evaluation-and-management-of-hyponatremia-in-heart-failure
#9
REVIEW
Giulio M Mondellini, Frederik H Verbrugge
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a contemporary overview of the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia in heart failure (HF). RECENT FINDINGS: Potassium and magnesium losses due to poor nutritional intake and treatment with diuretics cause an intracellular sodium shift in HF that may contribute to hyponatremia. Impaired renal blood flow leading to a lower glomerular filtration rate and increased proximal tubular reabsorption lead to an impaired tubular flux through diluting distal segments of the nephron, compromising electrolyte-free water excretion...
June 2024: Current Heart Failure Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31374211/managing-massive-hemoptysis
#10
REVIEW
Kevin Davidson, Samira Shojaee
Massive hemoptysis is a medical emergency with high mortality presenting several difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The origin of bleeding and underlying etiology often is not immediately apparent, and techniques for management of this dangerous condition necessitate an expedient response. Unlike hemorrhage in other circumstances, a small amount of blood can rapidly flood the airways, thereby impairing oxygenation and ventilation, leading to asphyxia and consequent cardiovascular collapse. Of paramount importance is early control of the patient's airway and immediate isolation of hemorrhage in an attempt to localize and control bleeding...
January 2020: Chest
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38280509/time-to-bystander-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-by-patient-sex-for-out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kashvi Gupta, Dan D Nguyen, Kevin F Kennedy, Paul S Chan
BACKGROUND: Delays in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are associated with worse out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. Whether disparities exist in time to CPR between women and men is unknown. METHODS: We included witnessed OHCAs treated with bystander CPR from the Cardiac Arrest Registry Enhancing Survival between 2013-2021. The primary outcome was time to first bystander CPR, and secondary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological survival...
March 2024: Resuscitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38114797/using-optic-nerve-sheath-diameter-for-intracranial-pressure-icp-monitoring-in-traumatic-brain-injury-a-scoping-review
#12
REVIEW
Karol Martínez-Palacios, Sebastián Vásquez-García, Olubunmi A Fariyike, Chiara Robba, Andrés M Rubiano
INTRODUCTION: Neuromonitoring represents a cornerstone in the comprehensive management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), allowing for early detection of complications such as increased intracranial pressure (ICP) [1]. This has led to a search for noninvasive modalities that are reliable and deployable at bedside. Among these, ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is a strong contender, estimating ICP by quantifying the distension of the optic nerve at higher ICP values...
December 19, 2023: Neurocritical Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38158482/apnea-test-the-family-in-the-room
#13
EDITORIAL
Christos Lazaridis, Mary Wolf, William H Roth, Tracey Fan, Ali Mansour, Fernando D Goldenberg
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 2024: Neurocritical Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37822014/acute-coronary-syndromes-new-guidelines-and-new-light-shed-on-biomarkers-and-mechanisms-of-plaque-instability
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filippo Crea
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 12, 2023: European Heart Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37588181/fluids-and-early-vasopressors-in-the-management-of-septic-shock-do-we-have-the-right-answers-yet
#15
REVIEW
E Carlos Sanchez, Michael R Pinsky, Sharmili Sinha, Rajesh Chandra Mishra, Ahsina Jahan Lopa, Ranajit Chatterjee
Septic shock is a common condition associated with hypotension and organ dysfunction. It is associated with high mortality rates of up to 60% despite the best recommended resuscitation strategies in international guidelines. Patients with septic shock generally have a Mean Arterial Pressure below 65 mmHg and hypotension is the most important determinant of mortality among this group of patients. The extent and duration of hypotension are important. The two initial options that we have are 1) administration of intravenous (IV) fluids and 2) vasopressors, The current recommendation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines to administer 30 ml/kg fluid cannot be applied to all patients...
July 2023: Journal of Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37160848/hemodynamic-management-in-the-prevention-and-treatment-of-delayed-cerebral-ischemia-after-aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage
#16
REVIEW
Steven Deem, Michael Diringer, Sarah Livesay, Miriam M Treggiari
One of the most serious complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is delayed cerebral ischemia, the cause of which is multifactorial. Delayed cerebral ischemia considerably worsens neurological outcome and increases the risk of death. The targets of hemodynamic management of SAH have widely changed over the past 30 years. Hypovolemia and hypotension were favored prior to the era of early aneurysmal surgery but were subsequently replaced by the use of hypervolemia and hypertension. More recently, the concept of goal-directed therapy targeting euvolemia, with or without hypertension, is gaining preference...
August 2023: Neurocritical Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37074395/association-between-prehospital-end-tidal-carbon-dioxide-levels-and-mortality-in-patients-with-suspected-severe-traumatic-brain-injury
#17
MULTICENTER STUDY
Sebastiaan M Bossers, Floor Mansvelder, Stephan A Loer, Christa Boer, Frank W Bloemers, Esther M M Van Lieshout, Dennis Den Hartog, Nico Hoogerwerf, Joukje van der Naalt, Anthony R Absalom, Lothar A Schwarte, Jos W R Twisk, Patrick Schober
PURPOSE: Severe traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and these patients are frequently intubated in the prehospital setting. Cerebral perfusion and intracranial pressure are influenced by the arterial partial pressure of CO2 and derangements might induce further brain damage. We investigated which lower and upper limits of prehospital end-tidal CO2 levels are associated with increased mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. METHODS: The BRAIN-PROTECT study is an observational multicenter study...
May 2023: Intensive Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37074523/automated-apache-ii-and-sofa-score-calculation-using-real-world-electronic-medical-record-data-in-a-single-center
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandre Mutchmore, François Lamontagne, Michaël Chassé, Lynne Moore, Michael Mayette
The integration of illness severity and organ dysfunction scores into clinical practice, including the APACHE II and SOFA scores, has been challenging due to constraints associated to manual score calculation. With electronic medical records (EMR), score calculation automation using data extraction scripts has emerged as a solution. We aimed to demonstrate that APACHE II and SOFA scores calculated with an automated EMR-based data extraction script predict important clinical endpoints. In this retrospective cohort study, every adult patient admitted to one of our three ICUs, between July 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, were enrolled...
August 2023: Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36194146/covid-19-associated-aki
#19
REVIEW
Kenki Matsumoto, John R Prowle
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: While it is now widely established acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and important complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disease, there is marked variability in its reported incidence and outcomes. This narrative review provides a mid-2022 summary of the latest epidemiological evidence on AKI in COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS: Large observational studies and meta-analyses report an AKI incidence of 28-34% in all inpatients and 46-77% in intensive care unit (ICU)...
December 1, 2022: Current Opinion in Critical Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36226706/transfusion-management-in-the-trauma-patient
#20
REVIEW
Joshua Dilday, Meghan R Lewis
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Transfusion of blood products is lifesaving in the trauma ICU. Intensivists must be familiar with contemporary literature to develop the optimal transfusion strategy for each patient. RECENT FINDINGS: A balanced ratio of red-blood cells to plasma and platelets is associated with improved mortality and has therefore become the standard of care for resuscitation. There is a dose-dependent relationship between units of product transfused and infections...
December 1, 2022: Current Opinion in Critical Care
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