collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31230381/post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorders-epstein-barr-virus-infection-and-disease-in-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Upton D Allen, Jutta K Preiksaitis
These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the diagnosis, management, and prevention of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and other Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) syndromes after solid organ transplantation. PTLD are a heterogeneous spectrum of predominantly B-cell disorders, often extra-nodal, with complex distinct pathogeneses and variable clinical presentations determined by pathologic subtype. Recent epidemiologic studies report a decrease in early EBV-positive (+) PTLD and an increase in late EBV-negative (-) PTLD...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31077619/surgical-site-infections-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#2
REVIEW
Lilian M Abbo, Paolo Antonio Grossi
These guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of post-operative surgical site infections (SSIs) in solid organ transplantation. SSIs are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in SOT recipients. Depending on the organ transplanted, SSIs occur in 3%-53% of patients, with the highest rates observed in small bowel/multivisceral, liver, and pancreas transplant recipients. These infections are classified by increasing invasiveness as superficial incisional, deep incisional, or organ/space SSIs...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31077618/management-of-infections-due-to-nontuberculous-mycobacteria-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah A Longworth, Jennifer S Daly
These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the pre- and post-transplant period. NTM commonly cause one of five different clinical syndromes: pleuropulmonary disease, skin and soft tissue infection, osteoarticular infection, disseminated disease, including that caused by catheter-associated infection, and lymphadenitis. Diagnosis of these infections can be challenging, particularly when they are isolated from nonsterile spaces, owing to their ubiquity in nature...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31077616/pneumocystis-jiroveci-in-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jay A Fishman, Hayley Gans
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of Pneumocystis jiroveci fungal infection transplant recipients. Pneumonia (PJP) may develop via airborne transmission or reactivation of prior infection. Nosocomial clusters of infection have been described among transplant recipients. PJP should not occur during prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Without prophylaxis, PJP risk is greatest in the first 6 months after organ transplantation but may develop later...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31077438/human-papillomavirus-infection-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter V Chin-Hong, Gail E Reid
These guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice update the epidemiology and management of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in organ transplant recipients. HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and is associated with cancers of the anogenital region. Increasing evidence suggests an association with head and neck cancers as well. Solid organ transplant recipients have a higher risk of HPV infection than the general population...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31102546/intra-abdominal-infections-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#6
REVIEW
Ghady Haidar, Michael Green
This new guideline from the AST IDCOP reviews intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), which cause substantial morbidity and mortality among abdominal SOT recipients. Each transplant type carries unique risks for IAI, though peritonitis occurs in all abdominal transplant recipients. Biliary infections, bilomas, and intra-abdominal and intrahepatic abscesses are common after liver transplantation and are associated with the type of biliary anastomosis, the presence of vascular thrombosis or ischemia, and biliary leaks or strictures...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31102483/multidrug-resistant-gram-negative-bacterial-infections-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie M Pouch, Gopi Patel
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli in the pre- and post-transplant period. MDR Gram-negative bacilli, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, remain a threat to successful organ transplantation. Clinicians now have access to at least five novel agents with activity against some of these organisms, with others in the advanced stages of clinical development...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31120612/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-in-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcus R Pereira, Meenakshi M Rana
These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in solid organ transplantation. Despite an increasing armamentarium of antimicrobials active against MRSA, improved diagnostic tools, and overall declining rates of infection, MRSA infections remain a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31145496/intestinal-parasites-including-cryptosporidium-cyclospora-giardia-and-microsporidia-entamoeba-histolytica-strongyloides-schistosomiasis-and-echinococcus-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ricardo M La Hoz, Michele I Morris
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of intestinal parasites in the pre- and post-transplant period. Intestinal parasites are prevalent in the developing regions of the world. With increasing travel to and from endemic regions, changing immigration patterns, and the expansion of transplant medicine in developing countries, they are increasingly recognized as a source of morbidity and mortality in solid-organ transplant recipients...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31155770/candida-infections-in-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saima Aslam, Coleman Rotstein
These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice provide recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Candida infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Candida infections manifest primarily as candidemia and invasive candidiasis and cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are necessary to reduce mortality. For both candidemia and invasive candidiasis, an echinocandin is recommended for initial therapy...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31162727/varicella-zoster-virus-in-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven A Pergam, Ajit P Limaye
These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the pre- and post-transplant period. Primary varicella is an uncommon complication post-solid-organ transplant (SOT), except among pediatric transplant patients and those seronegative for VZV. As the majority of SOT recipients are seropositive for VZV, herpes zoster (HZ) occurs frequently following SOT, particularly among recipients who are older (≥65 years of age) and those receiving more intensive immunosuppression...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30773688/solid-organ-transplantation-in-the-hiv-infected-patient-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily A Blumberg, Christin C Rogers
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the management of transplantation in HIV-infected individuals. Transplantation has become the standard of care for patients with HIV and end-stage kidney or liver disease. Although less data exist for thoracic organ and pancreas transplantation, it is likely that transplantation is also safe and effective for these recipients as well. Despite what is typically a transient decline in CD4+ T lymphocytes, HIV remains well controlled and infection risks are similar to those of HIV-uninfected transplant recipients...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30900296/invasive-aspergillosis-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shahid Husain, Jose F Camargo
These updated AST-IDCOP guidelines provide information on epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Aspergillus after organ transplantation. Aspergillus is the most common invasive mold infection in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and it is the most common invasive fungal infection among lung transplant recipients. Time from transplant to diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) is variable, but most cases present within the first year post-transplant, with shortest time to onset among liver and heart transplant recipients...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30900327/screening-of-donor-and-candidate-prior-to-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maricar Malinis, Helen W Boucher
This updated section of the guideline from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation reviews the screening of donor and candidate prior to solid organ transplantation. Screening of donor and candidate is vital for optimizing post-transplant outcomes. Risk assessment based on detailed history and appropriate diagnostic evaluation is essential. Serologic screening for certain viral infections is important and aids in immunization counseling and risk mitigation of recipients...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30900295/tissue-and-blood-protozoa-including-toxoplasmosis-chagas-disease-leishmaniasis-babesia-acanthamoeba-balamuthia-and-naegleria-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ricardo M La Hoz, Michele I Morris
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of tissue and blood protozoal infections in the pre- and post-transplant period. Significant new developments in the field have made it necessary to divide the previous single guideline published in 2013 into two sections, with the intestinal parasites separated from this guideline devoted to tissue and blood protozoa. The current update reflects the increased focus on donor screening and risk-based recipient monitoring for parasitic infections...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30900275/pneumonia-in-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#16
REVIEW
Daniel E Dulek, Nicolas J Mueller
These guidelines from the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in the post-transplant period. Clinical presentations and differential diagnosis for pneumonia in the solid organ transplant recipient are reviewed. A two-tier approach is proposed based on the net state of immunosuppression and the severity of presentation. With a lower risk of opportunistic, hospital-acquired, or exposure-specific pathogens and a non-severe presentation, empirical therapy may be initiated under close clinical observation...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30900315/cryptococcosis-in-solid-organ-transplantation-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John W Baddley, Graeme N Forrest
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of cryptococcosis in the pre- and post-transplant period. The current update now includes a discussion of cryptococcosis, which is the third most common invasive fungal infection in SOT recipients. Infection often occurs a year after transplantation; however, early infections occur and donor-derived infections have been described within 3 months after transplant...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30903670/donor-derived-infections-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cameron R Wolfe, Michael G Ison
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation will review the current state of the art of donor-derived infections. Specifically, the guideline will summarize standardized definitions and approaches to defining imputability, updated data on the epidemiology of donor-derived infections, and approaches to risk mitigation against transmission of infections. This update will additionally provide guidance on the use of HIV+ donors in HIV+ recipients, the use of HCV-viremic donors in non-viremic recipients, donors with endemic infections, and donors with bacteremia, meningitis, and encephalitis...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30913334/diagnosis-and-management-of-diarrhea-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#19
REVIEW
Michael Angarone, David R Snydman
These guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of diarrhea in the pre- and post-transplant period. Diarrhea in an organ transplant recipient may result in significant morbidity including dehydration, increased toxicity of medications, and rejection. Transplant recipients are affected by a wide range of etiologies of diarrhea with the most common causes being Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection, cytomegalovirus, and norovirus...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30913322/vancomycin-resistant-enterococcus-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients-guidelines-from-the-american-society-of-transplantation-infectious-diseases-community-of-practice
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anoma Nellore, Shirish Huprikar
These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation address vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections in SOT candidates and recipients. VRE are an important cause of infection and have been named by the CDC as a serious public threat. Typically, a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract, VRE may become pathogenic after abdominal organ manipulation like transplantation. This guideline reviews the microbiology, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of VRE infection in the context of solid organ transplantation...
September 2019: Clinical Transplantation
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