collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36082797/incidence-of-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hepatitis-b-in-relation-to-maternal-peripartum-antiviral-prophylaxis-a%C3%A2-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#1
REVIEW
Naijuan Yao, Shan Fu, Yuchao Wu, Zhen Tian, Yali Feng, Juan Li, Xufei Luo, Yuan Yang, Fanpu Ji, Yaolong Chen, Jinfeng Liu, Yingren Zhao, Tianyan Chen
INTRODUCTION: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious public health challenge. Estimating HBV MTCT incidence by region under different prophylaxis regimens is critical to understanding the regional disease burden and prioritizing interventions. This study aimed to calculate HBV MTCT incidence under different prophylaxis regimens globally and regionally and identify the HBV DNA threshold for maternal peripartum antiviral prophylaxis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This review was registered in advance in PROSPERO (CRD 42019120567)...
November 2022: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35553047/pain-management-for-medical-abortion-before-14-weeks-gestation
#2
REVIEW
John J Reynolds-Wright, Mulat A Woldetsadik, Chelsea Morroni, Sharon Cameron
BACKGROUND: Abortion is common worldwide and increasingly abortions are performed at less than 14 weeks' gestation using medical methods, specifically using a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol. Medical abortion is known to be a painful process, but the optimal method of pain management is unclear. We sought to identify and compare pain management regimens for medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation.  OBJECTIVES: Primary objective To determine if there is evidence of superiority of any particular pain relief regimen in the management of combination medical abortion (mifepristone + misoprostol) under 14 weeks' gestation (i...
May 13, 2022: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35608608/medical-methods-for-first-trimester-abortion
#3
REVIEW
Jing Zhang, Kunyan Zhou, Dan Shan, Xiaoyan Luo
BACKGROUND: Medical abortion became an alternative method of pregnancy termination following the development of prostaglandins and antiprogesterone in the 1970s and 1980s. Recently, synthesis inhibitors of oestrogen (such as letrozole) have also been used to enhance efficacy. The most widely researched drugs are prostaglandins (such as misoprostol, which has a strong uterotonic effect), mifepristone, mifepristone with prostaglandins, and letrozole with prostaglandins. More evidence is needed to identify the best dosage, regimen, and route of administration to optimise patient outcomes...
May 24, 2022: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35618407/what-s-new-in-the-management-of-neonatal-early-onset-sepsis
#4
REVIEW
Noa Fleiss, Kathleen Schwabenbauer, Tara M Randis, Richard A Polin
The expert guidelines highlighted in this review provide an evidence-based framework for approaching at-risk infants and allow for a more limited and standardised approach to antibiotic use. While these guidelines have significantly reduced antibiotic utilisation worldwide, optimally each unit would individualise their approach to early onset sepsis (EOS) based on the neonatal population they serve and available resources. As advancements in EOS research continue and limitations with sepsis prediction tools are addressed, it is inevitable that our risk stratification and management guidelines will become more precise...
January 2023: Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35751902/diagnostic-accuracy-of-ultrasound-signs-for-detecting-adnexal-torsion-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#5
REVIEW
I Garde, C Paredes, L Ventura, M A Pascual, S Ajossa, S Guerriero, J Vara, M Linares, J L Alcázar
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different ultrasound signs for diagnosing adnexal torsion, using surgery as the reference standard. METHODS: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between January 1990 and November 2021 evaluating ovarian edema, adnexal mass, ovarian Doppler flow findings, the whirlpool sign and pelvic fluid as ultrasound signs (index tests) for detecting adnexal torsion, using surgical findings as the reference standard...
March 2023: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35763619/implications-of-fetal-premature-atrial-contractions-systematic-review
#6
REVIEW
B B Bet, J M de Vries, J Limpens, M van Wely, E van Leeuwen, S A Clur, E Pajkrt
OBJECTIVES: Fetal heart rate irregularities occur in 1-2% of all pregnancies and are usually caused by premature atrial contractions (PACs). Although PACs are considered benign, they may be associated with cardiac defects and tachyarrhythmias. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of fetal PACs. METHOD: This review followed the PRISMA statement for reporting and was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42020187873). OVID MEDLINE and Embase were searched from 1990 to June 2021 to identify studies on fetuses with PACs...
June 28, 2022: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35816445/clinical-utility-of-sflt-1-and-plgf-in-screening-prediction-diagnosis-and-monitoring-of-pre-eclampsia-and-fetal-growth-restriction
#7
REVIEW
H Stepan, A Galindo, M Hund, D Schlembach, J Sillman, D Surbek, M Vatish
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is characterized by placental and maternal endothelial dysfunction, and associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), placental abruption, preterm delivery and stillbirth. The angiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are altered in pregnancies complicated by placenta-related disorders. In this Review, we summarize the existing knowledge, examining the performance of maternal PlGF, sFlt-1 and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for screening PE, predicting development of PE in the short term, diagnosing PE, monitoring established PE and predicting other placenta-related disorders in singleton pregnancy...
February 2023: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35559791/the-immunobiology-of-preterm-labor-and-birth-intra-amniotic-inflammation-or-breakdown-of-maternal-fetal-homeostasis
#8
REVIEW
Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, Jose Galaz, Derek Miller, Marcelo Farias-Jofre, Zhenjie Liu, Marcia Arenas-Hernandez, Valeria Garcia-Flores, Zachary Shaffer, Jonathan M Greenberg, Kevin R Theis, Roberto Romero
IN BRIEF: The syndrome of preterm labor comprises multiple established and novel etiologies. This review summarizes the distinct immune mechanisms implicated in preterm labor and birth and highlights potential strategies for its prevention. ABSTRACT: Preterm birth, the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, results from preterm labor, a syndrome that includes multiple etiologies. In this review, we have summarized the immune mechanisms implicated in intra-amniotic inflammation, the best-characterized cause of preterm labor and birth, as well as novel etiologies non-associated with intra-amniotic inflammation (i...
June 20, 2022: Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35675626/lower-gastrointestinal-tract-disorders-clinical-updates-in-women-s-health-care-primary-and-preventive-care-review
#9
REVIEW
Jennifer Ray, Jennifer LaBundy
Lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and associated symptoms account for a large number of health care visits each year. Many women visit their obstetrician-gynecologists more often than their primary care physicians or use them as primary health care providers. Many gynecologic and lower GI disorders share symptoms, such as lower abdominal or pelvic pain and bloating. Some diseases are more common in women compared with men, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or warrant special consideration in women, for example, for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)...
June 1, 2022: Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35760651/outcomes-with-definitive-radiotherapy-among-patients-with-locally-advanced-cervical-cancer-with-relative-or-absolute-contraindications-to-cisplatin-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#10
REVIEW
Warren Bacorro, Kathleen Baldivia, Kelvin Ken Yu, Jocelyn Mariano, Gil Gonzalez, Teresa Sy Ortin
BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) is chemoradiation (CRT) with cisplatin, followed by brachytherapy, but is less defined for cisplatin-intolerant patients. We synthesized evidence on treatment outcomes with definitive radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy (ChT) in these patients. METHODS: We performed a systematic search and included 20 relevant studies. We extracted data on response, survival, compliance, and toxicity, and performed meta-analyses of outcome rates and risk ratios...
September 2022: Gynecologic Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35367015/follicular-activation-in-women-previously-diagnosed-with-poor-ovarian-response-a-randomized-controlled-trial
#11
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
César Díaz-García, Sonia Herraiz, Loida Pamplona, Jessica Subirá, María José Soriano, Carlos Simon, Emre Seli, Antonio Pellicer
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ovarian fragmentation for follicular activation (OFFA) improves ovarian reserve markers and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in women with poor ovarian response (POR). DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial, with parallel assignment. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): Thirty-four women with POR according to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology criteria...
April 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35512972/heart-health-in-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-time-to-act-on-the-data
#12
REVIEW
Anuja Dokras
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), first described over 80 years ago, is a chronic condition with gynecologic, metabolic, and psychologic manifestations. Both hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are associated with the high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors described in this population. Although robust data in reproductive-age women demonstrate a high rate of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, studies show mixed results in the adolescent and menopausal age groups...
May 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35512973/cardiometabolic-biomarkers-in-women-with-polycystic-ovary-syndrome
#13
REVIEW
Kim van der Ham, Yvonne V Louwers, Joop S E Laven
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Apart from the reproductive problems, PCOS is also associated with metabolic disturbances, and therefore, it also affects adolescents and postmenopausal women with PCOS as well as their offspring and other first-degree relatives. Adolescents with PCOS show unfavorable cardiometabolic biomarkers more often than controls, such as overweight/obesity and hyperandrogenism, and studies also suggest an unfavorable lipid profile...
May 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35512974/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-and-obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-women-with-polycystic-ovary-syndrome
#14
REVIEW
Iliana Doycheva, David A Ehrmann
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obstructive sleep apnea are frequently associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but remain underrecognized. Women with PCOS have a 2-4 times higher risk of NAFLD independent of body mass index than healthy weight-matched controls. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia together play a central role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Timely diagnosis of NAFLD is important because its progression can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and/or advanced liver fibrosis that can eventually result in liver-related mortality...
May 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35512975/subclinical-cardiovascular-disease-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome
#15
REVIEW
Joanne Michelle D Gomez, Katherine VanHise, Nina Stachenfeld, Jessica L Chan, Noel Bairey Merz, Chrisandra Shufelt
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts approximately 6%-10% of women worldwide, with hallmark features of hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, infertility, and polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasound. In addition, PCOS is associated with several endocrine and metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, which all increase the risk for subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), the presence of altered vascular endothelium without overt CVD...
May 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35512976/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-a-risk-enhancing-factor-for-cardiovascular-disease
#16
REVIEW
Carolyn Guan, Salman Zahid, Anum S Minhas, Pamela Ouyang, Arthur Vaught, Valerie L Baker, Erin D Michos
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and is hallmarked by hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Polycystic ovary syndrome, particularly the hyperandrogenism phenotype, is associated with several cardiometabolic abnormalities, including obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. Many, but not all, studies have suggested that PCOS is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, independent of body mass index and traditional risk factors...
May 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35525813/immunology-in-reproductive-medicine-is-current-testing-and-therapy-justified-by-science
#17
REVIEW
Robert J Norman
Immunology and reproduction are intimately combined in human physiology; however, the mechanisms whereby the uterus accepts the fetus and allows it to flourish remain unclear, at least in the human. The introduction of unproven and expensive tests and therapies to alter immune mechanisms around conception has spread throughout reproductive medicine. Specialists in this discipline need to understand more of the immune physiology of reproduction and be more conservative in the use of therapeutics until evidence-based data become available...
June 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35534290/the-role-of-immunologic-tests-for-subfertility-in-the-clinical-environment
#18
REVIEW
Joanne Kwak-Kim, Lujain AlSubki, Thanh Luu, Umida Ganieva, Amy Thees, Svetlana Dambaeva, Alice Gilman-Sachs
Unexplained subfertility and implantation failures not only are emotionally and physically distressing but also become a significant obstacle to reproductive-age couples who wish to build their family. Often, the currently recommended evaluation for these couples is significantly limited, and many of causes remain unexplained. To obtain an accurate diagnosis and treatment, proper evidence-based laboratory evaluation should be performed. Immune tests for women with subfertility and implantation failures are essential to recognize the immune etiology and appropriate therapeutic strategies...
June 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35568524/infertility-workup-identifying-endometriosis
#19
REVIEW
Paul Pirtea, Nicolas Vulliemoz, Dominique de Ziegler, Jean Marc Ayoubi
Endometriosis was classically diagnosed during diagnostic laparoscopies, which used to be routinely performed up until a decade ago or so. This practice fitted with the long-held belief that surgery was the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis. Today, the abandon of routine diagnostic laparoscopies-in favor of assisted reproductive technology-first therapeutic approaches-has created a void for diagnosing endometriosis. Modern-day imaging techniques-ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging-when used with a systematic approach have offered a reliable replacement option for diagnosing endometriosis...
July 2022: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35610093/assisted-reproductive-technology-considerations-for-the-nonheterosexual-population-and-single-parents
#20
REVIEW
Nicholas Saleem Raja, Colin B Russell, Molly B Moravek
This study aimed to discuss fertility concerns unique to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, plus and single-parent-to-be populations and review special considerations regarding the evaluation and treatment of these patients relevant to the practicing reproductive medicine provider. The use of assisted reproductive technology has rapidly increased over the past 50 years. Given these trends, providers can expect a greater diversity of patients making use of these technologies. Both the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, plus community and single parents-to-be represent understudied and important populations who often require the use of assisted reproductive technology to build their families...
July 2022: Fertility and Sterility
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